- Design and costing Kelly Beninga, Global Director, Renewable Energy, WORLEYPARSONS GROUP

1. Advances in Molten Salt
Thermal Storage
Kelly Beninga - Global Director, Renewable Energy
Presentation to IntertechPIRA CSTP Conference
May 5, 2010

2. 38 countries | 118 offices |
32,200 project services personnel
Power Infrastructure & Minerals & Metals Hydrocarbons
Coal Environment Base Metals Fixed Offshore Production
Advanced Coal Resource Infrastructure Coal Facilities
Gas Turbine Based Plants Urban Infrastructure Chemicals Floating & Deepwater Solutions
Nuclear Coastal & Marine Ferrous Metals Offshore & Onshore Pipelines
Renewable Energy Water & Wastewater Alumina & Systems
(Solar, Wind, Biomass, Transport Aluminium Onshore Oil & Gas Production
Geothermal) Environment Iron Ore Facilities
Transmission Networks Gas Cleaning Heavy Oil & Oil Sands
LNG Liquefaction
& Re-gasification
WorleyParsons is one of the world’s largest engineering and project delivery firms, servicing the Refining & Petrochemicals
global energy and infrastructure markets. We have the track record, technical expertise, project
Sulphur Management
delivery systems, and resource depth to deliver a comprehensive range of solutions to clients,
Specialty Capabilities
customized to meet the needs of any project spanning the full spectrum of a project’s life cycle.
2

3. Office Locations
Europe
Canada 2,200
8,450
Middle East
2,350
Africa
850 Asia
Americas 4,800
5,750
Australia/New Zealand
7,800
38 countries 118 offices 32,200 project services personnel
3

4. Utility-Scale Renewable Energy
Engineering Services
currently
 Current global experience includes 144 projects
– Concentrating Solar Thermal Power 35 9000+
– Solar Photovoltaic 13 MW of utility-scale
renewable energy projects
– Wind (on and off-shore) 45
– Biomass power 41
– Geothermal 8
4

5. Utility Scale Solar Power Experience
 Over 5000 MW in Design with multiple molten salt
storage projects
 Current Solar projects in:
– Parabolic Trough
– Central Receiver
– Linear Fresnel
– Photovoltaic (Concentrating PV, Flat-plate tracking or fixed
PV)
 CSP Customers include:
– NextLight – Ausra
– NextEra – Iberdrola
– BrightSource Energy – SMUD
– BP Alternative Energy – PG&E
– Solar Reserve - Nevada Power
– Cogentrix
Locations:
– California – Australia
– New Mexico – Spain
– Arizona – Abu Dhabi
– Nevada - Chile
– Florida
– Hawaii
5

6. Types of Molten Salt Thermal Storage
 Eutectic mixture of 60% NaNO3/ 40% KNO3 salt
 Two Tank Direct – Salt from cold tank heated directly in
solar receiver, then directed to hot tank
 Two Tank Indirect – Secondary heat transfer fluid is
heated in solar receiver then heat is transferred to salt
for storage
 Single-Tank Thermocline - A single tank for storing
both the hot and cold fluid is used, with the hot fluid on
top and the cold fluid on the bottom. Most of the salt can
be replaced with a low-cost filler material
6

7. Two-Tank Direct Molten Salt Storage
(SolarReserve)
7

8. Two Tank Indirect Molten Salt Storage
8

9. Single Tank Thermocline Storage
9

10. Storage System Cost Comparison
10

11. Solar Millennium - Andasol 1 Experience
 Andasol 1 - 50 MW trough plant in Spain includes the first
commercial molten salt storage system
 Two-tank indirect system uses 7.5 hrs, 1010 MW-hrs of
storage
11

12. Thermocline Storage Demonstration
 Sandia National Laboratories has demonstrated a 2.5-
MWhr, backed-bed thermocline storage system
 quartzite rock and sand filler material
 Additional test loop planned at SolarTAC in Colorado
12

13. Molten Salt Storage Scale-up
 Storage tank size currently limited to Andasol
dimensions (14m H x 37m D), 1010 MW-hr
 Modularization used to scale up storage size
 4 to 6 tanks used for larger (250 MW+) plants
 Larger salt pumps required
13

14. NextLight/ WorleyParsons
Agua Caliente 250 MW
14

15. APS/Abengoa - Solana 280 MW Plant
15

16. Salt Freezing
 Commercially available salts freeze at relatively high
temperatures 120 to 220°C (250-430°F).
 Special care must be taken to ensure that the salt does
not freeze in the solar field piping during the night
 Salt freezing is a bigger issue for troughs than central
receivers
 The Italian research laboratory, ENEA, has proven the
technical feasibility of using molten-salt in a parabolic
trough solar field with a salt mixture that freezes at
220°C (430°F)
 Sandia National Laboratories are developing new salt
mixtures with the potential for freeze points below 100°C
(212°F)
16

17. Sandia Advanced Salts
 Patent application S-112,575, Low-Melting Point Inorganic Nitrate Salt Heat
Transfer Fluid, R. W. Bradshaw and D. A. Brosseau, allowed Dec. 2008, in
USPO review.
 Second application S-114-222, Low Melting Point Heat Transfer Fluid, filed Dec.
2008, Cordaro and Bradshaw
17

18. DOE Sponsored Research
18

19. DOE Baseload Solicitation
•Goal: develop CSP system capable of competing in the baseload
power market by 2020 to
•displace coal, a major source of CO2 emissions
•Budget: $15M in FY10, $52M total over 5 years
•Requirements:
•Systems must have a capacity factor of 75% (10+ hours of storage)
•Cost of competing power estimated at 8-9 cents/kWh (assuming
restriction on coal
•emissions requires sequestration that raises cost of coal power)
•At least 85% of electricity must come from CSP
•Design concepts of 100 MW or greater
–
19

20. Rocketdyne/ DOE Research
20

21. SENER/ Torresol Energy
21

22. Salt Storage Financial Considerations
 Use of storage in Spain driven by somewhat artificial
market factors – 50 MW size limitation
 Financial viability in US dependant on storage cost,
utility time-of-day pricing and capacity credit
 Storage costs range from $50 to $125 per kW-hr
 Escalating salt costs
 Molten salt central receiver storage currently lower
cost than trough because of direct heating, larger
temperature band
 Storage cost reductions needed to
support cost effectiveness of CSP
22

23. Contact Us
WorleyParsons can support all your
renewable energy needs
Kelly Beninga Bill Pietrucha, PE
Global Director Project Manager
Renewable Energy Solar Power
+ 303 928 4242 + 916 817 3985
+ 916 599 9933 mobile + 916 719 2521 mobile
kelly.beninga@worleyparsons.com bill.pietrucha@worleyparsons.com
23