Presented by Herath Manthrithilake The Central Asian International Scientific-Practical Conference: “25 years of water cooperation in Central Asia: Lessons Learnt and Future Outlook”, November 23-24, 2017, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

1. New opportunities and challenges in
implementation of IWRM principles: short
overview of IWMI projects in Central Asia
Herath Manthrithilake
Oyture Anarbekov
25th Anniversary of ICWC
Tashkent, Uzbekistan 23.11.2017

2. WATER SCARCITY …
• There is general consensus that when people
have access to less than 1,700 cubic meters of
water per year, a considerable proportion of
them will be trapped in poverty (Falkenmark et
al. 1989).
• The Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) defines water stress as
“severe” when the ratio of total water use to
renewable supply exceeds 40 % (OECD 2009).
• Using this measure, by 2030 nearly half the
world’s population (3.9 billion people) will be
living under conditions of severe water stress.

3. THE REASONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF THIS
SCARCITY INCLUDE:
■ Population increase
■ Increased living standards
■ Over-exploitation
■Water pollution
■ Ecosystem degradation
■ Adverse climate change
• when combined with effects of climate change on
dryland production systems, the International Food
Policy Research Institute estimates that the aggregate
effect of climate change is likely to be a significant
reduction in total agricultural productivity.

4. CHALLENGES IN CENTRAL ASIAN REGION
 Population growth remains high in all
countries within the region.
 Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus
 Salinization and waterlogging of the
irrigated land
 Climate change - supply concerns and
extreme events
 Poor water use efficiencies practices
 Poor water mgt & governance
 Deteriorated irrigation and drainage
infrastructure
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1980 1990 2000 2007 2009 2011
Intakeperarea(m3/ha)/per
capita(m3)
Population/Irrigatedarea(ha)
Population Irrigatedarea Water intake percapita

5. CHALLENGES …
• IWMI has identified two types of water
scarcity: physical scarcity and economic
scarcity.
• physical scarcity: the sustainable supply
limit has been reached and little
opportunity to construct more dams remains.
• Economic scarcity: Not having enough
financial resources necessary to build a new
dam, improving infrastructure, etc.

6. SCARCITY … OLD WAYS ARE NO LONGER
VALID!
• Under a business-as-usual scenario, improvements
in water productivity can be expected to close
around 20 % of the gap between demand and
supply.
• Increases in supply (dams, desalination, increased
recycling, can be expect another 20%.
• The remaining 60%, must come from increased
investment in infrastructure and water-policy
reforms.
• The average rate of improvement in water productivity
and supply enhancement needs to increase at
double the rate of improvement achieved in the
past decade.

7. INTERNATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE
IWMI is a non-profit, scientific research organization with focus on the
sustainable use of water and land resources in developing countries
 IWMI established in 1985 with HQ in Sri Lanka
 More than 150 researchers in 12 Offices
 IWMI works in partnership with governments, civil
society and the private sector to develop scalable
agricultural water management solutions that have
a real impact on livelihoods, food security and
ecosystem

8. Building Resilience
Water solutions to manage risk and variabity
Enabling Sustainable Growth
Inclusive & innovative water management in rapidly
changing economies.
Managing Rural – Urban linkages
Water, food and waste innovations in urbanizing landscapes
THREE STRATEGIC PROGRAMS
Hydroinformatics
DataManagement,GISandRemoteSensing&etc

9. IWMI’S STRATEGY 2014-2018
IWMI positions itself as a:
■ think tank driving innovative research and
ideas for solutions;
■ provider of science-based products and
tools; and
■ facilitator of learning, strengthening capacity
and achieving uptake of research findings.

10. IWMI’S ACTIVITIES IN CENTRAL ASIA
IWMI started its activities in CA in 2001 with main focus of research on:
 Introduction of IWRM principles
and Water Governance
 Effective water management
institutions
 Identifying best practices for
water savings
 Improving irrigation performance
 Water and energy productivity
improvement and water saving
technologies
 GIS/Remote sensing and climate
change
Member of Regional
Program for Sustainable
Agricultural Development in
Central Asia and Caucasus
led by ICARDA
Implemented Programs/Projects in Uzbekistan:
 SDC: IWRM-FV (2001-2012)
 SDC: WPI-PL (2008-2012)
 ADB: Bright Spots and others
 CRP Water, Land & Ecosystems
 GIZ/BMZ: Improving irrigation efficiency in Potato fields
 IWMI hosts GWP-CACENA
 Partnership with European Universities (Humboldt
University Berlin, CDE/University of Bern/IMoMo and
other active networks/initiatives

11. CURRENT MAIN DIRECTION OF WORK:
 Agricultural water management in rural areas:
river basin planning, improvement of Governance;
 Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus:
modeling;
 Climate change, water risks and disasters;
 Climate smart agriculture: innovation water and
energy saving technologies for improved water
and land resources management;
 Improved water accounting and data
transmission;
 Capacity building on productive water use and on
QGIS/RS;
Impact assessment of the interventions;

12. EU PROGRAMME “SUSTAINABLE MGT OF WATER
RESOURCES IN RURAL AREAS OF UZBEKISTAN”
Partnership in
Implementation:
EU: GIZ, CREA and UBA
Regions: 6 BISAs
WCAs: 3 WCAs in 3 Provinces
6 Demonstration sites
Main interventions:
a) 2 pilot river basins: introduce
IWRM principles
b) Demonstration of innovative
water saving technologies in 6
provinces
c) Water Cadastre
d) Work-out financial-economic
mechanisms for water savings

13. PEER CYCLE 4 PROJECT “IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN KARSHI STEPPE
Canal
Pumps
• Pumping distance is about 80 km
• Pumping altitude is about 150 m
• Irrigated area is about 335,000 ha
An illustration of
water-energy-food
nexus
Partners in Implementation: USGS, UZGIP, Amu-Kashkadarya BISA, Sugd Provincial WMO, Local
Experts

14. Project title: Implications of climate change, Amu
Darya river basin
Study of
hydrological behavior
Partners: NASA, Karakalpakistan branch of Water Problem Institute, Academy of Sciences
Republic of Tajikistan, Balkh University Afghanistan

15. Diagnostic Digital Atlas on Murgab Basin
Analysis and Planning / GIZ Interventions
Partners: GIZ and MAWR of Turkmenistan

16. ESTABLISHED PARTNERSHIP COMPARATIVE
ADVANTAGES IN CA
IARC and No-CG in
Region: ICARDA,
AVRDC, ICBA,
Bioversity, IFPRI
NARs of CA:
Scientific-Research
Institutes of
Irrigation and
Amelioration
National Agrarian
as well as
Irrigation/Ameliora
tion Universities +
foreign institutes:
DKU
Donor and
Development
Agencies: SDC, GIZ,
USAID, WB, ADB,
IsDB, KOICA, UN
Agencies & others
Ministries of
Agriculture and Water
Resources of 5
Countries, BISAs, ISAs
West-East Research
& Education
Institutes: CDE,
IAMO, Humboldt,
NWAFU
Social
Enterpreneurs,
Knowledge
Platforms: CAREC,
CACILM, WOCAT,
CACARI, GWP-
CACENA
Private
Sector/Technology
Partners: IMOMO,
Hydrosolutions,
Photrack, SEBA
IWMI with its
Partners
EC-IFAS (International Fund for
Saving Aral Sea
Water Users,
WUAs, AgCoop,
Rural Extension

17. WE LOOK FORWARD FOR COOPERATION!
• http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/resources/apps/
IWMI-CENTRAL ASIA Office: E-mail: iwmi-ca@cgiar.org