Databse & Technology 2 _ Shan Nawaz _ Oracle 11g Top 10 features - not your usual Top 10.pdf

Oracle11g
Top
10
features

Not
your
usual
Top
10.

Shan
Nawaz

Verisign
Inc

The most comprehensive Oracle applications & technology content under one roof

WHO
AM
I

•  Shan
Nawaz

–  More
than
13
years
of
experience
in
Database
Technologies(Oracle,
DB2,
SQL

Server)

•  Database
Engineer
at
Verisign

–  Tune
mission
criJcal
applicaJons
with
millisecond
SLA’s

•  Industry
CerJﬁcaJons

–  OCP
in
Oracle7.3/8/9i/10g/11g

–  IBM
CerJﬁed
User
specialist
in
DB2

–  MCP
in
SQL
Server
2000

•  Recent/Future
Technical
Sessions

–  Oracle
Open
World
2011

–  Hotsos
2011

–  IOUG
2011

–  Oracle
Open
World
2010

–  Verisign
Technical
Symposium

2009


Agenda

•  About
Verisign
and
Our
SLA’s

•  Not

your
usual
Top
10
features

•  QA

•  References


Our
SLA’s

•  TransacJons
made
of
complex
SQL

statements

Command
SLA

CHECK
DOMAIN
25ms

ADD
DOMAIN
50ms

DELETE
DOMAIN
100ms

MODIFY
DOMAIN
100ms


Goal/MoJvaJon
of
this
PresentaJon

•  To
visit
Australia

•  To
talk
about
the
very
good

features
of
Oracle11g
that
are

overlooked
by
the
very
best

features
of
Oracle
11g


Very
Best
Features

1.  Database
Replay

2.  AdapGve
Cursor
Sharing

3.  Flashback
Data
Archive/Total
Recall

4.  EdiGon
Based
redeﬁniGon

5.  Deferred
segment
creaGon

6.  Password
Enhancements

7.  SQL
Plan
Management

8.  Result
Cache

9.  Virtual
Indexes/Columns

10.  Interval/System
ParGGoning

11.  Extended
OpGmizer
StaGsGcs

12.  Online
Patching

13.  Recursive
With
clause

14.  PL/SQL
NaGve
CompilaGon

15.  Secure
Files


Poor
man’s
parallelism


Poor
man’s
parallelism

DBMS_PARALLEL_EXECUTE

•  Supports
parallel
update
of
large
data
sets
in

smaller
chunks.

•  Chunks

are
created
by
segregaJng
the
data

based
on

1.  Rowid

2.  Numeric
column

3.  User-‐deﬁned
SQL.


Poor
man’s
parallelism

•  Why
is

important
?

–  Unlike
other
parallel
features
,


does
not
require

Enterprise
EdiJon.

–  Eliminates
much
of
manual
coding
and
does

befer

job
of
distribuJng
load

uniformly
across

parallel
processes

–  Overcome
restricJons
of
parallel
DML


Poor
man’s
parallelism

•  Why
is
important
?

(ConJnued)

–  Break
large
single
transacJon
into
mulJple
chunks

(transacJons)

•  Less
impact
to
dependent
systems
like
Golden
Gate
or

streams

•  Less
undo
space
required

minimizing
the
chance
of

ORA-‐1555

•  DuraJon
of
lock
is
reduced.

–  Restart

failed
chunks
(transacJons)
since
Chunks
are

commifed
individually
(Implicit)

•  Impact
of
Rollback
due
to
error
is
not
severe.


Poor
man’s
parallelism


•  How
to
implement?

1.  Create
a
task
with
CREATE_TASK
procedure

2.  Create
chunks
(size)
using
one
of
the
following.

–  CREATE_CHUNKS_BY_ROWID

–  CREATE_CHUNKS_BY_NUMBER_COL

–  CREATE_CHUNKS_BY_SQL

3.  Deﬁne
the
DML
statement

4.  Execute
the
task
in
parallel
with
RUN_TASK

5.  Perform
error
handling
and
run
failed
chunks
with

RESUME_TASK.


Poor
man’s
parallelism

Create
a
task
with
CREATE_TASK

BEGIN

DBMS_PARALLEL_EXECUTE.CREATE_TASK
(TASK_NAME
=>
'UPDATE_TASK');

END;

Create
chunks
with
ROWID.

BEGIN

DBMS_PARALLEL_EXECUTE.CREATE_CHUNKS_BY_ROWID(TASK_NAME

=>
'UPDATE_TASK‘,
TABLE_OWNER

=>
'SCOTT‘,
TABLE_NAME
=>
'CONTENT‘,
BY_ROW=>

FALSE,
CHUNK_SIZE

=>

3075);
END;

Deﬁne
the
Update
statement
and
running
the
task

DECLARE

L_SQL_STMT
VARCHAR2(32767);

BEGIN

L_SQL_STMT
:=
'UPDATE
/*+
ROWID
(DDA)
*/

CONTENT
SET

EXPIRATION_DATE=
SYSDATE+14

WHERE
ROWID
BETWEEN
:START_ID
AND
:END_ID';

DBMS_PARALLEL_EXECUTE.RUN_TASK(TASK_NAME
=>
'UPDATE_TASK‘,SQL_STMT=>
L_SQL_STMT,LANGUAGE_FLAG

=>
DBMS_SQL.NATIVE,PARALLEL_LEVEL=>
4);

END;


Compare
and
Converge


Compare
and
Converge

DBMS_COMPARISON

•  IdenJfy
diﬀerences
between
data
sets

across

databases
or
same
database.

•  Report
and
Synchronize
the
data
set

–  Either
the
source
or
target

can
act
as
master.

•  Intended
mainly
for
replicated/streams
environment

but
can
be
used
outside
of
streams
environment

•  Works
with
10g
and
above
version
provided
one
the

databases
in
the
comparison
is
11g;


Compare
and
Converge

•  Comparison
Modes
Supported

1.  Full
Object
comparison

•  CMP_SCAN_MODE_FULL

2.  Random
data
comparison

•  CMP_SCAN_MODE_RANDOM

3.  Cyclic
Comparison

•  CMP_SCAN_MODE_CYCLIC

4.  Customized
comparison

•  CMP_SCAN_MODE_CUSTOM


Compare
and
Converge

•  Objects
currently
supported
are

–  Tables

–  Single
Table
Views

–  Materialize
Views

–  Synonyms
for
above
objects

•  Unique
Indexes

are
used
for
comparison

–  Non-‐Unique
indexes
are
used
if
speciﬁed
manually

•  Permits
comparing
row-‐row
OR
group
of
rows

–  Befer
performance
with
group
of
rows


Compare
and
Converge

•  Steps

1.  Create
comparison
object

2.  Perform
the
comparison

3.  Analyze
the
results

4.  Converge
the
data


Compare
and
Converge

SQL>
SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM
SQL>
SELECT
COUNT(*)
FROM

CONTENT_1;
CONTENT_2;

COUNT(*)

COUNT(*)

-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐

-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐

10

10

SQL>
DELETE
FROM
CONTENT_2

2

WHERE
ITEM_ID=484380;

1
row
deleted.

SQL>
COMMIT;


Compare
and
Converge

SQL>

DECLARE

2

COMPARE_VALUE

DBMS_COMPARISON.COMPARISON_TYPE;

Create
Comparison
Object

3

COMPARE_OUTPUT
BOOLEAN;

SQL>
BEGIN

4

BEGIN

2

DBMS_COMPARISON.CREATE_COMPARISON(

5

COMPARE_OUTPUT
:=

6

DBMS_COMPARISON.COMPARE
(

3

COMPARISON_NAME=>'MYCOMPARE',

7

COMPARISON_NAME=>'MYCOMPARE',

4

SCHEMA_NAME=>'SCOTT',

8

SCAN_INFO=>COMPARE_VALUE,

5

OBJECT_NAME=>'CONTENT_1',

9

PERFORM_ROW_DIF=>TRUE);

6

DBLINK_NAME=>NULL,

10

IF
COMPARE_OUTPUT=TRUE

7

REMOTE_SCHEMA_NAME=>'SCOTT',

11

THEN

8

REMOTE_OBJECT_NAME=>'CONTENT_2');

12

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Tables
are
IdenGcal');

9

END;

13

ELSE

10

/

14

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Tables
are
not
IdenGcal’);

15

END
IF;

PL/SQL
procedure
successfully
completed.

16*
END;

17

/

Tables
are
not
IdenJcal,
Diﬀerences
Exist

PL/SQL
procedure
successfully
completed.


Reproducing
SQL
Test
Case


Reproducing
SQL
Test
Cases

•  Remember
the
Jmes
you
were
unable
to
resolve

SQL
issue

•  Because

–  You
are
unable
to
reproduce
the
issue

at
will
in

producJon
environment.

–  Or
Unable
to
reproduce
the
issue
easily
in
Dev/QA

environments.
(Recurring
issue)

–  Or
Oracle
support
was
unable
to
help
you
because

they
don’t
have
the
necessary
informaJon
to

reproduce
the
issue


Reproducing
SQL
Test
Cases

•  Help
is
on
the
way

•  Oracle
11g
provides
a
tool
called
SQL
Test
case

builder
or
SQL
TCB.

–  As
per
Oracle
documentaJon,
If
you
ever
need
to

contact
Oracle
Support
about
a
SQL
issue,
then

obtaining
a
reproducible
test
case
is
the
single
most

important
factor
to
ensure
a
speedy
resoluJon.

•  Provides
as
means
of
good
shared
language
for

exchanging
informaJon
with
Oracle
Support
or

DBA’s
or
developers.

–  Easy
to

diagnose
,
analyze
and
esJmate
the
ﬁx.

•  Back
ported
to
10.2.0.4


Reproducing
SQL
Test
Cases

•  Test
case
can
be
generated

using

1.  SQL
text

2.  SQL
cursor

3.  SQL
from
incident
ﬁle

•  SQL
TCB
can
be
also
be
directly
with
ADRCI

command

–  DDE
EXECUTE
ACTION
INCIDENT
<incident_id>

ACTIONNAME
SQLTCB
INVOCATION

<invocaJon_id>


Reproducing
SQL
Test
Cases

•  What
kind
of
data
is
collected?

Permanent
InformaGon
Transient
InformaGon

•  Always
captured
•  Captured
if
Oracle
thinks
it
is

•  InformaJon
like

SQL_TEXT,

necessary

disk
reads,
buffer
gets,
CPU
•  InformaJon
that
could

Jme,
elapsed
Jme,

fetches,
necessarily
change
like

ExecuJon
plan
,
OpJmizer
dynamic
sampling,
degree
of

staJsJcs,
Bind
variables,
rows
parallelism

processed
Use
of
Outlines,
SQL

profiles
or
SPM
and
metadata

and
user
profile.

•  Data
collecJon
is
opJonal

•  No
Support
for
DDL


Reproducing
SQL
Test
Cases

•  How
to
implement
STB?

1.  Create
a
directory
or
use
exisJng
directory

2.  Export

the
test
case
with

DBMS_SQLDIAG.EXPORT_SQL_TESTCASE

3.  Import
the
test
case
with

DBMS_SQLDIAG.IMPORT_SQL_TESTCASE


Reproduce
SQL
Test
Cases

SQL>
DECLARE

2

MYTESTCASE
CLOB;

3

BEGIN

4

DBMS_SQLDIAG.EXPORT_SQL_TESTCASE
(

5

DIRECTORY=>'DATADIR',

•  Example

6

SQL_TEXT=>'SELECT
DOMAINNAME
FROM
DOMAIN

WHERE
DOMAINNAME=2703255',

7

EXPORTDATA=>
FALSE,

8

TESTCASE_NAME=>'MYTEST',

9

TESTCASE=>MYTESTCASE);

10
END;

11
/


SQL
Test
Case
Builder

•  Dump
directory
ﬁles
created
by
SQL
TCB.


Advanced
Compression


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

•  With
huge
amounts
of
data
being
the
norm
than

excepJon
,
compression
becomes
criJcal
in
reducing

the
foot
print
of
almost
every
component

Buﬀer
Cache

Network

Database

Backup
Server


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

In
11g,
there
is
compression
for
everyone

•  Storage

–  OLTP
compression
for
DML
(Structured
Data)

–  SecureFiles
Compression
(Unstructured
Data)

•  Network

–  Data
Guard
redo
Compression

•  Backup

–  RMAN
compression

–  Data
pump
compression


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

OLTP
Compression

•  New
compression
algorithm
uses
deferred

PCTFREE

or
batched
approach

–  Data
is
inserted
as
is
without
compression
unJl

DATA

PCTFREE

value
is
reached.

–  Compression
of
data
starts
once
PCTFREE
threshold
is
reached

•  Can
be
enabled
at

table,
parJJon
or
tablespace
level

•  No
need
of
decompressing
the
data
while
reading

•  Recommended
for
low
update
acJvity
tables

•  Use
Compression
advisor(DBMS_COMPRESSION)
to

esJmate
savings


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

Data
guard
Compression

•  Redo
is
compressed
as
it
is
transmifed
over
a

network.

•  Helps
eﬃciently
uJlize
network
bandwidth
when

data
guard

is
across
data
centers

•  Faster
resynchronizaJon
of
Data
guard

during

gap
resoluJon.

•  Recommended
for
low
network
bandwidth


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

Data
guard
Compression

•  How
to
implement?

–  Specify

“COMPRESSION”
with
iniJalizaJon

parameter
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

RMAN
Compression

•  Supports
compression
of
backups
using
ZLIB

algorithm

–  Faster
compression
and
low
CPU
uJlizaJon

compared
to
default
BZIP2
(10g)

–  Low
compression
raJo

compared
to
BZIP2


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

RMAN
Compression

•  How
to
Implement
?

–  Conﬁgured
with
CONFIGURE
COMPRESSION

ALGORITHM

‘value’

•  With
Advanced
compression
,
value
can
be
HIGH,

MEDIUM(ZLIP)
and
LOW(LZO)

•  Without
advanced
compression
,
Only
basic
can
be

speciﬁed

–  Execute
backups
with
‘AS
COMPRESSED

BACKUPSET’


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

Data
Pump
Compression

•  Compression
of
metadata
introduced
in
10g

•  Compression
of
data
introduced
in
11g.

•  Inline
operaJon

–  Save
on
storage
allocaJon

–  No
need
to
uncompress
before
Import


ADVANCED
COMPRESSION

Data
Pump
Compression

•  How
to
implement?

–  Enabled
with
expdp
COMPRESSION
afribute

•  ALL

•  DATA_ONLY

•  METADATA_ONLY


Diagnosing
and
resolving

failures


Diagnosing
and
Resolving
Failures

•  Database
Recovery
advisor
(DRA)

–  Diagnosing
media
Failures

–  Present
repair
opJons

(with
script)

–  Repair
failures
(if
requested)

•  Doesn’t
mafer
if

you
are
a
newbie
DBA
or
highly

experienced
DBA

–  When
in
doubt
,
use
DRA.

•  Now
you
can
blame
Oracle
if
the
something
goes

wrong.

–  And
keep
your
Job,
write
a
blog
……


Diagnosing
and
Resolving
Failures

•  The
three
RMAN
commands
to
support
DRA

1.  LIST
FAILURE

•  Errors
are
classiﬁed
as
Low,
High,
CriJcal

•  Historical
support

for
closed
errors.

2.  ADVISE
FAILURE

•  Speciﬁes
the
repair
strategy

•  Supports
both
manual
and
automated
repair
opJons

3.  REPAIR
FAILURE

•  Supports
preview
mode
(spooling
the
script)


MulGsecGon
Backups


MulJsecJon
Backups

•  Enables
backing
up
of
single
datafile
in
parallel

using
secJons

–  SecJon
is
conJguous
range
of
blocks
in
a
datafile

•  Up
to
256
SecJons
or
channels
per
datafile
is

supported

•  MulJplexed
backups
will
not
contain
datafiles

or
secJons
from
other
datafiles.


MulJsecJon
Backups

•  Benefits

–  Improved
performance
for
backup
and
restore.

•  Befer
performance
when
restoring
one

datafile

compared
to
restoring
from
large
mulJplexed
backup

set

–  Befer
restartability.

•  Restart
the
failed
secJon
backup
instead
of
datafile


MulJsecJon
Backups


DATABASE
RESIDENT

CONNECTION
POOL


DATABASE
RESIDENT
CONNECTION
POOL

•  Shared
Server
or
MTS

–  Session
Resources
are
not
shared

–  Good
for
long
running
transacJons

•  Database
resident
connecJon
pool(DRCP)

–  To
support

large
number
of

similar
client

applicaJons
or
connecJons

– 
Share
or
reuse
sessions.

–  TransacJons
are
very
short
in
nature

–  No
Session
aﬃnity
is
required


DATABASE
RESIDENT
CONNECTION
POOL

•  DRCP
is
mainly
intended
for
single
threaded
applicaJons

like
PHP
,
PERL

–  Currently
available
to
clients
that
use
the
OCI
driver
with
C,
C++,

Perl
and
PHP.

–  No
support
for
JDBC
thin
or
JDBC-‐OCI.

•  More
database
connecJons
are
supported
compared
to

shared
server
or
dedicated
server
conﬁguraJon

–  Less

memory
foot
print

–  Behaves
more
like
dedicated
server
connecJon
once
the

connecJon
is
established.


Database
Resident
ConnecGon
Pool

•  Working
of
DRCP

1.  Client
makes
a
request
for
connecJon

2.  Background
process
connecJon
broker
picks
up

appropriate
pooled
server
and
hands-‐oﬀ
the

client
to
that
pooled
server.

3.  Once
connecJon
is
handed-‐oﬀ,

the
client

directly
communicates
with
the
pooled
server

4.  The
pooled
server
is
handed
back
to
the
broker

when
the
client
releases
it.


DATABASE
RESIDENT
CONNECTION
POOL

•  Working
of
DRCP

PGA
ConnecGon
Clients/Middle
Ger

POOLED
SERVERS

Broker


DATABASE
RESIDENT
CONNECTION
POOL

•  How
to
conﬁgure?

–  Start
the
pool
with

DBMS_CONNECTION_POOL.START_POOL();

–  Add
(SERVER
=
POOLED)

to
TNS
entry

–  You
can
also
use
the
following
syntax
for
PHP

•  oci_pconnect(“userid",
“pwd",
“hostname:1526/orcl:POOLED");

–  Pool
can
be
stopped
with

DBMS_CONNECTION_POOL.STOP_POOL();

–  Pool
properJes
like
minimum
and
maximum
number
of

pooled
servers
,

maximum
inacJvity
Jme
etc.
can
be

speciﬁed
with
DBMS_CONNECTION_POOL
.

CONFIGURE_POOL

package


Server
ConsolidaGon


Server
ConsolidaJon

•  Very
simple
and
eﬀecJve
approach
to
Server

ConsolidaJon

•  Limit
the
CPU
used
by
an
Instance

–  Works
by
limiJng
the
number
of
runnable
processes

•  Administered

and
maintained
by
DBA
instead
of

SA’s

•  Supports
over-‐provisioning

•  Will
not
help
with
licensing
if
your
server
has

more
CPU’s
(At
least
for
now,
please
check
with

Oracle)


Server
ConsolidaJon

•  How
to
enable
instance
caging?

–  Enable
the
Resource
Manager.

•  ALTER
SYSTEM
SET
RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN
=

‘DEFAULT_PLAN;

–  Set
the
CPU_COUNT
iniJalizaJon
parameter.

•  ALTER
SYSTEM
SET
CPU_COUNT
=
2;


Server
ConsolidaJon

•  What
is
the
secret
formula?

–  CPU_COUNT/Total
number
of
acJve

instances

•  Example:
8
CPU
server
with
4
instances

–  Each
instance

is
limited
to
2
CPU(CPU_COUNT)

–  CASE-‐1:
If
all
4
instances
are
acJve

•  Each
instance
gets
2/(4*2)
=25%
of
Total
CPU

–  CASE-‐2:
If
2
instances
are
acJve

•  Each
instance
gets
2/(2*2)
=
50%
of
Total
CPU


SQL*Plus
Error
Logging


SQL*Plus
Error
Logging

•  Records
SQL,
PL/SQL
and
SQL*Plus
errors
in
an

error
table

–  Default
table
is
SPERRORLOG;

–  Created
automaJcally
if
the
table
does
not
exists

•  Captures
errors
that
are
not
SQL
too.

–  SELCT
instead
of
SELECT

•  This
is
SQL*Plus
feature
and
works
with
older

versions
of
Oracle
database

–  Only
the
clients
must
be
11g
or
above

•  Is
it
Jme
to
say
bye
bye
to
spooling,
Wait
not
yet


SQL*Plus
Error
Logging

•  All
you
have
to
do
is
type
“SET
ERRORLOGGING

ON”

•  Allows
you
to
idenJfy
the
session
with
idenJﬁer

– 
SET
ERRORLOGGING
ON

IDENTIFIER
‘Core-‐Release
2.3’

•  Allows
use
of
user-‐deﬁned
table

•  SET
ERRORLOGGING
ON

TABLE

scof.errorlog

•  Allows
truncaJng
of
tables
before
capturing

errors

–  SET
ERRORLOGGING
ON
TRUNCATE


Preprocessor


Oracle
Preprocessor

•  Provides
the
ability
to
preprocess
your
data

before
sending
to
Oracle
external
drivers

–  Reduced
disk
space
consumpJon
and
faster

processing
Jme.

–  Adds
befer
control
and

ﬂexibility

to
external

tables


Oracle
Preprocessor

•  Supports
OS
commands,

binaries
and
scripts

•  Supports
parallelism

–  File
is
granular
unit
for
parallelism.

•  Back
ported
to
10.2.0.5

•  Other
uses

–  For
SQL
lovers
,
run
vmstat
,
df
–k
or
sar
report
from

SQL
prompt.

•  CauJon

–  Restrict
access
to
preprocessor

directory


Oracle
Preprocessor


References

•  Oracle
DocumentaJon

•  Oracle
Metalink

•  asktom.oracle.com

•  OTN
ArJcles

•  hfp://opJmizermagic.blogspot.com

•  hfp://kkempf.wordpress.com

•  hfp://php.net/manual/en/oci8.connecJon.php

•  And
many
more
…..


Databse & Technology 2 _ Shan Nawaz _ Oracle 11g Top 10 features - not your usual Top 10.pdf

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