Presented by IWMI's Josiane Nikiema at the 39th WEDC (Water, Engineering and Development Centre) International Conference held in Kumasi on July 11 – 15, 2016.
CO-OP4CBD and its role in increasing Science – Policy Interface. Jorge Luis V...
Waste to Fertilizer: A dream to come true for Sub-Saharan Africa!
1. WASTE TO FERTILIZER
Josiane Nikiema, Olufunke Cofie and the
IWMI RQ team
A dream to come true for
Sub-Saharan Africa!
Contacts: j.nikiema@cgiar.org or iwmi@cgiar.org
3. A. DAILY FERTILIZER POTENTIAL
FOR 200,000 PEOPLE
100 MT of municipal solid wastes (MSW)
50 MT of inorg. wastes
50 MT of org. wastes 6-12 MT of biochar
15 MT of compost
0.6-1.2 ha of land
1.5 ha of land
100 m3 of fecal sludge (FS)
Land application
Composting 1.5 MT of compost
4 MT of co-compost
0.7 ha of Land
0.5 ha of land (maize)
1.3 ha of land (maize)
Biochar 1 MT of biochar 0.2 ha of land
4. EXAMPLE: CROP YIELDS AND IMPACT ON INCOME
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Sheshegu Tuu-tengle Sheshegu Tuu-tengle
YieldinMT/ha
Control
Farm 1
Farm 2
Farm 3
MAIZE
SORGHUM
($/ha) Users Non-users
Total fixed costs 191 137
Total variable costs 314 323
Revenues 919 606
Net Income 414 146
Location: Krobo
5. DAILY FERTILIZER POTENTIAL
FOR 200,000 PEOPLE270 m3 of urine
Direct land application
Struvite
N:P:K:Mg of 6:29:0:10 Slow release fertilizer, suitable for plants or to
supplement other minerals
11 ha of Land
27 MT of excreta
Co-composting
Biochar
4-9 ha of Land
3-6 MT of biochar
13-26 MT of (co-)compost
0.3-0.6 ha of Land
80% of the
nutrients needed
to grow food for
the same
population size
6. B. REUSE OPTIONS TESTED
–
–
•
•
Crop type Non
fertilized
Urine
fertilized
Chemically
fertilized
Country
Cabbage 19.5 32 31.0 Togo
Cassava 45 60 60.0 Ivory
Coast
Cotton 0.18 0.35 0.38 Mali
Corn 2.4 3.6 3.5 Benin
Egg plant 2.8 16.0 17.1 Burkina
Faso
Lettuce 6.8 15.7 13.3 Togo
Okra 1.7 2.3 2.6 Burkina
Faso
Sorghum 2.3 3.8 4.1 Burkina
Faso
Tomato 2.1 5.2 5.8 Burkina
Faso
Yam 4.0 8.0 6.0 Ivory
Coast
Crop Yields (Tons ha-1) for urine trials in different
West African countries. (CREPA, 2006)
7. 2. ORGANIC SOLID WASTE
• Compared to Africa, Asia is more
advanced
– E.g. Sri Lanka has 115 municipal
solid waste (MSW) compost
plants
– A2Z in Ludhiana (India) processes
900 MT/d of MSW through
– These plants are either fully
publicly owned or managed under
a PPP
Examples of Kenyan
compost plants
Dudutech
4 MT/d
EcoH
Holdings
550 MT/d
Nawacom Coop.
Society
28 MT/ d
Uganda;60
MT/d
Ghana; 600
MT/d
And more large MSW
compost plants…
Composting is common because it reduces
volumes of wastes and need for landfills
8. 3. THE STORY IS QUITE DIFFERENT WITH EXCRETA
•
• Few exceptions processing some MT per day are:
Sanergy, KenyaSoil – Haiti
NGOs
Burkina
Faso
Rwanda
Kenya
South
Africa
Etc.
Safisana compost Uses digested (sludge + org. wastes)
Loowatt, Madagascar
9. 4. THE STORY IS WORSE WITH FECAL SLUDGE
FORTIFER (Wafo) In Ghana Senegal
•
–
–
–
•
–
–
10. C. THERE IS OPPORTUNITY FOR SCALING UP
•
–
–
•
–
–
•
Nutrients
Organic
matter
Improves
soil quality
Improve crop
yields
11. D. WHAT IS NEEDED FOR SUCCESSFUL SCALING-UP?
•
–
–
–
•
•
13. RECYCLING OF WASTE INTO FERTILIZER WILL THEN BECOME A FACT FOR
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Compost
•Biochar
Direct land application
(Co-)compost
• Biochar
Direct application
•Struvite: MgNH4PO4.6H2O
Compost
•Dry soil conditioner
•Biochar