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Protecng Mobile Apps and security in the context of Bring Your Own Device Shane Williams Alex Batlin

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InfoQ.com: News & Community Site• 750,000 unique visitors/month• Published in 4 languages (English, Chinese, Japanese and BrazilianPortuguese)• Post content from our QCon conferences• News 15-20 / week• Articles 3-4 / week• Presentations (videos) 12-15 / week• Interviews 2-3 / week• Books 1 / monthWatch the video with slidesynchronization on InfoQ.com!http://www.infoq.com/presentations/mobile-security-byod

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Presented at QCon Londonwww.qconlondon.comPurpose of QCon- to empower software development by facilitating the spread ofknowledge and innovationStrategy- practitioner-driven conference designed for YOU: influencers ofchange and innovation in your teams- speakers and topics driving the evolution and innovation- connecting and catalyzing the influencers and innovatorsHighlights- attended by more than 12,000 delegates since 2007- held in 9 cities worldwide

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THE BASICS AND BACKGROUND

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Basics – Security is the same Confiden9ality LOSS = unauthorized disclosure of informa9on.

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Basics – Security is the same Availability LOSS = disrup9on of access to or use of informa9on or an informa9on system.

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Basics – Security is the same Integrity LOSS = unauthorized modifica9on or destruc9on of informa9on

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Basics – Security is the same Confiden9ality Integrity Availability LOSS = unauthorized disclosure of informa9on. LOSS = unauthorized modifica9on or destruc9on of informa9on LOSS = disrup9on of access to or use of informa9on or an informa9on system.

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Mobile Threat Model WEB Cloud Storage App Stores Websites Web Services Corp Networks Hardware Radio, GPS, Sensor OS Kernel, Drivers, FS Run9me Libs, Deps, VM’s Apps Card reader Sensors Laptop Peer Device Payments Laptop 802.11 NFC Bluetooth SMS Voice Carrier Network Local Network (Wi-­‐Fi, VPN, etc) OWASP Trust Boundary CORP CONS BUILTIN

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Threat paths Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Weakness Weakness

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Threat paths Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Weakness Weakness Ø Mo9va9on Ø Financial Ø Poli9cal Ø Publicity Threat-­‐Source

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Threat paths Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Weakness Weakness Threat-­‐ Source A]ack A]ack A]ack

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Threat paths Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Weakness Weakness Threat-­‐ Source A]ack A]ack A]ack

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Threat paths Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Weakness Weakness Threat-­‐ Source A]ack A]ack A]ack

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Threat paths Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Weakness Weakness Threat-­‐ Source A]ack A]ack A]ack 0wned

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Threat paths Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Weakness Weakness Threat-­‐ Source A]ack A]ack A]ack Func9on Impact

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Threat paths A]ack A]ack A]ack Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Asset Func9on Asset Impact Impact Impact Weakness Weakness Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts © 2002-­‐2013 OWASP Founda3on Threat-­‐ Source

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Threat paths A]ack A]ack A]ack Weakness Weakness Control Control Control Asset Func9on Asset Impact Impact Impact Weakness Weakness Threat Agents A]ack Vectors Security Weaknesses (Vulnerabili9es) Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts Threat-­‐ Source

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Top 10 Mobile Risks ? The poten3al that a given threat will exploit vulnerabili3es of an asset or group of assets and thereby cause harm to the organiza3on. ISO 13335 – Informa9on Technology Security Techniques

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Top 10 Mobile Risks 1. Insecure Data Storage 2. Weak Server Side Controls 3. Insufficient Transport Layer Protec9on 4. Client Side Injec9on 5. Poor Authoriza9on and Authen9ca9on 6. Improper Session Handling 7. Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs 8. Side Channel Data Leakage 9. Broken Cryptography 10. Sensi9ve Informa9on Disclosure The Open Web Applica9on Security Project (OWASP) -­‐ Mobile Security Project Data at rest control Bypass client to a]ack Over-­‐the-­‐wire XSS, etc. Low factors Allow Hijacking Keyboards Listening, in-­‐Sophis9cated Easily breakable, WEP Data leakage, Social

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A]acks

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A]acks

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A]acks

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A]acks S R S R Eavesdrop/Copy Stop/Delay/Modify A]ack Confiden9ality A]ack Integrity S R Masquerade/ Assume iden9ty/Authen9city S R Destroy channel, corrupt, overwhelm A]ack Availability

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Ø Eavesdropping Ø No Physical Boundaries Ø Tracing/Tracking Ø Device Capture S R A]ack Confiden9ality

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S R A]ack Integrity S R Ø SSL Stripping Ø Reputa9on Ø Fraud (Monetary/Iden9ty) Ø Browser icons common

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S R A]ack Availability Ø Distributed Denial of Service Ø Bandwidth Constraints Ø Interference and Jamming

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Recent Real World Examples • Feb 2013 – Watering Hole a]ack • Notable and news worthy

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SECURITY CONTROLS

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Security controls Plakorm Controls Custom Controls

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Custom controls BYOD Personal Data Company Data LOA2+ Client Data Employee Data

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NIST Levels of assurance Level of Assurance Data Classificaon Data Examples Cumulave Authencaon Requirements Authencaon Examples L0 – No knowledge of iden9ty. Public Anonymous Public Website None Public website L1 -­‐ Li]le or no confidence in the asserted iden9ty’s validity. Public Public discussion forum One of any factor Username + password i.e. something you know L2 -­‐ Some confidence in the asserted iden9ty’s validity. Internal Team process documents in SharePoint One of any factor Verified iden9ty Username + password i.e. something you know, checked against company HR controlled LDAP directory. L3 -­‐ High confidence in the asserted iden9ty’s validity. Confiden9al Company strategy presenta9on Two or more of any factor Password protected X509 son cer9ficate, is both something you have and something you know. L4 -­‐Very high confidence in the asserted iden9ty’s validity. Strictly Confiden9al Client or employee iden9fying documents Two or more factors One hard FIPS 140-­‐2 token Independent reader Password protected smartcard over reader with bu]on Factors: something you know(username, password), you have (smartcard), you are (fingerprints)

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Control categories Secure Boot Code Protec9on Data Protec9on Mobile Management Server Protec9on

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Secure Boot – Apple Example Ø Protec9ng low level to create start of a chain of trust Ø Processor boots from read-­‐only boot ROM – trusted – Protects Integrity Ø Contains the Apple Root CA Ø Verifies Low-­‐Level boot loader is signed by Apple Ø Secure boot chain ensures lowest levels of sonware are tamper free Ø Boot process ensures only Apple signed code can run on the device Ø Jailbreaks have exploited boot loader vulnerabili9es OS Par99on Kernel Crypto Engine Device Key Group Key Apple Root Cer9ficate Encrypted File System User Par99on App Sandbox Sonware Hardware and Firmware

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Code Protec9on Plakorm Signed applica9on Ve]ed applica9ons ASLR Applica9on sandboxing

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Code Protec9on Custom Sta9c code analysis Code obfusca9on Jailbreak Detec9on Trusted Execu9on Environment An9-­‐malware

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Code Protec9on Plakorm Signed applica9on Ve]ed applica9ons ASLR Applica9on sandboxing Custom Sta9c code analysis Code obfusca9on Jailbreak Detec9on Trusted Execu9on Environment An9-­‐malware

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DATA Protec9on Plakorm User Authen9ca9on Hardware Encryp9on Device VPN

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Data Protec9on -­‐ Encryp9on Hybrid • Symmetric • Asymmetric Homomorphic

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Data protec9on Custom Container FIPS 140-­‐2 Encryp9on Container Tunnels Digital Rights Management Secure Tokens & OS

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Data Protec9on -­‐ Encryp9on Hardware Embedded TPM HSM Standalone (Independent) SmartCard Hypervisor TEE Sonware API OpenSSL

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Data Protec9on -­‐ Encryp9on Keys Effaceable Memory HW Crypto API App Code PKCS#11 over PS/SC

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Data Protec9on -­‐ Authen9ca9on Ease of use Protec9on PIN Freq #1 1234 10.71% #2 1111 6.02% #3 0000 1.88% #4 1212 1.20% #5 7777 0.75% #6 1004 0.62% #7 2000 0.61% #8 4444 0.53% #9 2222 0.52% #10 6969 0.51% #11 9999 0.45% #12 3333 0.42% #13 5555 0.40% #14 6666 0.39% #15 1122 0.37% #16 1313 0.30% #17 8888 0.30% #18 4321 0.29% #19 2001 0.29% #20 1010 0.29% #22 = 2580 ? No Password Long Password Top 20 used pins…do you have one?

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Data Protec9on -­‐ Authen9ca9on Basic (1FA) PIN Password Cryptographic (MFA) Son Cer9ficate Hard Token (OTP/SC) Biometrics

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Data Protec9on -­‐ Authen9ca9on Mutual Nego9ated SSO Federated Delegated

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Data protec9on Plakorm User Authen9ca9on Hardware Encryp9on Device VPN Custom Container FIPS 140-­‐2 Encryp9on Container Tunnels Digital Rights Management Secure Tokens & OS

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Mobile Management Plakorm Mobile Device Management

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Mobile Management Custom Mobile Applica9on Management Mobile Hypervisor Management

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Mobile Management Plakorm Mobile Device Management Custom Mobile Applica9on Management Mobile Hypervisor Management

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Securing Access to Services Reverse Proxy Applica9on Server Internet

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Securing Access to Services Ø Risk Assessment

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Securing Access to Services Ø Black Hats and White Hats

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Securing Access to Services Ø Penetra9on Test

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Closing Thoughts Ø You get a lot without trying on mobile plakorm Ø You have to spend the effort on the controls (Client / Server) Ø Technology is improving to support security

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Thank You! And Stay Safe Shane Williams Alex Batlin