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SOLID STATE
INTRODUCTION
रसायन विज्ञान में ठोस-अिस्था ठोस पदाथों की संरचना, गुणों और
संश्लेषण का अध्ययन है। इसे कभी-कभी पदाथथ रसायन भी कहा
जाता है।
ठोस अिस्था
1. ठोस
कणों की वनवित स्स्थवत क
े बीच कम दू री और उनक
े बीच मजबूत
अंतःविया बल क
े कारण ठोस का वनवित आयतन, आकार और
द्रव्यमान होता है।
विस्टलीय ठोसों में अियिी कणों (परमाणु, अणु अथिा आयन) की
एक वनवित ज्यावमवत में विविम व्यिस्था होती है। इस विविम व्यिस्था
को ही विस्टल जालक कहते हैं, अथाथत् विविम आकाश में विस्टल
इकाइयों (अियिी कणों) की वनयवमत व्यिस्था को विस्टल जालक या
विविम जालक कहते हैं। ये विस्टलीय जालक एक विमीय, विविमीय या
विविमीय हो सकते हैं।
विस्टलीय ठोसों को िास्तविक ठोस माना जा सकता है। साधारण
नमक (NaCl),सुिोस (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁), हीरा, क्वार््थज, वसल्वर, ग्रेफाइर्,
आवद विस्टलीय ठोसों क
े उदाहरण हैं।
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID
ठोस क
े प्रकार :-
उनक
े घर्क कणों की व्यिस्था में मौजूद िम की प्रक
ृ वत क
े आधार
पर, ठोस या ठोस अिस्था को विस्टलीय और अविस्टलीय रूप में
िगीक
ृ त वकया जा सकता है।
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose
constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged
in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal
lattice that extends in all directions.
Crystalline solids have a characteristic shape, with the
arrangement of constituent particles of long-range order,
anisotropic in nature and a sharp melting point.
Examples of crystalline solids include salt (sodium chloride),
diamond, and sodium nitrate.
An amorphous solid is a substance whose constituent particles
do not possess a regular orderly arrangement e.g. glass,
plastics, rubber, starch, and proteins.
Amorphous or non-crystalline solid
Amorphous solids behave like super cool liquids as the
arrangement of constituent particles has short-range order,
isotropic in nature and no sharp melting point.
SOLID STATE H ppt.pptx
SOLID STATE H ppt.pptx
SOLID STATE H ppt.pptx

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SOLID STATE H ppt.pptx

  • 2. रसायन विज्ञान में ठोस-अिस्था ठोस पदाथों की संरचना, गुणों और संश्लेषण का अध्ययन है। इसे कभी-कभी पदाथथ रसायन भी कहा जाता है। ठोस अिस्था 1. ठोस कणों की वनवित स्स्थवत क े बीच कम दू री और उनक े बीच मजबूत अंतःविया बल क े कारण ठोस का वनवित आयतन, आकार और द्रव्यमान होता है।
  • 3. विस्टलीय ठोसों में अियिी कणों (परमाणु, अणु अथिा आयन) की एक वनवित ज्यावमवत में विविम व्यिस्था होती है। इस विविम व्यिस्था को ही विस्टल जालक कहते हैं, अथाथत् विविम आकाश में विस्टल इकाइयों (अियिी कणों) की वनयवमत व्यिस्था को विस्टल जालक या विविम जालक कहते हैं। ये विस्टलीय जालक एक विमीय, विविमीय या विविमीय हो सकते हैं। विस्टलीय ठोसों को िास्तविक ठोस माना जा सकता है। साधारण नमक (NaCl),सुिोस (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁), हीरा, क्वार््थज, वसल्वर, ग्रेफाइर्, आवद विस्टलीय ठोसों क े उदाहरण हैं।
  • 5. ठोस क े प्रकार :- उनक े घर्क कणों की व्यिस्था में मौजूद िम की प्रक ृ वत क े आधार पर, ठोस या ठोस अिस्था को विस्टलीय और अविस्टलीय रूप में िगीक ृ त वकया जा सकता है। A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. Crystalline solids have a characteristic shape, with the arrangement of constituent particles of long-range order, anisotropic in nature and a sharp melting point. Examples of crystalline solids include salt (sodium chloride), diamond, and sodium nitrate.
  • 6. An amorphous solid is a substance whose constituent particles do not possess a regular orderly arrangement e.g. glass, plastics, rubber, starch, and proteins. Amorphous or non-crystalline solid Amorphous solids behave like super cool liquids as the arrangement of constituent particles has short-range order, isotropic in nature and no sharp melting point.