A common & coherent (consistent) approach to defining & classifying hazards, & a system to ensure consistent world-wide hazard communication through uniform hazard information on labels & safety data sheets

1. INTRODUCTION TO GHS
Department of Occupational Safety and Health

2. SESSION OBJECTIVES
By the end of this session participants should be able
to:
Describe the background to the development of the
GHS
State the scope of GHS coverage
State the target audience of GHS
Describe the GHS building block
Compare the differences between CPL and GHS
classification, labelling and SDS requirements
2

3. SCOPE
Definition of GHS
History of GHS
Objectives & Scope of GHS
Why GHS?
Principles of harmonization
Target audience
Benefits of GHS
GHS Building Block
Comparison of CPL with GHS
Important GHS Websites
3

4. Definition of GHS
GHS stands for Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
A common & coherent (consistent) approach to
defining & classifying hazards, & a system to
ensure consistent world-wide hazard
communication through uniform hazard
information on labels & safety data sheets
4

5. History of the GHS
1989-90: ILO’s “Safety in the use of chemicals” Convention &
Recommendations
1992, UNCED:Agenda 21, Chapter 19 – develop International
Strategy for Environmentally Sound Management of Toxic
Chemicals
Identified six action programs including…
“Globally harmonized hazard classification & compatible
labelling system including material safety data sheets
& easily understandable symbols should be available,
if possible, by the year 2000.”
5

6. History of GHS (cont.)
1992-2002 ( 10 years)
Cooperative work of the OECD, UN Committee of
experts on TDG, ILO, Governments & Industry
2002: Work completed, UN approved
2003: GHS document published- the “Purple Book”
2005:Revised edition
2007:Second revised edition
2009:Third revised edition
2011: Fourth revised edition
6

7. OBJECTIVE OF GHS
Simple & transparent
Self-classification as far as possible
For many hazard classes: semi-quantitative or
qualitative (requiring expert judgments)
For some hazard classes: decision tree approach
7

8. SCOPE OF COVERAGE
Workplace, transport & consumer sectors
Cover industrial chemicals, pesticides, consumer
chemical products
Exceptions
Pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, pesticide
residues in food not covered for intentional intake
Articles outside the scope of GHS
8

9. GHS-Primary Components
Classification criteria
Pure/Single substances
Mixtures
Labelling elements
6 elements
Safety Data Sheets elements
16 elements
9

10. GHS -PURPLE BOOK
3rd Edition (2009)
10

11. Why GHS?
No country has ability to identify & specifically regulate every
hazardous chemical product
Adoption of requirements for info. to accompany product helps
address protection needs
Many countries came to same conclusion about using information
dissemination as regulatory means to address chemical hazards
Countries have different requirements for hazard definitions as
well as information on a label or safety data sheet
Impact of having different hazard classification & communication
systems in the area of protection & trade
11

12. EUROPE
Harmful if swallowed
Gesundheitsschadlich beim
Verschlucken
Nocif en cas d’ingestion
12

13. AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA
WARNING!
Harmful if Swallowed.
UN 1502; class 6
13

14. Memudaratkan jika ditelan.
Harmful if swallowed.
MALAYSIAMALAYSIA
14

15. THAILANDTHAILAND
15

16. HARMONISATION FOR CLASSIFICATION & LABELLING
Australia-Harmful
India-Non-toxic
Japan-Toxic
US-Toxic
Malaysia-Harmful
Thailand-Harmful
EU-Harmful
New Zealand-Hazardous
China-Not Dangerous
☯ Korea-Toxic
Acute oral
LD50 = 257 mg/kg
GHS classification:
Acute toxic (oral) Category 3
Symbol :
16

17. Benefits of Harmonisation
Enhance protection of humans and
environment
Facilitate international trade in chemicals
Reduce need for testing and evaluation
Assist countries and international
organizations to ensure the sound
management of chemicals
17

18. 18
Occupational Diseases Investigated by DOSH
(2005-2012)
Type of Diseases 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1. Occupational Lung Disease 51 38 50 56 57 43 65 111
2. Occupational Skin Disease 57 30 192 70 53 78 81 48
3. Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Lost 190 106 120 169 427 467 514 956
4. Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorder 10 22 18 31 57 30 55 95
5. Disease Cause by a Chemical Agent
(Poisoning)
139 116 117 41 61 15 31 58
6. Disease Cause by a Biological Agent 0 3 1 2 3 4 1 32
7. Occupational Cancer 0 2 1 3 2 0 3 1
8. Other Disease and Non-occupational Disease 4 45 47 81 2 24 17 36
TOTAL 451 362 546 453 662 661 767 1337

19. 19
UK – HSE Annual Statistics Report
2011/2012
•111 164 other injuries to employees were reported under
RIDDOR, a rate of 445 per 100 000 employees.
Malaysia 331/100K ( UK 1.34 X higher)
173 workers were killed at work, a rate of 0.6 per 100 000
workers. Malaysia 4.6/100 K (7.7 times higher)
•27 million days were lost overall (17 days per case),
22.7 million due to work-related ill health and
4.3 million due to workplace injury
(Work related ill health 5.3 X workplace injury in contributing to
days lost ).

20. Compensation Paid By SOCSO ( 2007-
2009)
Chemical Exposure Related Diseases
20

21. Chemical Related Diseases Reported to
SOCSO 2007-2009
Increased
191.42 % -
2 Years
35
102
63
Year
21

22. Types of Compensation and
Percentage of Workers Getting Compensation
Year
Benefit
TotalTemporary
Dis
Permanent
Dis
2007
Comp.
Yes 8 1 9
No 24 2 26
Total 32 3 35
2008
Comp.
Yes 9 10 19
No 36 8 44
Total 45 18 63
2009
Comp.
Yes 0 13 13
No 75 14 89
Total 75 27 102
TOTAL
YES 41
%
20.50
NO 159 79.5022

23. 23
Access Legal from Shoosmiths associate and
personal injury specialist Philip Baldwin said:
"Despite having one of the best health and
safety records in the world, there were still 180
workplace fatalities in the UK in 2008/09, and
around 4,000 cancer deaths due to past asbestos
exposure.

24. 2012- MITI REPORT
1/27/2015
Petrochemical and Chemical
Products= RM 185.3 b
(26.4%)

25. Ease of Doing Business Ranking 2012-
World Bank
1/27/2015

26. MALAYSIA
NO KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR RANKS (2012/2013)
1 Global Competitiveness Index
(World Economic Forum)
25/144
2 Ease of Doing Business
(World Bank)
6/185
3 Environmental Performance Index EPI
(Yale University)
25/132
4 International Tourist Arrival (UNWTO) 10 (24.7 million )

27. • Basel Convention ( Control of trans boundary movement of hazardous waste)
– ratified on 8th October 1993
– DOE Malaysia is designated as the competent authority
– Export / import through Customs shall be accompanied by a permit issued by DOE
• Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous
Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade – ratified on 4th September 2002
• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants – active involvement in activities
under this convention
• Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of
Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapon Convention )
• The Minamata Convention on Mercury -designed to protect human health and the
environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury
compounds
• ILO’s “Safety in the use of chemicals” Convention & Recommendations

28. COVERAGE OF GHS
Industrial workplace
Consumer chemicals
Pesticides
Transport
Labelling
Classification
SDS
Transport
workers
Workers
SUBSTANCES
MIXTURES
28

29. BACKGROUND TO GHS
IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA
2002- GHS introduced at ASEAN-OSHNET Workshop in KL
2004- MITI organized GHS seminar with APEC Chemical
Dialogue
2005: Setting of Committee to draft CLASS Regulation
2006- initial target date for voluntary adoption by APEC
2006- National Coordinating Council for GHS Implementation
2006/7: Translation 1st Revised Ed. into Bahasa Malaysia
2008-target date by World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) for voluntary adoption globally; revised
target date by APEC
2008: Malaysian Standards on GHS published
2008/10: Translation 3rd Revised Edition into Bahasa Malaysia
2011: GHS/ CLASS National wide Promotional programme
2012: Finalize CLASS & ICOP CLASS
2013: CLASS Gazette
29

30. IMPLEMENTATION OF GHS IN MALAYSIA
SECTOR LEAD AGENCY
1. Industrial
Workplace
Department of Occupational
Safety and Health (DOSH)
2. Pesticides Pesticides Board, Ministry of
Agriculture
3. Transport Ministry of Transport
4. Consumer
Products
Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-
Operatives and Consumerism

31. GHS BUILDING BLOCK
Building Block Approach
Hazard classes are building blocks
Competent authorities (CA) may decide which hazard classes
apply
For given hazard class, CA may not apply all categories
Classification criteria such as cut-off values for adopted
hazard categories should not be altered
CA to adopt at least the highest hazard category (cat. 1) for
a particular hazard class
If >1 hazard category adopted, hazard categories to form
an unbroken sequence
31

32. GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard Class
Explosives Unstable Div 1.1 Div 1.2 Div 1.3 Div 1.4 Div 1.5 Div 1.6
Flammable Gases 1 2
Flammable Aerosols 1 2
Oxidizing Gases 1
Gas Under Pressure
Compressed Gases 1
Liquefied Gases 1
Refrigerated Liquefied Gases 1
Dissolved Gases 1
Flammable Liquids 1 2 3 4
Flammable Solids 1 2
Self Reactive Substances Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G
Pyrophoric Liquids 1
Pyrophoric Solids 1
Self Heating Substances 1 2
Water reactive->Flammable Gases 1 2 3
Oxidizing Liquids 1 2 3
Oxidizing Solids 1 2 3
Organic Peroxides Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G
Corrosive to Metals 1
Hazard Category
32

33. GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:
HEALTH HAZARDS
HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY
Acute Toxicity (oral) 1 2 3 4 5
Acute Toxicity (dermal) 1 2 3 4 5
Acute Toxicity (inhalation) 1 2 3 4 5
Skin Corrosion/Irritation 1A, 1B, 1C 2 3
Serious Eye Damage/ Eye Irritation 1 2
Respiratory Sensitization 1A, 1B
Skin Sensitization 1A, 1B
Germ Cell Mutagenicity 1A, 1B 2
Carcinogenicity 1A, 1B 2
Reproductive Toxicity 1A, 1B 2 Effects on or via lactation
Specific Target Organ Toxicity(single) 1 2 3
Specific Target Organ Toxicity(repeated) 1 2
Aspiration Hazard 1 2
33

34. GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY
Hazardous to Aquatic Environment (Acute) 1 2 3
Hazardous to Aquatic Environment (Chronic) 1 2 3 4
Hazardous to the Ozone Layer 1
34

35. CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
1. Explosive
2. Oxidizing
3. Extremely flammable
4. Highly flammable
5. Flammable
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
1.Explosives
2. Oxidizing Liquids
3. Oxidising Solids
4. Oxidising Gases
5. Organic Peroxides
6. Flammable Gases
7. Flammable Aerosols
8. Flammable Liquids
9. Flammable Solids
10. Gases under Pressure
11. Self-Reactive Substances
12. Pyrophoric Liquids
13. Pyrophoric Solids
14. Self-Heating Substances
15. Substances which on contact with water emits
flammable gases
16. Corrosive to Metals
CPL GHS
35

36. CLASSIFICATION
HEALTH EFFECTS
1.Very toxic
2.Toxic
3.Harmful
4.Corrosive
5.Irritants
HEALTH HAZARD CLASSES
1.Acute Toxicity
2. Germ Cell Mutagenicity
3. Carcinogenicity
4. Reproductive Toxicity
5.Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single)
6. Specific Target Organ Toxicity
(Repeated)
7.Skin Corrosion/Irritation
8.Serious Eye Damage/ Eye Irritation
9.Respiratory Sensitisation
10.Skin Sensitisation
11. Aspiration Hazard
GHSCPL
36

37. CLASSIFICATION
No classification for
environmental hazards
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD CLASSES
1.Hazardous to Aquatic Environments
(acute)
2. Hazardous to Aquatic Environment
long term (chronic)
3. Hazardous to the ozone layer
CPL GHS
37

38. LABELLING ELEMENTS
LABEL ELEMENTS
1.Name of hazardous chemical
2.Details of supplier
3. Danger symbols & indication of
danger
4.Nature of special risks
5. Safety precautions
LABEL ELEMENTS
1.Chemical identifier/ingredient
disclosure
2. Supplier identification
3. Hazard pictograms
4. Hazard statements
5. Precautionary statement
6. Signal words
CPL GHS
38

39. HAZARD SYMBOL/PICTOGRAM
CPL HAZARD SYMBOLS (6)
Color: 5
GHS HAZARD PICTOGRAMS (9)
!
39

40. SIGNAL WORD
No signal words DANGER
For severe hazards
WARNING
For less severe hazards
CPL GHS
40

41. HAZARD STATEMENTS
R-phrase Risk Phrase
R12 Extremely flammable
R25 Toxic if swallowed
R27 Very toxic in contact
with skin
R43 May cause
sensitisation by skin
contact
H-code Hazard Statement
H220 Extremely flammable gas
H301 Toxic if swallowed
H310 Fatal in contact with skin
H317 May cause an allergic
skin reaction
CPL RISK PHRASES GHS
41

42. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
S-phrase Safety Phrases
S2 Keep out of reach of
children.
S16 Keep away from sources
of ignition - No Smoking
S28 After contact with skin,
wash immediately with
plenty of.....(to be
specified by the
manufacturer)
P-code Precautionary Statement
P102 Keep out of reach of
children.
P210 Keep away from
heat/sparks/open flame. -
No smoking.
P264 Wash hands thoroughly
after handling.
CPL SAFETY PHRASES GHS PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
42

43. COMPARISON OF SDS: CPL VERSUS GHS
1. Product and company information
2. Hazards identification
3. Composition information on ingredients
4. First aid measures
5. Fire fighting measures
6. Accidental release
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure controls, personal protection
9. Physical, chemical properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
CPL 1997
1. Product, company identification
2. Composition information on ingredient
3. Physical, chemical properties
4. Hazards identification
5. First aid measures
6. Fire fighting measures
7. Accidental release measures
8. Handling and storage
9. Exposure controls, personal protection
10.Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
GHS
43

44. Important GHS Websites (1)
UN ECE GHS 3rd Revised Edition
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev03/
03files_e.html
UN ECE Transport of Dangerous Goods
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm
UNITAR/ILO Capacity Training Programme
http://www.unitar.org/cwg
New Zealand ERMA
http://www.ermanz.govt.nz
European Chemicals Bureau: Classification and Labelling
http://ecb.jrc.it
44

45. Important GHS Websites (2)
OECD Classification and Labelling
http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_3
4371_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
ILO Classification and Labelling
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework
/chemsfty/ghs.htm
WSSD Global Partnership for Capacity Building to
Implement GHS
http://www.unitar.org/cwg/ghs_partnership/index.htm
45

46. 46

47. PRE-CLASS
IMPLEMENTATION STUDIES
1. Comprehensibility Testing (CT) in
Industrial Workplace-
DOSH & UKM
2.CPL vs CLASS: Malaysian Suppliers’
Perspective- DOSH
47

48. Results for CT in Industrial Workplace : Most
Recognized Pictogram
Pictogram Description of the pictogram Other meanings given by
respondents
• Explosive

49. Results for CT in Industrial Workplace: Least
Recognized Pictogram
Pictogram Description of the pictogram Other meanings given by
respondents
• Harmful;
• Bottle;
• Gas cylinder;
• Danger if swallowed;
• Bomb;
• Acid;
• Unstable gas;
• Drum;
• Needle;
• Do not spill;
• Explosive;
• Cannot consume (eat);
• Handphone;
• Oxidising agent;
• Don’t worry;
• Explode under pressure;
• Danger;
• Oxidize gas;
• Feather;
• Cannot place the gas
cylinder horizontally; and
• Firecracker

50. Readiness of Compliance to CLASS
201X50
68%
32%
Ready to comply
Not ready to comply

51. Reasons Given by Suppliers
Ready to comply Not ready to comply
Facilitate international trade
Headquarters of the companies
overseas have already use GHS
and are willing to help the
Malaysian counterpart
Committed in preserving the
safety and health of workers
Time consuming
High adaptation cost
Lack of exposure and
understanding to GHS
and CLASS 201X
51

52. Status of GHS implementation
(for industrial workplace)
Countries 2010 2013
Brunei No No
Cambodia No No
China Yes Yes
Indonesia Yes Yes
Japan Yes Yes
Korea Yes Yes
Lao PDR No No
Malaysia No Yes
Myanmar No No
Singapore Yes Yes
Thailand No Yes
Vietnam Yes Yes

53. 53
53