2. 2
ECHOES product Line
Sub-Bottom Profiling is a mean to acoustically form vertical images of the sub-soil.
It traditionally differs from reflection seismic in the way that:
Higher frequencies are used to obtain thinner vertical resolution
Pulse modulation – chirp – is used to bring an additional gain to data
While using chirp pulse modulation to obtain optimal data quality, IXSEA employs
particular transducer types to reach lower frequencies and thus deeper
penetration.
IXSEA has an extensive experience in developing high-quality sub-bottom profilers,
they are now available in a complete product family: ECHOES.
3. 3
The great dilemma : Resolution versus Penetration
Selectinga sub-bottom profiler is a trade-off between higher resolution and deeper
penetration. Still, it is possible to balance between those using different sensors
and software technologies
10kHZ 5kHZ
4. 4
ECHOES Range
ECHOES is a range of wide-band chirp Sub-Bottom Profilers
From very-low frequency and deep penetration model to very high resolution systems.
Special acoustic designs provide lower frequencies than conventional chirp SBPs
The transducer quality results in flat-spectrum output (within 3dB) over the entire
bandwidth, thus allowing fully tuneable pulse models and optimal efficiency.
5. 5
Transducer Design – Tonpilz Transducer
Tonpilz Transducer:
Stack of ceramic rings
Heavy tail mass
ECHOES 3500 ECHOES 10000
Light radiating head mass
The ceramic rings are compressed between the tail and head
6. 6
Transducer Design - Janus Helmholtz
Janus Helmholtz:
Two Tonpilz transducers mounted back to back.
Cylindrical housing creates Helmholtz cavity. ECHOES 1500 ECHOES 5000
Helmholtz resonance caused by fluid inertia.
Helmotz resonance extends the operating frequency of the transducer at the low
end of the spectrum, while having a compact design.
Typical Signal Level response of a transducer.
7. 7
Chirp technology
• Correlation process – Matched Filtering - improves the signal to noise ratio
• Additional gain, referred as processing gain, is defined as:
PG = 10 log (B * T)
where :
• B = bandwidth of the pulse
• T = pulse length
Examples:
a) Pulse definition
• ECHOES 1500: B = 2850 Hz T=100ms PG=24dB
• ECHOES 5000: B = 5500 Hz T=50ms PG=24dB
b) Measured Emitted Acoustic power:
• ECHOES 1500: 201dB re 1 μPa at 1m
• ECHOES 5000: 203dB re 1 μPa at 1m
c) Results
• ECHOES 1500 has an apparent acoustic power of 225dB
• ECHOES 5000 has an apparent acoustic power of 227dB
8. 8
Resolution of conventional systems
Fora monochromatic Sub-Bottom Profiler system such as a boomer or a sparker,
the resolution may be calculated by:
R=C*L
Where:
R = Resolution (m)
C = sound speed (1470 m/s)
L = Pulse Length (s)
Typical boomer:
At low energy, 120 µs pulse
Resolution = 17 cm
More often resolution in the range of 25 cm.
The longer the pulse, the worst the resolution
9. 9
Resolution of Chirp systems
Resolution is function of the sweep bandwidth
R=C/2*B
Where
• B= bandwidth of the pulse (Hz)
• C= Sound speed (1470 m/s)
10. 10
Improve the resolution: Enlarge the bandwidth ...
OneJanus-Helmholtz transducer has 3 kHz bandwidth around 3000 Hz.
Mounting three tuned transducer increase the bandwidth up to 8000 Hz
11. 11
Improve the penetration: Increase the power ...
Boomer
200J= 212dB
26cm resolution.
Increasingthe Power of a boomer
adversely impacts resolution.
ECHOES 1500
223dB
27cm resolution
ECHOES 5000
227dB
13 cm resolution
Increasing ECHOES power has no
effect on resolution.
12. 12
Improve the quality: Choose the best deployment
Hull/Pole Mount
Advantages
Fixed installation
Motion compensation
Multi-Ping
Limitation factors:
Sea State
Water-depth
Surface Tow
Advantages
Easy deployment
No sea surface reflection
Disadvantages
Motion
Vessel Noise
“Deep Tow”
Advantages
No Vessel Noise
Reduced Motion
Disadvantages
Winch and Cable
Sea Surface Reflections
13. 13
DELPH Seismic Acquisition Software
A New Philosophy
ONLINE Acquisition systems are generally under utilised.
Only need basic signal processing to monitor the
Acquisition quality of the gathered data.
Extreme processing during acquisition can hide poor
quality data, that may only come to light when it is too
Storage late to do anything about it.
Acquisition systems must be reliable.
QC The more features a software product has the larger
the code base needs to be and inevitably there is
more potential for bugs. Bugs are really bad in
acquisition. Vessel time is expensive!
OFFLINE
Keep the acquisition simple.
Processing
Keeping the acquisition simple involves a separate
package dedicated to processing and interpretation.
Interpretation
It no more needs a scrolling waterfall display …
16. 16
DELPH Seismic Processing & Interpretation Software
Whole line approach for processing
Processing is no more linked to data replay.
Escape from the Change-Replay- Change-Replay- Change-Replay- cycle …
Processing changes can be done on the displayed area or the whole line without
scrolling
Whole line approach for interpretation
Zoom from sample resolution to large geological features on-screen
Speed-Corrected and Geo-Referenced profile to perform thickness, slope measurements
Direct access to geo-referenced data at any scale
The processing and interpretation software
is no more based on an acquisition package
25. 25
Evolution
IXSEA masters a broad range of subsea technologies:
Inertial navigation and motion sensing
Acoustic positioning
Acoustic imaging systems (sonars, sub-bottom profilers)
Software
To higher data quality in standard products or fully integrated system.
ECHOES 1500 ECHOES 3500 ECHOES 5000