PRESSoo is an extension of the FRBRoo model (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records – Object Oriented). It is a formal ontology designed to represent the bibliographic information relating to serials and continuing resources.

1. 11
PRESSOO
A formal ontology for continuing resources
Clément Oury
Head of Data, Network and Standards department
ISSN International Centre
clement.oury@issn.org
@ISSN_IC

2. 2
Summary of the presentation
- The origins of PRESSOO
- Main features of PRESSOO
- Describing resources according to PRESSOO
- PRESSOO: now, soon and later
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

3. 33
The origins of PRESSOO
FRBR, CIDOC-CRM and FRBROO
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

4. 4
The origins: FRBROO
- FRBR: a model for libraries (1998)
• Identify minimum functional requirements of bibliographic data
• Ensure that they meet user requirements
• Outcome: a model for bibliographic information: Work, Expression,
Manifestation, Item
- CIDOC-CRM: Conceptual Reference Model for museums (1998,
now ISO 21127:2006)
• An ontology for very diverse objects of cultural heritage
• Object-oriented
• Objective: facilitate exchange of information from heterogeneous sources
and improve resources discoverability
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

5. 5
FRBROO: an extension of CIDOC-CRM
- 2000: first discussions on harmonisation of both models
(European Library Automation Group, Paris)
- 2003: International WG on FRBR-CIDOC harmonisation
• Expressing FRBR with concepts, tools, mechanisms and notation
conventions from CIDOC CRM
• Aligning (or even merging) the two object-oriented models
- Successive versions of FRBROO
• Version 1.0: 2010
• Currently 2.2 (to encompass FRAD and FRSAD models)
- Original FRBR is now FRBRER (to be replaced by FRBR-LRM)
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

6. 6
Basic
structure of
CIDOC CRM
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

7. 7
Why PRESSOO?
- A specialized and detailed model was needed to represent serials and
ongoing resources
• “features” (frequency, medium...)
• changes that affect them over the time (continuations, absorptions, splits...)
• relationships they can have with other serials (linguistic editions...)
- Provide a linked-data friendly data model
• To improve interoperability with other datasets
- PRESSOO for the ISSN registry
• Prepare the publication of (a subpart of) the registry in the LOD
• Deal with the differences of description from various national centres (e.g. “date of
publication”)
• Mapping of NCs’ MARC records to PRESSOO may be customized according to
national practices
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

8. 8
PRESSOO: an extension of FRBROO
- PRESSOO: “FRBROO for serials and other continuing
resources”
• “An ontology which aims to represent the underlying semantics of
bibliographic information about continuing resources, and more
specifically about periodicals”
- FRBROO chosen as reference standard
• For its object-oriented approach: convenient for linked data
• As it allow interoperability with other cultural fields (as a CIDOC-CRM
extension)
• Because FRBRER was not perfectly adapted for serials
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

9. 9
Shortcomings of FRBRER
- FRBR Final Report, 1998:
• “Certain aspects of the model merit more detailed examination. (…) In
particular, the notion of “seriality” and the dynamic nature of entities recorded in
digital formats merit further analysis”.
- FRBRER: rigidly hierarchical (WEMI structure): lack of flexibility
• In FRBRER, the WORK entity is defined as a “distinct intellectual or artistic
creation”
• Various editions of a serial are seen as so many EXPRESSIONS (e.g. Western
and eastern editions of The Wall Street Journal)
• Some situations create severe inconsistencies
• N.B.: this approach is now disregarded in FRBR-LRM
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

10. 10
Example of a complex but frequent enough case
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

11. 11
PRESSOO as FRBROO-based model
- FRBROO model defines a “serial work” class (F 18)
• Each serial is regarded as a WORK, including all local, linguistic, etc. editions
• By ignoring the Expression and Manifestation entities, FRBROO definitively
circumvents the logical inconsistencies mentioned earlier
- FRBROO and of CIDOC-CRM models are able to express the
dynamic nature of serials
• or at least, to provide a framework for creating additional classes and
properties which express this “dynamic nature”
• E.g,: the CIDOC-CRM classes “E 29 Design or Procedure” that accounts for
planned behaviours
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

12. 12
Some aspects of FRBROO
- F1 Work: a sum of concepts
- F2 Expression: a sum of signs
- 3 meanings for "Work":
• all concepts conveyed by each
individual Expression:
F14 Individual Work
• all concepts common to various
Expressions and serving to identify
“bibliographic families”:
F15 Complex Work
• the concept of adding something to
Expressions (e.g. by aggregating
them):
F16 Container Work

13. 13
Serial
works in
FRBROO
F1 Work
F15 Complex Work F16 Container Work
F19 Publication Work
F18 Serial Work
"There is no single expression
or manifestation representing a
complete serial work, unless
the serial work has ended."
is a
is a
is a is a
is a

14. 14
The publication process* in FRBROO
*: for physical items; digital publishing is modelled slightly differently (no F3)
F24 Publication
Expression
F3 Manifestation
Product Type
F5 Item
CLR6 should carry
R7 is example of
F19 Publication
Work
R3 is realised in
R6 carries
F30 Publication
Event
F32 Carrier
Production Event
R26 produced things of type

15. 15
PRESSOO: the making of
- April 2012: issues of FRBR serial description discussed «in an ISSN
perspective» during a technical meeting in Paris
- January-March 2013: 7 meetings
• Examination of the semantics of each single data element in the ISSN Manual
• Can this semantics be expressed using existing FRBROO and CIDOC CRM classes and
properties?
• If not, then declare specific classes and properties
- PRESSOO = sum of specific classes and properties declared through that
process
• A mapping from the ISSN data elements to PRESSOO is provided in the model
- April 2014: 0.5 version submitted to IFLA FRBR review group
- June 2014: amended version (endorsed by the FRBR RG) published as 1.0
version

16. 1616
Main features of PRESSOO
Or: “A good serial is a dead serial”
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

17. 17
PRESSOO: key principles
- Descriptive information of a serial makes statements about the
past and assumptions about the future
• “There is in general no single expression or manifestation representing a
complete serial work, unless the serial work is ended” (FRBROO)
• “The sum (at a given point of time) of all the expressions of all past issues
published so far does not represent the serial work, but can be thought as a
“component” of a virtual complete expression that does not exist yet”
(PRESSOO)
- PRESSOO models the many changes that are likely to occur over
time in the life of a serial
• What is actually described is a set of issuing rules (publication plan)
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

18. 18
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
A continuing resource
still being publishing
according to PRESSOO

19. 19
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
Periodical, issue,
article in PRESSOO

20. 20
Periodical, issue, article in PRESSOO
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
Title
Die *bayerische Landwehr /
Hersg. von Angehövigen des
bayn. landw. Inf. Régt. 2 Erfs for
die Hinterbleibenentrasse des
Regts
Nr. 1 (Sept. 1916)-
Colmar : Druck A. Jess, 1916-
Secondary author
Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte
(Germany)
Adam Matthew Digital (Firm)
Germany : Heer : Bayerisches
Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment, 2
Publication Date 1916 – 1918
Language German

21. 21
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
Periodical, issue,
article in PRESSOO
Bayerische
Landwehr Flieger
kampf
N°1, Sept.
1916

22. 22
PRESSOO classes (sample)
- Mostly related to events (subclasses of E7 Activity, F27 Work
conception, or F30 Publication events)
• Z1 Serial transformation
• Z2 Absorption
• Z3 Separation
• …
• Z6 Starting of publication
• Z7 Ending of publication
• …
• Z12 Issuing Rules
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

23. 23
PRESSOO properties (sample)
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
- Properties of Z1 Serial transformation
• Y1 provided a continuation to (was continued through)
• Y5 split (was split through)
• Y7 merged (was merged through)
• Y9 absorbed (was absorbed through)
- Properties of Z12 Issuing rule
• Y21 foresees use of language (is language foreseen in)
• Y23 foresees dimension (is dimension foreseen in)
• Y26 foresees edition (foresees to be another edition of)
- Properties of F18 Serial work
• Y33 was merged with
• Y42 has current place of publication (is current area of publication of)

24. 24
Remember
the many
editions of
Le Petit
Phare?
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

25. 25
A PRESSOO
rendition of
Le Petit Phare
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

26. 2626
Describing resources according
to PRESSOO
The wildlife of periodicals
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

27. 27
Colour codes
- In the following slides
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015
F…
R…, CLP… or CLR…
E…
P…
Y…
Z…
= a class from CIDOC CRM
= a property from CIDOC CRM
= a class from FRBROO
= a property from FRBROO
= a class from PRESSOO
= a property from PRESSOO

28. 28
Chronological boundaries
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
R23 created a realisation of
Z6 Starting of
Publication
Z7 Ending of
Publication
= Publication of earliest known issue = Publication of latest known issue

29. 29
Describing a periodical
F18 Serial Work Y37 has former or current issuing rule (is former or current issuing rule of) Z12 Issuing Rule
Y26 foresees other edition (foresees to be another edition of) (Y26.1 has type: E55 Type {instance: other
edition in a different language}) Z12 Issuing Rule Y37 is former or current issuing rule of (has former or
current issuing rule) F18 Serial Work
F18 Serial Work Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Y38 has current issuing rule

30. 30
Describing a periodical:
aspects of a publication plan
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Y24 foresees use of title
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z10 Sequencing Pattern
Z11 URL
E35 Title
E56 Language
E54 Dimension
E55 Type
Y21 foresees use of language
Y22 foresees sequencing pattern
Y23 foresees dimension
Y20 foresees type
Y28 foresees URL
(of frequency, carrier, digital
format, content, medium…)

31. 31
Describing a periodical:
changes in a publication plan
Z12 Issuing RuleZ12 Issuing Rule
Y15 replaced
Z5 Issuing Rule
Change
Y16 replaced with
E52 Time-Span
E50 Date
P4 has time-span
P78 is identified by

32. 32
Relationships among periodicals
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Y25 foresees association with
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Z12 Issuing Rule
Y26 foresees other edition
Y27 foresees translation in
(supplement, insert…)
(different type of carrier,
abridged edition,
local edition…)
(Not expressed directly from F18 Serial Work to F18 Serial Work, as the
relationship can be stopped at any time without loss of identity for the involved
serials: the relationship is therefore viewed as part of the production plans for the
two serials involved in the relationship)

33. 33
Relationships between periodicals and monographs
Y39 is enhanced by monograph
Y40 enhances monograph
(special issue,
supplementing monograph…)
(base volume for an updating loose-leaf,
supplemented monograph…)
(Expressed directly from F18 Serial Work to F19
Publication Work, as the relationship remains valid at
any point in time throughout the life of the periodical)
F18 Serial Work
F18 Serial Work
F19 Publication Work
F19 Publication Work

34. 34
Continuations
F18 Serial Work
Y29 evolved into
Z1 Serial
Transformation
F18 Serial Work
F27 Work Conception
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
P134 continued
Z7 Ending of
Publication
Z6 Starting of
Publication

35. 35
‘Supersedes’
relationship
F18 Serial Work
Y31 was superseded by
Z1 Serial
Transformation
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
P134 continued
Z7 Ending of
Publication
Z6 Starting of
Publication
F27 Work Conception

36. 36
Absorptions
F18 Serial Work
Y35 was absorbed in
Z2 Absorption
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
E7 Activity
Z7 Ending of
Publication

37. 37
Separations
F18 Serial Work
Y30 was partially continued by
Z3 Separation
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
F27 Work Conception
Z6 Starting of
Publication

38. 38
Mergers
F18 Serial Work
Y34 was merged to form
Z1 Serial
Transformation
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
P134 continued
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
R23createda
realisationof
Y7merged
P134 continued
F27 Work Conception
Z7 Ending of
Publication
Z6 Starting of
Publication
P116 starts
Z7 Ending of
Publication

39. 39
Splits
F18 Serial Work
Y11 was split into
Z1 Serial
Transformation
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
P134 continued
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
R23 created a realisation of
Y6 initiated
P134 continued
Z7 Ending of
Publication
Z6 Starting of
Publication
Z6 Starting of
Publication
F27 Work Conception

40. 40
Temporary
replacements
F18 Serial Work
Z4 Temporary
Substitution
F18 Serial Work
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
F30 Publication
Event
R23 created a
realisation of
Y36 had surrogate
F27 Work
Conception
F30 Publication
Event
F30
Publication
Event
R23 created a
realisation of
R16 initiated
P9 consists of
P134 P134
P10 falls within
(if the replacing serial pre-exists)
P20 had specific purpose
(if the replacing serial
is created specifically
to replace the other one)

41. 4141
PRESSOO: now, soon and later
Implementers wanted
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

42. 42
PRESSOO: an IFLA standard
- World-wide review ended successfully on March 2015
- PRESSOO Review Group Created by cataloguing section SC
in August 2015 (IFLA meeting in Cape Town)
• Review and maintain PRESSOO on an ongoing basis
• Liaise with other standardisation bodies (IFLA, RDA…)
- Current project: declare PRESSOO element sets on open
metadata registry
• Under iflastandards.info domain name
• Foster implementations of the model
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

43. 43
Implementing PRESSOO
- ROAD, Directory of open access scholarly resources
• Bibliographic records of journals, book series, scholarly blogs,
conference proceedings, repositories
• Subset of ISSN registry
• Dump accessible under CC-BY-NC license
- PRESSOO model used for the ROAD database RDF
serialization
• Applied to 13 000+ ISSN records
• Home-made ROAD ontology for some ISSN record specificities (title
proper, variant title, etc.)
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015

44. 44
Thank you for your attention!
And special thanks to Patrick Leboeuf
for providing many slides for this
presentation
PRESSoo – Clément Oury – Meeting at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt, 8th December 2015