DRAWBACKS Redistribution of metals Essential metal loss No removal of metal from intracellular space Hepatotoxicity and Neurotoxicity Poor clinical recovery Pro-oxidant effects(DTPA) Increased blood pressure

1. Presented by

2. Madiha Shehbaz
2013-mscAZ-022
Presented by:

4. contents
Bio sorption
Heavy Metals
Bio sorption of heavy Metal
Mechanism
Factors affecting
Bio sorbent
Advantage
Uses

5. Biosorption
The biosorption process involves a solid phase (sorbent
or biosorbent biological material) and a liquid phase
(solvent, normally water) containing a dissolved
species to be sorbet (sorbet, metal ions).
Due to higher affinity of the sorbent for the sorbet
species, the latter is attracted and bound there by
different mechanisms

6. Heavy metals
• Heavy metals are chemical elements with a specific
gravity that is at least 5times the specific gravity of
water
• Arsenic 5.7 %
• Cadmium 8.65 %
• Iron 7.9 %
• Lead 11.34 %
• Mercury 13.56 %

7. Heavy metals in periodic table

8. Source of heavy metals in
the environment

9. Target organ toxicity of
metals
Zinc in blood cause
heme toxicity
arsenic in liver cause
hepatotoxicity
Mercury/lead in
brain cause
neurotoxicity
Cadmium in kidney,
lungs cause
nephrotoxicity

10. glycine & succinyl-CoA, with
decarboxylation
d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA).
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
as coenzyme
d-Aminolevulinate Synthase
porphobilinogen (PBG)
condensation of
two (ALA)
Heme

11. Metals in aquatic
environment
Insoluble metals deposited in river
sediments
More soluble at high temperature
Benthic organism accumulate the Benthic organism
through food chain
soluble in acidic water
Aquatic organism breathing take up from water during
respiration

12. Biomagnification
Biomagnification is the
incremental increase in
a contaminant's
concentration at each
level of the food chain

13. Bioconcentration is
defined as
occurring when
uptake from the
water is greater
than excretion
it is the opposite of
bio magnification,
thus a pollutant gets
smaller in
concentration as it
progresses up a
food web.
Bioconcentration Biodilution

14. Mechanism
• The mechanism of biosorption is complex, mainly
ion exchange, chelation, adsorption by physical
forces, entrapment in inter and intrafibrilliar
capillaries and spaces of the structural
polysaccharide network as a result of the
concentration gradient and diffusion through cell
walls and

15. Cont.…
• According to the dependence on the cell's
metabolism, bio sorption mechanisms can be
divided into:
Metabolism dependent
non-metabolism dependent/
physical adsorption

17. Conceptual model for the metal
removal by ion exchange.
M = Cu and Pb

18. Chelation
• Chelation is the formation
of metal ion complex in
which the metal ion is
associated with a charged
or uncharged electron
donor referred to as ligand.
A chelate is a cyclic
complex formed between
a metal and a compound
that contains two or more
ligands (binding site).

19. Chelating agent
• An agent frequently used in chelation therapy is
dimercaprol oral chelating agent used alternative
to BAL are 2,3demercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)
• Dimercaptopropanesulfate(DMPS)
• D-Penecillamine
• Deferoxamine, is often used to chelate iron
• EDTA also has an affinity for lead and was one of
the first chelator developed

22. Cont. …
• According to the location where the metal
removed from solution is found, biosorption can be
classified as
• Extra cellular accumulation
• Cell surface sorption
• Intracellular accumulation

23. Factors affecting
Biosorption
Biomass
concentration
Temperature seems not to
influence the bio sorption
performances in the range of
20-35 0C
pH

24. Bio remediation of metals
by algae
• Cladophora:
 Spp are best indicator
• Scenedesmus:
 Tolerant to the cu and Cr
• Cell wall of brown algae contain fucoidin and
alginic acid

25. Biosorption by plants
• Plants are unique ability to concentrate essential
and non essential elements from the soil, several
substance such as
• Phytoextraction
• Phytostabilization
• Rhizofiltration
• phytovolatilisation

26. Processes that takes place in
the root zone

27. Biosorption of heavy
metals
1. fungi
• Saccharomyces
• Filamentous fungi
• Rhizopus Arrhizus
2. Bacteria
• Bacillus subtilus
• B.licheniformes

28. Application
 Key feature of biosorption
• Heavy metal selectivity
• Coast effectiveness
• Metal recovery
• No sludge generation

29. This process requires
research and
investigation to modify
and effectiveness both in
long term and short term
process biosorption has
wide industrial
applications e.g. in metal
plating, mining
processing

30. References
• 1. G. Rich, K. Cherry, Hazardous Waste Treatment
Technologies, Pudvan Publishers, New york (1987)
• 2. R.K. Trivedi, Pollution Management in Industries,
Environmental Publications, Karad (1989)
• 3. B. Volesky, Biosorbent Materials, BiotechnoI.
Bioeng Symp., 16: 121-126 (1986)
• 5. N. Kuyucak and B. Volesky, Biosorbents for
recovery of metals from industrial solutions.
Biotechnol Left., 10 (2), 137-142 (1988)

31. References
• 6. Z. Aksu et a!., The biosorption of copper (II) by C.
vulgaris and Zramigera. Environ Technol., 13: 579-586
(1992)
• 7. T.R. Muraleedharan and C. Venkobachar,
Mechanism of biosorption of copper (II) by
Ganoderma lucidum. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 35: 320-
325 (1990)