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D4_Zahler
1. Concentrating Collectors for Process Heat Applications Dipl.-Phys. Christian Zahler PSE GmbH consulting engineers for renewable energies www.pse.de 15 June Local Renewables 2007
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5. Installed Capacity and Produced Energy - Worldwide (2005) Difficult: electric / thermal capacity, rated / max. power Source: IEA-SHC
6. Final Energy Consumption example: Germany Source : ARGE Energiebilanzen, VDE - Projektgruppe Nutzenergiebilanzen, Data from 2003
14. Absorption chillers - today‘s systems single-effect absorption double-effect absorption many products > 100 kW; few products <100 kW; water/LiBr, T drive 75°C...110°C ammonia/water, T drive > 160°C COP 0.7; several manufacturers; often direct fired; no products <100 kW; in most cases water/LiBr; COP 1.1; T drive 140°C...180°C Source: Henning, Fraunhofer ISE Absorption Technology
15. Typical figures Absorption Technology high COP dry cooling low temperature & advantages 0,6-0,7 1,1-1,4 0,7-0,8 Max. COP 160-180°C 140-180°C 70-90°C Driving temperature -20°-20°C 5-20°C 5-20°C Temperature of Cold 55 K 25 K 25 K Temperature lift (max) Single effect NH 3 /H 2 O Double effect H 2 O/LiBr Single effect H 2 O/LiBr