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Jason Rutter
School of Mass Communications Research
Catholic University of Leuven
Leuven 3000
Belgium

Jason.Rutter@soc.kuleuven.be




Finding Gamers
in 140 characters
Talk of games on Twitter
Not all players are gamers...
60
                                                 Aarseth

                                          Ludology
                                     45

                                              Juul
                          Player/s
                                     30

                                                                                         Crawford
           Exp     15
        Psychology                            Barlett & Anderson              Sociology
          Bushman & Gibson
                                                                        Bryce & Rutter
                                     0
                                          0             15               30                 45                60
                                                                     Gamer/s

Aarseth, E. 2003. ‘Playing Research: Methodological approaches to game analysis’
Barlett, C.P. and Anderson, C.A., 2009. ‘Violent video games and public policy’
Bushman, B. J., & Gibson, B., 2011. ‘Violent video games cause an increase in aggression long after the game has been turned
off’
Bryce, J. and Rutter, J., 2003. ‘Gender dynamics and the social and spatial organization of computer gaming’
Crawford, G., 2006. ‘The cult of Champ Man: The culture and pleasures of Championship Manager/Football Manager gamers’
Juul, J., 2008. ‘The magic circle and the puzzle piece’
‘The deviant is one to whom
     that label has successfully
            been applied’
                                                    Becker, 1963: 9




Becker, H., 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance
gamer
‘The deviant is one to whom
 that label has successfully
        been applied’
The concept of a ‘magic circle,’ which is
    based on a clear separation between
     ‘play reality’ and ‘everyday reality,’
                does not apply.
   For these gamers, digital play was often
      a routine activity intertwined with
           other everyday routines.
                                                             Kallio et al. (2010: 2)


Kallio, K.P., Mayra, F. and Kaipainen, K., 2010. ‘At least nine ways to play:
Approaching gamer mentalities’, Games and Culture
For these gamers, digital
play was often a routine
  activity intertwined
  with other everyday
        routines.
Harvey Sacks   Erving Goffman   Harold Garfinkel
‘organized artful practices of
             everyday life.’ (Garfinkel, 1986: 309)




Garfinkel, H., 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology
Not all players are gamers...

All #Portal2 single player campaign achievements
done... Now i need @XXXXX to find some time to
destroy the co-op wit me

I just saved science #portal2 co-op completed.
Now for single player fun to begin . . .

Just finished #Portal2 single player. heheh...
Hilarious! :) I want to throw out a few fav quotes, but
@XXXXX hasn’t finished yet!
Not all players are gamers...

11 users of ‘player’: 12 uses of ‘gamer’

   6 uses of ‘gamer’ in usernames
        1 in hashtag #gamer
                1 in url
           1 as ‘gamertag’
Not all players are gamers...

Hard to believe that Portal 2 players on PS3 haven't
been able to try online co op yet. Fantastic part of the
game. #portal2

Watching a #Portal2 Let’s Play and this guy is a
competant player that knows when to shut up.
Awesome.

Scratch that about the competence. This guy have a
problem with puzzles. #Portal2’
We are gamers - they are
        players
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7Y4f6VtjIo
planning gaming
  doing gaming
completing gaming
 quitting gaming
   not gaming
planning gaming
  doing gaming
completing gaming
 quitting gaming
   not gaming
I got #Portal2 :-)
       http://
dailybooth.com/u/
        9ctto
About to play #portal2 I have no doubt in my mind
that it will be good but I think the term epic needs to
fuck off and die

I imagine there’s going to be a huge crush of people
trying to play #mortalkombat and #portal2 when
#PSN is turned on again. Good luck!

Very intrigued by this #Portal2 game. Might have to
pick that one up.

Watching some of the previous series’ #DoctorWho,
then hopefully I can find someone to play some
#Portal2 co-op with me!
planning gaming
  doing gaming
completing gaming
 quitting gaming
   not gaming
Listening and playing The National - Exile Vilify - this
        is for a video game soundtrack. Yup.
        wudr.udayton.edu #WUDR #Portal2
For 6+ hr flight to LA. Screw the ridiculous $5 itunes
movie rentals, I’m buying #Portal2. Just hope the
plane has a power outlet.

#Portal2 and a nice #bourbon to end the night. Shit
yeah it’s cool.

Fact: It is dumb to try to work to #Portal2
soundtrack. Remote & controller are still sittin right
here iz too much for my puny human will

#Portal2 and #Food and #LOST and #Tattoos and
#Food. Awesome night. Would only be better with a
cutie to talk to. Heeeeeeee =}
planning gaming
  doing gaming
completing gaming
 quitting gaming
   not gaming
Just beat #portal2 http://twitpic.com/4w0aea
Just completed #Portal2 single player on #Xbox.
Fantastic game well worthy of all the critical acclaim
it’s received. A 10/10 for me too

Finished #Portal2. I thought it was very good, not too
short, but I’m slow and took a week break in middle
of playing!

Its late... But I’v completed #portal2! HUZAH! Great
sense of #accomplishment right now... Until I realise
I’m in work early.... #whoops

i accidentally just finished #Portal2 for the fourth
time... all in one evening. #didntmeantodothat
planning gaming
  doing gaming
completing gaming
 quitting gaming
   not gaming
To bed! But before I do, I’ll leave this here: http://
bit.ly/lH7GTB No #Portal2 references here!

Thank you for going down #steam. I can finally get
some sleep after playing too much #portal2 co-op.

There are some interesting Portal 2 theories out
there. I love it when a game makes you consider
them that deeply after you finish. #portal2
planning gaming
  doing gaming
completing gaming
 quitting gaming
   not gaming
#portal2 is pretty fucking brilliant! Now to watch
       #GameOfThrones with the honey :)
#Finals y u no let me play #Portal2

Going to try writing tonight-having the #Portal2
ending theme stuck in my head won’t help, alas,
entertaining as it is.

I wish I had someone to play #portal2 coop with :(

Hard to believe that Portal 2 players on PS3 haven’t
been able to try online co op yet. Fantastic part of the
game. #portal2
evaluation
     exclamation
  textual reference
user generated content
      commerce
evaluation
     exclamation
  textual reference
user generated content
      commerce
#Portal2 is a most excellent video game!

Creating a new existence of “WTF!”, second only to
punching god in the face for taking the last beer &
pizza! #Portal2 , #Brink , #E3 n June

What a great fucking game. Portal is what games
should be! #portal2 rules!

#Portal2 is as addictive as caffeine. Love me some
GLaDOS snark.
One of the most beautifully poignant moments in
      videogame history: http://t.co/BR7o2i6 ( #Portal2
                          Spoilers)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kPyGvqNn4Y
evaluation
     exclamation
  textual reference
user generated content
      commerce
Portaaaaal ! #portal2 #gamer

FUCK. TURRENTS. #portal2

SPAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACE! #portal2

@XXXXX SPAAAAAAAAAACE!!!! #Portal2
#SuchANerd

Space! Space! I'm in space! Space! #portal2

Finishhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhed! #portal2
#finallythinkingwithportals
evaluation
     exclamation
  textual reference
user generated content
      commerce
I will burn your house down... WITH LEMONS #portal2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2vNuaBQNKE
“We can continue testing for the rest of your life.
After that, I may take up a hobby. Reanimating the
dead, maybe.” #Portal2

“Think of it not as a death trap, but as a death
option!” #portal2

To help you remain calm in the face of almost certain
death, smooth jazz will be deployed in 3...2...1...
#portal2

“I know how humans make more humans and,
frankly, it’s ridiculous.” #GLaDOS #Portal2
GLaDOS & Chell http://twitpic.com/
       4vy087 #Portal2
Ooooh they were supposed to get Richard Aoyade for Wheatley!!
     But Stephen Merchant's pretty good too :D #portal2
evaluation
     exclamation
  textual reference
user generated content
      commerce
RT @hydeandgeek: Portal 2's Atlas and P-body in
  LEGO form: http://tumblr.com/x2f2gqweqc
              #Portal2 #Portal
My birthday companion
  cube cake #portal2
 #hugesuccess http://
 twitpic.com/4w0x74
Whoah! It looks like #Portal2 is releasing their
authoring tools? http://cot.ag/kWbasi #FB

Hell yes, couldn’t come any sooner, SDK beta http://
www.thinkwithportals.com/blog.php?id=5443&p=1
#Portal2

Niiiice! Valve releases Authoring Tools for #Portal2
Time to make levels with many, many companion
cubes. http://ow.ly/4REy6

FREE Portal 2 SDK/Authoring tools now available on
Steam :-) #portal2
evaluation
     exclamation
  textual reference
user generated content
      commerce
LOOOL http://store.valvesoftware.com/product.php?
     i=CP201 #PORTAL2 (cc @limitedmage )
Just took advantage of @gamestopcanada’s awesome
trade in deal and got #portal2 free by trading in
#oblivion and #bulletstorm :)

LOOOL http://store.valvesoftware.com/product.php?
i=CP201 #PORTAL2 (cc @XXXXX )
Minerva’s Den (#Bioshock2) is 50% off this week!
Finally bought it, as a result. I’ll get to it after I beat
#Portal2. Still ... EXCITED!

Get Portal2 game at http://greatgamingprices.com
#portal2 #xbox
@thinkgeek Where are these missing #portal2 action
figures? These robots? We must have these figures
back!
Tweets are not part of games
   but construct gaming
Talk by tweet shares:


     Gaming experience
      Gaming process
        Enthusiasm
   Game-related resources
Gaming practice takes places outside the games
A ‘practice’ (Praktik) is a routinized type of
  behaviour which consists of several elements,
  interconnected to one other: forms of bodily
  activities, forms of mental activities, ‘things’ and
  their use, a background knowledge in the form of
  understanding, know-how, states of emotion and
  motivational knowledge.
                                                                   Reckwitz (2002: 249)




Reckwitz A., 2002. ‘Toward a theory of social practices: a development in culturalist theorizing’,
European Journal of Social Theory, 5(2), 243-63.
homo economicus
                    homo sociologicus
                      homo ludens
   ‘There is nothing particularly magic about the
   magic circle, it is, rather mundane.’ (Crawford,2009: 2)



Crawford, G., 2009. ‘Forget the magic circle (or towards a sociology of video games)’,
Under the Mask 2009, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, 5th June 2009.
Harvey Sacks   Erving Goffman   Harold Garfinkel



 The mundane has to be accomplished,
      renewed and maintained.
‘   Interconnectedness’
Bigger the individual gamers
    More than the game
     Includes non-play
 Defines gaming as practice
http://www.scribd.com/jason_rutter
     http://www.slideshare.net/Jasieboy
     http://madebyjase.com/

     @JaseRutter
     @DigiplayProject



Jason Rutter
School of Mass Communications Research
Catholic University of Leuven
Leuven 3000
Belgium

Jason.Rutter@soc.kuleuven.be

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Portal 2 Twitter Analysis Reveals Gamers and Players

  • 1. Jason Rutter School of Mass Communications Research Catholic University of Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium Jason.Rutter@soc.kuleuven.be Finding Gamers in 140 characters Talk of games on Twitter
  • 2.
  • 3. Not all players are gamers...
  • 4. 60 Aarseth Ludology 45 Juul Player/s 30 Crawford Exp 15 Psychology Barlett & Anderson Sociology Bushman & Gibson Bryce & Rutter 0 0 15 30 45 60 Gamer/s Aarseth, E. 2003. ‘Playing Research: Methodological approaches to game analysis’ Barlett, C.P. and Anderson, C.A., 2009. ‘Violent video games and public policy’ Bushman, B. J., & Gibson, B., 2011. ‘Violent video games cause an increase in aggression long after the game has been turned off’ Bryce, J. and Rutter, J., 2003. ‘Gender dynamics and the social and spatial organization of computer gaming’ Crawford, G., 2006. ‘The cult of Champ Man: The culture and pleasures of Championship Manager/Football Manager gamers’ Juul, J., 2008. ‘The magic circle and the puzzle piece’
  • 5. ‘The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied’ Becker, 1963: 9 Becker, H., 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance
  • 6. gamer ‘The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied’
  • 7. The concept of a ‘magic circle,’ which is based on a clear separation between ‘play reality’ and ‘everyday reality,’ does not apply. For these gamers, digital play was often a routine activity intertwined with other everyday routines. Kallio et al. (2010: 2) Kallio, K.P., Mayra, F. and Kaipainen, K., 2010. ‘At least nine ways to play: Approaching gamer mentalities’, Games and Culture
  • 8. For these gamers, digital play was often a routine activity intertwined with other everyday routines.
  • 9. Harvey Sacks Erving Goffman Harold Garfinkel
  • 10. ‘organized artful practices of everyday life.’ (Garfinkel, 1986: 309) Garfinkel, H., 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology
  • 11.
  • 12. Not all players are gamers... All #Portal2 single player campaign achievements done... Now i need @XXXXX to find some time to destroy the co-op wit me I just saved science #portal2 co-op completed. Now for single player fun to begin . . . Just finished #Portal2 single player. heheh... Hilarious! :) I want to throw out a few fav quotes, but @XXXXX hasn’t finished yet!
  • 13. Not all players are gamers... 11 users of ‘player’: 12 uses of ‘gamer’ 6 uses of ‘gamer’ in usernames 1 in hashtag #gamer 1 in url 1 as ‘gamertag’
  • 14. Not all players are gamers... Hard to believe that Portal 2 players on PS3 haven't been able to try online co op yet. Fantastic part of the game. #portal2 Watching a #Portal2 Let’s Play and this guy is a competant player that knows when to shut up. Awesome. Scratch that about the competence. This guy have a problem with puzzles. #Portal2’
  • 15. We are gamers - they are players
  • 17. planning gaming doing gaming completing gaming quitting gaming not gaming
  • 18. planning gaming doing gaming completing gaming quitting gaming not gaming
  • 19. I got #Portal2 :-) http:// dailybooth.com/u/ 9ctto
  • 20. About to play #portal2 I have no doubt in my mind that it will be good but I think the term epic needs to fuck off and die I imagine there’s going to be a huge crush of people trying to play #mortalkombat and #portal2 when #PSN is turned on again. Good luck! Very intrigued by this #Portal2 game. Might have to pick that one up. Watching some of the previous series’ #DoctorWho, then hopefully I can find someone to play some #Portal2 co-op with me!
  • 21. planning gaming doing gaming completing gaming quitting gaming not gaming
  • 22. Listening and playing The National - Exile Vilify - this is for a video game soundtrack. Yup. wudr.udayton.edu #WUDR #Portal2
  • 23. For 6+ hr flight to LA. Screw the ridiculous $5 itunes movie rentals, I’m buying #Portal2. Just hope the plane has a power outlet. #Portal2 and a nice #bourbon to end the night. Shit yeah it’s cool. Fact: It is dumb to try to work to #Portal2 soundtrack. Remote & controller are still sittin right here iz too much for my puny human will #Portal2 and #Food and #LOST and #Tattoos and #Food. Awesome night. Would only be better with a cutie to talk to. Heeeeeeee =}
  • 24. planning gaming doing gaming completing gaming quitting gaming not gaming
  • 25. Just beat #portal2 http://twitpic.com/4w0aea
  • 26. Just completed #Portal2 single player on #Xbox. Fantastic game well worthy of all the critical acclaim it’s received. A 10/10 for me too Finished #Portal2. I thought it was very good, not too short, but I’m slow and took a week break in middle of playing! Its late... But I’v completed #portal2! HUZAH! Great sense of #accomplishment right now... Until I realise I’m in work early.... #whoops i accidentally just finished #Portal2 for the fourth time... all in one evening. #didntmeantodothat
  • 27. planning gaming doing gaming completing gaming quitting gaming not gaming
  • 28. To bed! But before I do, I’ll leave this here: http:// bit.ly/lH7GTB No #Portal2 references here! Thank you for going down #steam. I can finally get some sleep after playing too much #portal2 co-op. There are some interesting Portal 2 theories out there. I love it when a game makes you consider them that deeply after you finish. #portal2
  • 29. planning gaming doing gaming completing gaming quitting gaming not gaming
  • 30. #portal2 is pretty fucking brilliant! Now to watch #GameOfThrones with the honey :)
  • 31. #Finals y u no let me play #Portal2 Going to try writing tonight-having the #Portal2 ending theme stuck in my head won’t help, alas, entertaining as it is. I wish I had someone to play #portal2 coop with :( Hard to believe that Portal 2 players on PS3 haven’t been able to try online co op yet. Fantastic part of the game. #portal2
  • 32. evaluation exclamation textual reference user generated content commerce
  • 33. evaluation exclamation textual reference user generated content commerce
  • 34. #Portal2 is a most excellent video game! Creating a new existence of “WTF!”, second only to punching god in the face for taking the last beer & pizza! #Portal2 , #Brink , #E3 n June What a great fucking game. Portal is what games should be! #portal2 rules! #Portal2 is as addictive as caffeine. Love me some GLaDOS snark.
  • 35. One of the most beautifully poignant moments in videogame history: http://t.co/BR7o2i6 ( #Portal2 Spoilers) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kPyGvqNn4Y
  • 36. evaluation exclamation textual reference user generated content commerce
  • 37. Portaaaaal ! #portal2 #gamer FUCK. TURRENTS. #portal2 SPAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACE! #portal2 @XXXXX SPAAAAAAAAAACE!!!! #Portal2 #SuchANerd Space! Space! I'm in space! Space! #portal2 Finishhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhed! #portal2 #finallythinkingwithportals
  • 38. evaluation exclamation textual reference user generated content commerce
  • 39. I will burn your house down... WITH LEMONS #portal2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2vNuaBQNKE
  • 40. “We can continue testing for the rest of your life. After that, I may take up a hobby. Reanimating the dead, maybe.” #Portal2 “Think of it not as a death trap, but as a death option!” #portal2 To help you remain calm in the face of almost certain death, smooth jazz will be deployed in 3...2...1... #portal2 “I know how humans make more humans and, frankly, it’s ridiculous.” #GLaDOS #Portal2
  • 41. GLaDOS & Chell http://twitpic.com/ 4vy087 #Portal2
  • 42. Ooooh they were supposed to get Richard Aoyade for Wheatley!! But Stephen Merchant's pretty good too :D #portal2
  • 43. evaluation exclamation textual reference user generated content commerce
  • 44. RT @hydeandgeek: Portal 2's Atlas and P-body in LEGO form: http://tumblr.com/x2f2gqweqc #Portal2 #Portal
  • 45. My birthday companion cube cake #portal2 #hugesuccess http:// twitpic.com/4w0x74
  • 46. Whoah! It looks like #Portal2 is releasing their authoring tools? http://cot.ag/kWbasi #FB Hell yes, couldn’t come any sooner, SDK beta http:// www.thinkwithportals.com/blog.php?id=5443&p=1 #Portal2 Niiiice! Valve releases Authoring Tools for #Portal2 Time to make levels with many, many companion cubes. http://ow.ly/4REy6 FREE Portal 2 SDK/Authoring tools now available on Steam :-) #portal2
  • 47. evaluation exclamation textual reference user generated content commerce
  • 48. LOOOL http://store.valvesoftware.com/product.php? i=CP201 #PORTAL2 (cc @limitedmage )
  • 49. Just took advantage of @gamestopcanada’s awesome trade in deal and got #portal2 free by trading in #oblivion and #bulletstorm :) LOOOL http://store.valvesoftware.com/product.php? i=CP201 #PORTAL2 (cc @XXXXX ) Minerva’s Den (#Bioshock2) is 50% off this week! Finally bought it, as a result. I’ll get to it after I beat #Portal2. Still ... EXCITED! Get Portal2 game at http://greatgamingprices.com #portal2 #xbox @thinkgeek Where are these missing #portal2 action figures? These robots? We must have these figures back!
  • 50. Tweets are not part of games but construct gaming
  • 51. Talk by tweet shares: Gaming experience Gaming process Enthusiasm Game-related resources
  • 52. Gaming practice takes places outside the games
  • 53. A ‘practice’ (Praktik) is a routinized type of behaviour which consists of several elements, interconnected to one other: forms of bodily activities, forms of mental activities, ‘things’ and their use, a background knowledge in the form of understanding, know-how, states of emotion and motivational knowledge. Reckwitz (2002: 249) Reckwitz A., 2002. ‘Toward a theory of social practices: a development in culturalist theorizing’, European Journal of Social Theory, 5(2), 243-63.
  • 54. homo economicus homo sociologicus homo ludens ‘There is nothing particularly magic about the magic circle, it is, rather mundane.’ (Crawford,2009: 2) Crawford, G., 2009. ‘Forget the magic circle (or towards a sociology of video games)’, Under the Mask 2009, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, 5th June 2009.
  • 55. Harvey Sacks Erving Goffman Harold Garfinkel The mundane has to be accomplished, renewed and maintained.
  • 56. Interconnectedness’ Bigger the individual gamers More than the game Includes non-play Defines gaming as practice
  • 57. http://www.scribd.com/jason_rutter http://www.slideshare.net/Jasieboy http://madebyjase.com/ @JaseRutter @DigiplayProject Jason Rutter School of Mass Communications Research Catholic University of Leuven Leuven 3000 Belgium Jason.Rutter@soc.kuleuven.be