100 million Indians drink unsafe water and only 31% have improved sanitation facilities. This leads to health and economic issues, with 37 million affected by water-borne diseases annually and 1.5 million child deaths from diarrhea alone. Solutions proposed include public toilets connected to biogas plants for energy and manure, as well as water purification methods like harvesting, chlorination, and solar devices. Implementation would involve various levels of government and community participation over 3-4 years to solve sanitation issues for 500 million rural Indians at an estimated total cost of 2 annual Indian budgets.
2. 100 million of Indian population is drinking UNSAFE
DRINKING WATER and also only 31% is using
improved facilities of SANITATION while the rest
remain aloof
37 million people are affected by water borne diseases.
1.5 million children die due to diarrhoea alone.
Economic burden caused due to water borne diseases
is 73 million working days and cost 600 million$ a year.
Inadequate Sanitation costs INDIA Rs. 2.4 Trillion (US$53.8 Billion)
One gram of feces can contain: 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000
bacteria, 1,000 parasite cysts and 100 parasite eggs.
6
9
0
2
4
6
8
10
RURAL URBAN
DRINKING WATER
PROBLEM
79
46
0
20
40
60
80
100
RURAL URBAN
SANITATION PROBLEM
3. Our country is characterized by
non-uniformity in level of awareness.
socio-economic development.
Education.
poverty.
Practices and rituals
85% of population uses GROUND WATER sources.
The problems of chemical contamination is also prevalent
in India with 1,95,813 habitations in the country are
affected by poor water quality.
The major chemical parameters of concern are fluoride
and arsenic
The World Health Organization has called it “the largest
mass poisoning of a population in history,” bigger than the
accidents at Bhopal and Chernobyl.
4. SOLUTION FOR SANITATION:-
Design of Public Toilet
The design given is permanent toilet which can work for
almost 25+ years without any construction maintainance.
Instead of septic tank , a BIOGAS PLANT can be constructed
so that the sewage directly enters the biogas plant.
The BIOGAS plant can provide biofuel for domestic cooking
purposes .
And the remaining waste of the biogas plant can be used as
MANURE for ORGANIC FARMING in the same rural area.
5. The design mentioned is sufficient for nearly 200 people
The construction of these toilets will cost nearly 1 lakh Rs
(except biogas plant)
The workers required for constructing these toilets will be
selected from Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (NREGA)
For constructing one such toilet will require 10 workers for a
period of one month
So for constructing 50 such toilets and the plan will generate an
employment for 500 individuals.
Its maintenance will be carried out by the same people under
NREGA .
The number of such required toilets will be decided according to
the population density of the region .
In urban areas the same design can be constructed just by
building the same in multi floored toilets way.
The funds required can be distributed between the state and the
central.
And for urban region the Mahanagar Palika can also contribute
towards the cause.
6. Solution for Clean Drinking Water:-
Regions where source of water is contaminated the following
natural solution should be used:-
Source of
water far
from locality
Purification technique depending
upon the issue of water in the
different regions
The tanks 1 2 and 3 are
WATER HARVESTING TANKS
Which can be used in rainy
seasons for storage.
7. After this natural purification the chlorination of water
should be done for germical treatment.
If the above source could not be implemented in some
regions then the following chlorinator should be placed in
the locality of the people, and the people should use a drop
Of it for every 10litres for germical treatment.
It costs only 25 Rs per person for 1year
And the chlorinator should be refilled after every regular
period of time.
Or there is a device named solvatten (showen below)
which makes the water drinkable using solar energy
It costs almost 2000 Rs each and it is sufficient for a family
of 5 and works for a period of 10 years.
Some corporates or NGO’s can also help in co-operation
with the government.
8. Purification plant for
treatment in the water
The cost of this plant is only 1500 Rs
Filters can last at least fourteen years
at the present usage rate of one
hundred liters per day, sufficient for a
family of five
Chlorine Dispenser
Should be used where
Sources of water are
pumps or wells so that the
water will not be
contaminated
Purification plant for arsenic
in the water
cost of this plant is only 1500 Rs
Filters can last at least fourteen years
at the present usage rate of one
hundred liters per day, sufficient for a
Should be used where
Sources of water are hand
so that the
9. Our plan will be initiated by central govt. and the
flow of it towards the ground level will be done as
follows:-
CHIEF SECRETARY
OF STATE
CHIEF MINISTER
DEPARTMENTAL
WATER SANITATION
DEPARTMENTAL
SECRETARY
DIVISIONAL
SECRETARY
DISTRICT
COLLECTOR
TEHSILDAR
PANCHAYAT
CO
GROUND LEVEL
TARGET PEOPLE
CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT
10. For calculating the impact or taking the survey
the district collector will be responsible for the
feedback in or surveys in his district .
The feedback/survey will be given by the National
Sample Survey Office (NSSO) , school teacher in the
region, NGO’s in the region .
For creating awareness points related to
sanition and water supply should be included in
school textbooks from 5-10th
std and
the medical students involved in rural
medication should also help in this aspect,
National Service Scheme (NSS) can also help.
If done as per the given guidelines the sanition
problem will get eradicated within 3-4 years
from the point of application for all the 500
million in rural India.
The total cost for sanition can be sanctioned
within 2 annual budget of india.
Prizes should be given to the villages or even
areas in urban cities for Cleanliness and Healthy
environment.
