1. A robust model promoting research and innovation
.
Manthan Topic: Brain Gain
1
Team: Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual property Law, IIT Kharagpur
Team members:
Ashish Kumar Srivastav, Isha Suri, Vishwambara R
Sneh Tiwari, Avinash Kumar Sharma

2. Major concern
 43% percent of investors think that India needs to enhance the quality
of its labs and research.
 38% of Investors cite distance between research institution and industry
as a roadblock to developing new products in the country.
A. Poor design and enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights law
B. Poor research Infrastructure
 Country spent only 0.9% of its GDP on R&D during 2009
 The country’s output in new design innovation was 39 as
opposed to 53,000 in China during 2002.
C. Low Industry to lab linkages leads to unviable or unutilized
research.
Lack of industry linkage and conducting research in isolation
with public sector R&D centers has severely hampered the
quality of research in the Indian Institutions.
Difficulties in commercialization of developed technologies
D. The poor quality of education in the country also remains a big
barrier to cutting edge research.
Lack of research activity and shortage of high-quality faculty
Despite having one of the largest higher education system in
the world few Indian institutions have earned global
distinction.
In pursuit of better quality education, an increasing number
of Indian students are studying abroad.
Researchers in R&D per million people in 2006 in India was
119, while that of the US was 4,628.
Source:
Ernst & Young's 2012 attractiveness survey

3. Snapshot of Solution Proposed
Integration of India core Capabilities
to create Solution Platform
•Research Institutes =400
•MNC R& D Centre = 870
•Number of Universities =530
•Number of Engineering Colleges=13
•Number of students enrolled in technical
courses is equal to 4.30 lakhs.
•National Innovation Foundation.
Current Industry Clusters
Health Energy
Biotechnology ICT
Research & Innovation
Park
IPR Policy for Pro
Innovation
Innovation
based Growth
Inclusive Growth
World Class R& D
Ecosystem
Capture New
economic
opportunities.
Talent Development
Pharmaceutical
Green Technology
1. Exclusive Innovation 2. Innovation for India
Centric Problem
3. Making technology
accessible to people at the
bottom of the pyramid.
4. Creating an Innovation
Ecosystem.

4. Gap Need Pro-Innovation Policy
• Shortcomings in the existing IPR regime.
• Weak patent processing system.
• 2012: IPO - 123,255 patent app. pending for
examination.
• IPO: 214 patent app. per examiner per year |
World benchmark: 100 patent app. per examiner
per year.
• Efficiency in patent examination.
• Applicant interview for fast track examination.
• Specialised IP protection for SMEs and small
inventors.
• Creation of Satellite offices.
• Promote international patent harmonization
• Build a Highly Transparent and Predictable Patent
Examination Mechanism
• Creation of Patent Satellite offices
• Utility Model Patent system
• Preferential Accelerated Examination system
International Patent Harmonization
Patent Prosecution Highway: Fast track
Examination Procedure where patent examiners
can make use of the work products from other
offices.
Average First Action Pendency
• Non-PPH: 25 Months
• PPH: 2-3 Months
PPH is a Powerful Tool for Both Applicants
and Offices Reducing Overall Costs
Reduces pendency times thereby saving costs
for Applicants and Offices
Attracts Rapidly Evolving Industries
Decreases Pendency
Utility Model Patent System
Types of inventions automatically routed for
accelerated examination with fee waiver:
1. Energy inventions
2. Green technology
3. Anti-terrorism technology
Term of protection: 7 – 10 years.
Advantageous for SMEs that make incremental
change/ minor improvement to the existing.
Benchmark criteria: Less stringent criteria for
inventiveness than for patents
Preferential Super-Accelerated Examination System
Applicants can opt for Accelerated Examination
System by paying a higher fee.
Disposal of applications: Within 12 months
Expedited handling throughout the entire
patent application process
Intellectual Property Policy for Pro-Innovation
Increase in efficiency of patent examination
system.
Increase
the salary
of the
examiners
Double the
number of
patent
examiners
Increase
the
qualificatio
n for intake
as
examiners
Setting up Patent Satellite Offices in Bangalore
and Hyderabad:
Top 6 States that are filing highest number of
patent includes: States with already established
Patent Offices + Karnataka +Andhra Pradesh
Orphan drugs (for instance HIV/ AIDS):
Granting Exclusive Marketing Rights to
manufacturers of these drugs for a period of 7
years. This shall in turn incentivise inventors to
undertake research in this area.

5. Gaps
R&D conducted in isolation without
market inputs.
Many technologies stuck in labs and
never see the market
R&D diluted and not focused on a few
impact solutions.
Adaptation of available technologies to
local needs.
Bridging the Gap
Reduce fragmentation and create
awareness about the ongoing R&D
activities..
Standardize contractual agreements
and commercial terms with industry.
Systematic facilitation of collaborative
R&D with focus on technologies that
create high impact solutions
A knowledge database with
assessment of potential for localization
of worldwide technologies.
A support system for global
collaboration on R&d , Technology
transfer and knowledge sharing
Benefit for Industries
•Retains and attracts the best brains that are
industry-ready by acquisition of industry
oriented research and technology
experience.
•Readily available infrastructure.
•Potential for shared facilities and resources.
•Tax incentives.
•Attractive one- stop services: IP strategies
such as Accelerated Examination system,
Patent Prosecution Highway.
Benefit for Universities
•Gain Global recognition.
•An increase in grants will improve the
laboratories significantly..
•Students shall be exposed to state of the art
technology.
•Nurturing the talent of the graduates for
getting placed in the top class industries.
•Out of box thinking shall lead to a surge in
innovative ideas.
Innovation Ecosystem Special Features
•Fosters and nurtures talent pool for
research.
•Attracts domestic as well as international
students as well as researchers, thereby
providing them with a cross-cultural
environment to brainstorm in.
• Creates a large industry base
•Signature site for the innovation economy
•Industry-targeted services.
•Knowledge and Technology Transfer.

6. Innovation
Centre
Technology
Transfer & IP
Policy
Business
Incubation
Service
Capacity
Building,
Training and
Mentor
Service
International
Networking &
Collaborations
Financial
Independence
Technology
Development
Scientific
Services
 Focus on talent development by developing itself as a global
nexus for local as well as international scientific talent.
 Help to capture new economic opportunities.
 provide a concerted and structured effort to faster inter-
disciplinary research.
 Creating a world class environment for scientific career
development.
 promoting science to the young people and building a pipeline of
R&D talent.
Proposed Model
Location • Suburban community
• < 500,000 population
Area • 100 acres
Governance • University or university-affiliated non-profit
Tenants • 72% :profit companies
• 14% : university facilities
• 5% : governmental agencies
Employment
Opportunity
• 3000 Scientists + 8000 Technical Staff
Finances • 300 crores INR
Fund inflow • Revenues from park operations + University fund +
State and central fund
Services provided • Assist in accessing state and other public programs
• Linking to or providing sources of capital
• Business planning
• Marketing and sales strategy advice
• Technology and market assessment
Priority industry
sectors
IT, Pharmaceuticals, Scientific & Engineering service
providers, Health and Energy.
Pro-Innovation Proposed Model

7. World Class Centers of Excellence (WCCE)
Students, Teaching staff
and Researchers
Dynamic
Knowledge &
Technology
transfer
Fostering&Shaping
Talent
• “Youth on the move”: Ensure at
least 20% mobility of Indian
University students through
foreign exchange program every
year for gaining knowledge.
• “Brain circulation”: turning of
academic talent into industry–
ready scientists.
• Strong and vibrant visiting faculty
programs across nations.
• Promote co-inventor innovations
through collaboration with foreign
universities as well as industries.
Reversing“BrainDrain”
• Economic incentive and better
social security system for
Scientists and Technologists of
Indian origin.
• Retaining of home- grown talent
by offering assured career for 15
years.
• Special packages for scientist
willing to settle in India.
• Offering Start-up Visa and
streamlining visa policy.
Researchconducive
EcosystemCreation
• World class research oriented
infrastructure.
• Knowledge and Technology
transfer.
• Research and Scholarship grant
schemes.
• Pro-innovation IPR Policy.
• Promote international patent
harmonization.
• Flexible examination system
corresponding to the various
needs of the applicants such as
super-accelerated examination.

8. Details of the setting-up, Launch
Funding: Finalise funding sources and close-on transaction , revise budget appropriately.
Admin and Infrastructure: Incorporate the company, establish office, create operating policies, launch
Programs
Launch policy advocacy
Launch additional programs: mentor training, entrepreneurship training, develop toolkits
Launch R&D collaboration program
Innovation cells
Launch applied R&D programs
Monitoring and evaluation
Technology assessment and management
Commercialisation of technology
Creation and protection of a strong IP base
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5+
Implementing the Model
Total Funding Required
Infrastructure Cost
Internal Lab
Facility Cost
IP management
Student Exchange
International Faculty
Visit
INR 125 Crores
INR 25 Crores
INR 75 Crores
INR 25 Crores
INR 50 Crores
Total Estimated Cost for 1 Research Park is INR 300
Crores
Organizational set up and administrative costs
Technology development cost
Total Operation Cost
Research Grant
Talent Grooming Cost

9. Organisation Structure
Chief Executive
Officer (CEO)
Partnership Development
Manager
Technology Analyst
Research Fellows
Project Manager Investment Officer
International
Networking
and
Collaboration
Technology
Development and
Transfer
IP Cell
Capacity Building,
Training and
Mentor Services
Business
Incubation Service
Innovation Cell Network
Quality
Insurance Cell
Partner
Organisations,
Universities and
Industry
Technologists, Entrepreneurs, Start –up firms, Industry and SMEs
Board of Governor
(Academician, Industrialist and 1
Government Representative)

10. Impact and Reach
Universities 1. More grants at their disposal, which would in turn increase the overall
research activity.
2. Exposure to industry specific needs which will further enable them to
provide real time solutions.
3. Increase in the number of patents filed and subsequently granted.
4. Significant improvement in the quality of faculty and students.
5. Inter-disciplinary research.
Students 1. Direct interaction with the industry through internships as well as research
collaborations.
2. Ability to learn in a global environment through exchange programs.
3. Opportunity to work with leading scientist in India as well as across the
world.
No of patents to increase considerably 1. Target of filing 200 patents each year from a single research park.
2. An increase in the number of patents granted by the Indian Patent Office
through the introduction of differential patent regime.
Employment generation- direct as well as indirect 1. One job in a research park shall on an average create 2.67 indirect jobs in
the market.
2. Each park shall have approximately 3,500 scientists and an estimated 8,000
technical staff to support them.
Miscellaneous 1. The overall quality of research and development in the country will
improve.
2. An increase in public private partnership.
3. India’s ranking on the global innovation index shall improve from the
current ranking of 66 (2013)

11. Concept and Implementation Challenges
Potential Risks
Risk Description Potential Mitigation
Financial  Obtaining funding for operations and buildings
 Accepting/dispersing finance in an efficient and transparent
manner.
 Secure funding from the Government and establish strategic alliances with private
investors. Leveraging investment to the tune of 1:1 in cash and kind from local as well
as private partners over the first five years of establishment.
 Clear governance structure and strong implementation partners.
Implementation  Bridging cultural barriers between the academic and business
communities and facilitating true partnerships.
 Overcoming commercialization challenges.
 Attraction as well as retention of talent.
 Parks must continue to serve as an intermediary that understands both cultures and
innovatively fosters integrated, collaborative efforts.
 Research park will need to offer funding and support for technology commercialization,
including proof of concept funding.
 Proper incentives must be provided to attract new talent. Furthermore, a conducive
environment for growth must be provided to retain the said pool of researchers.
Conceptual  Initial investment capital is high and could prove to be a hurdle  DST has been allocated INR21,000 crores during the 12th five year plan; 3% of which is
equivalent to INR695 crores. If this amount is combined with equal investment from
private sector, approximately INR1400 crores can be arranged.
 Stakeholder support  Continued support and buy in from government, industry and
partner institutions.
 Partnership managers to maintain and develop relationships, board seats for key
stakeholders.

12. • Unleashing India’s Innovation: Toward Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
• Understanding Research, Science and Technology parks: Global best practices, Prepared by Committee on Comparative Innovation policy in association with
National Research Council of the National Academies.
• Characteristics and Trends in North American Research parks: 21st Century Directions, Prepared by Battelle Technology Partnership Practice and developed in
association with Association of University Research Parks.
• The Power of place: A National Strategy for Building America’s communities of innovation, Published by Association of University Research Parks.
• ‘Engaging Diaspora: The Indian Growth Story’, FICCI Theme paper.
• A business plan for financing and implementation of a CIC in India, prepared by InfoDev for the UK’s Deparment for International Development.
• “India: The uneven innovator” - The Atlas of Ideas: Mapping the new geography of science, prepared by DEMOS, UK.
• India’s Emerging Competitiveness as Destination of Global R&D, A knowledge paper prepared by FICCI in association with Battelle India resulting from Global
R&D Summit 2013.
• R&D Ecosystem in India, A EvalueServe study, A Report commissioned by the British High Commission and the Canadian High Commission, New Delhi.
• Creative Switzerland? : Fostering an Innovation Powerhouse!, Joint Study of the Swiss–American Chamber of Commerce and The Boston Consulting Group,
Zurich.
• The Growth of Research Triangle Park, Research paper by Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro & Dartmouth College,
Hanover.
• Indiana Competitiveness: State and Cluster Economic Performance, Michael E. Porter , National Governors Association Winter Meeting.
• Driving Today’s New Economy, an Economic Impact Study of the Purdue Research Park Network, May 2011, Research by Thomas P. Miller and Associates.
• Purdue Research Foundation, 2009-2010 Annual Report.
• Annual report of The office of the Controller General of patents, designs, trade marks and Geographical indication, Indian Patent Office, 2010-2011.
• White paper on Simulation of Investment of Private Sector into Research and Development in India, Report of the Joint Committee of Industry and
Government (JCIG), May 2013.
References