20. Hyperaemia
An active process resulting from increased
volume of blood from arterial and arteriolar
dilatation.
Eg: Inflammation
21. Congestion
A passive process resulting from dilatation of
veins and capillaries due to impaired venous
drainage
Local venous congestion eg-portal venous
obstruction
Systemic venous congestion eg-left sided
and right sided heart failure
24. MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE:
Vessel of alveolar septa are dilated and congested
Rupture of dilated and congested capillaries results in intra-alveolar
hemorrhage.
Heart failure cells – alveolar macrophage with yellow-brown
haemosiderin pigment.
29. Microscopy:
Central veins and sinusoids are distended with blood.
Centrilobular hepatocytes shows degeneration and atrophy
Central hemorrhagic necrosis
Peripheral hepatocytes shows fatty change.