2. • Cancer is a large group of
diseases (over 200)
characterized by
uncontrolled growth and
spread of abnormal cells.*
What Is Cancer?
*American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2005
3. Normal Cells Vs. Cancer Cells
• Cancer cells:
– Lose control over growth
and multiplication
– Do not self-destruct when
they become worn out or
damaged
– Crowd out healthy cells
5. Growth of Cancer Cells
• Size of cancer cells:
– One million
cancer cells =
head of a pin
– One billion
cancer cells = a
small grape
– 230 =
1,073,741,824
= 1 billion cells
2-6 weeks
Cancer cells reproduce
every 2-6 weeks.
2-6 weeks
2-6 weeks
8. Environmental factors
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• Dietary Factors
• Occupational exposures
• Viruses
• Parasites
• Customs ,habits, Lifestyles
• Others – sunlight, pollution,
drugs
Genetic
Eg
• Retinoblastoma in Children
• Leukemia in Mongols
CAUSES OF CANCER
9. Lifestyle Risks
• Smoking
• Diet high fat and low in
fruits and vegetables
• Lack of exercise
• Unprotected exposure to
the sun, (UV) rays
• Obesity
11. Inherited Risks
• Less than 15% of
cancers are inherited
• Gene mutations are
linked to some inherited
cancers
• Cancers that may be
caused by inherited
gene mutations are:
– Colon cancer
– Breast cancer
– Ovarian
– Prostate cancer
– Skin cancer
12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Early cancer no symptoms
• Change in bowel habits or bladder functions
• Sores that do not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Lumps or thickening of breast or other parts of
the body
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Recent change in wart or mole
• Persistent coughing or hoarseness
13. TYPES OF CANCER
• lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Colon and rectal cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Prostrate cancer
• Thyroid cancer
• leukemia
19. Preventive measures of Cancer
o physical activities
o avoiding obesities
o healthy dietary practices
o reducing occupational and environmental exposures
o reducing alcohol uses
o immunization against hepatitis B virus
o safe sexual practices for avoiding cancer genesis
20. Fruits and Vegetables Decrease
Cancer Risks
• Cancer rates could
decline by up to 20%
if everyone consumed
5 fruits and vegetables
a day!*
• Cancer fighting
substances:
– Antioxidants
– Dietary fiber
– Carotenoids
– Flavenoids
*American Institute for Cancer Research, 1998.
21. Limit Alcohol to No More Than
• Avoid alcohol drinking
• Use of unnecessary
drugs
• Protect relationship---
disease is NOT a friend
22. Avoid Smoking or Chewing
Tobacco
• Cigarette smoking is the
leading cause of preventable
death
• Second hand smoke affects
everyone
26. Bangladesh
• Bangladesh has reduced child mortality by 71% against
2015 MDGs target of 66%.
• Non- Communicable diseases (NCD) are major disease
burden on health systems.
• Cancer, Cardiovascular , Kidney diseases are following
the top 10 list
• Urban pop will need more comprehensive and
specialized services
• Lack of specialized health facilities and trained
professionals that complicated health services
• Patients are ready to pay for quality services