1. Coaching is a developmental process that involves instructing, disciplining, and inspiring people to achieve more than they think possible. 2. There are four common attitudes managers take toward coaching - from not coaching at all to actively coaching by setting goals and holding people accountable. 3. Coaching can be directive, by giving advice, or non-directive, by asking questions to help people learn on their own. Non-directive coaching is more powerful and lasting. 4. Effective coaching involves asking open-ended questions, giving balanced feedback, creating action plans, and following up through accountability sessions.