Making Sense of Multiple Ideas with Affinity Diagrams
JOB EVALUATION MODULE 3.pptx
2. • A job evaluation is a systematic way of determining the value/worth
of a job in relation to other jobs in an organization.
• It tries to make a systematic comparison between jobs to assess their
relative worth for the purpose of establishing a rational pay structure.
• Job evaluation needs to be differentiated from job analysis.
• Job analysis is a systematic way of gathering information about a job.
• job evaluation begins with job analysis and ends at that point where
the worth of a job is ascertained for achieving pay equity between
jobs and different roles.
5. 1.RANKING METHOD
• In the ranking method of job evaluation, a whole job is compared with
others and rank is provided on the basis of this comparison. The usual
process followed in this method is as under:
• On the basis of job analysis, each member of the job evaluation
committee ranks each job independently either against the benchmark job
or against all other jobs. The ranking is provided to the job on the basis of
this comparison.
• In order to increase the reliability of ranking, this exercise is undertaken
twice or thrice by the members.
• If there are significant differences of opinions among the members about
the ranking of a particular job, the matter is settled by mutual
consultation, or by working out the average.
6. • Merits
• Ranking method has certain facial merits. Some of these merits are as
follows:
• The method is comparatively simple, easily understandable, and
mostly acceptable by labor unions. It is suitable for comparatively
smaller organisations which may not like to undertake more
laborious exercises.
• The method is less costly to undertake and maintain as compared to
other systems.
7. • Ranking method is judgmental and, therefore, it is affected by
personal preferences of job evaluators.
• This method ranks various jobs in order of their relative worth. It does
not specify the real difference between two jobs. For example, the
exact difference between job ranked at first and the job ranked at
second cannot be specified.
8. 2. Grading Method
• Job grading method also known as job classification method
establishes various grades for different categories of jobs. For example,
jobs of an operative may be classified as unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled and
highly-skilled. The process followed in this method is as under:
• At the initial stage. a number of job classes or grades is decided on the
basis of job analysis. Job grades can be determined on either of two bases.
First, all jobs may first be ranked and their natural classes may be
determined. The description of each job class is prepared covering all jobs
falling in a class. Second, the job evaluation committee may prepare a
series of job class description in advance on the basis of which various jobs
may be graded.
• Different characteristics of each job are matched with description of
job class and a job is placed in the class with which it matches best.
9. MERITS
• Grading system of job evaluation particularly in government jobs
is quite popular as this has certain merits over the ranking method.
These are as follows:
• It is quite simple to operate and understand as the relevant
information is provided by job analysis which serves other purposes
too.
• Job evaluation done on grading method makes wage and
salary determination easier as these are fixed in terms of various
grades of jobs.
10. DEMERITS
• Job grade description is vague and personal biases may distort
job grading as the method is not based on any scientific analysis.
• There are chances of employees’ resistance when new clusters of
jobs are prepared. This is evident by the fad that government
employees agitate when recommendations of a new pay commission
come.
•
11. 3. Point Method
• Point method of job evaluation is widely used in business
organisations. It is an analytical and quantitative method which
determines the relative worth of a job on the basis of points alloted
to each specific factor of a job. The sum total to these points allotted
to various job factors is the worth of the job. This total is compared
with that of other jobs and relative worth of various jobs
is determined.
12. 4. Factor Comparison Method
• In this method, each factor of a job is compared with the same factor
of the other jobs or the key job either defined or existing one. When
all factors are compared, the final rating is arrived at by adding the
value received at each comparison.
• five factors – mental effort, skill, physical effort, responsibility and
working conditions.
13. The procedure for factor comparison method
of job evaluation is as follows:
• At the initial stage, some key jobs which are well recognized are selected. These
jobs should be from a cross-section of departments. These should represent all
levels of wages and salaries which are considered fair, both internally as well as
externally.
• Various factors of the jobs which are to be considered for comparison, should be
identified. These factors may be mental requirement. Skills, physical
requirement, responsibility and working conditions.
• Each factor of a job is compared with the same factor of the key job and rank is
awarded. This exercise is repeated for all other factors.
• The relative worth of a job is determined by adding the ranks obtained
by different factors of a job. Sometimes, the rank is expressed in terms
of monetary values and these values are added together to get the correct
wage rate for the job.
14. MERITS
• The factor comparison method is more systematic and analytical
as compared to any other method and offers following merits:
• It provides more accurate information about the relative worth of a
job as different comparable factors are compared with key jobs.
• Since only limited number of factors relevant for the effective
job performance are compared, there are reduced chances of
overlapping.
• Since the evaluation is more systematic and analytical, its logic can
be accepted by trade unions and workers.
15. DEMERITS
• This method is quite costly and time consuming to install and difficult
to understand by those not fully conversant with job evaluation
process.
• If wage rates are adopted for making comparison, the system
may become obsolete very soon as there may not be proportionate
increase in wages for all jobs.
• This system considers only limited factors of job for comparison. This
may be a positive point so far as avoidance of duplication and
simplicity of procedure are concerned, but may ignore other factors
which may be important for the performance of the job.
16. WAGE POLICY
• The term wage policy refers to legislation or government action
undertaken to regulate the level or structure of wage, or both, for the
purpose of achieving specific objectives of social and economic policy.
• A wage policy guides organizations in taking decisions on wage-
related matters. At the organizational level, wage policies are framed,
keeping in mind various regulatory requirements and the
organizations own strategies.
17. Wage Policy – Concept
• A rational wage policy is essential both on social and economic
grounds. Without it there is a danger of unreasonable exploitation of
workers leading to discontent which must result in disharmony
between workers and management. Therefore, a sound wage policy is
needed in the interest of workers, employers, the Government and
the country.
18. Three concepts of wages are commonly used
in discussions on wage policy,
• 1. Minimum wage,
• 2. Living wage, and
• 3. Fair Wage.
• These are broadly based on the needs of the workers and the capacity
of employers to pay, as also on the general economic conditions
prevailing in a country.
19. MINIMUM WAGE
• A minimum wage is said to be a wage which is sufficient to satisfy at
least the minimum needs, of at least a frugal and steady workers.
According to the Committee on Fair Wages, the minimum wage is an
irreducible or minimum amount regarded necessary for the bare
sustenance of the worker and his family and for the preservation of
his efficiency at work.
• In most countries, like ours, Minimum Wages Legislation has fixed
minimum wages for specified occupations, especially where sweating
and exploitation of labour had been prevalent. In fixing a minimum
wage both the need of the workers and the capacity of the industry
to pay are taken into account.
20. LIVING WAGE
• It is a wage which should offer an employee incentive to work and produce enough in
quantity, without sacrificing quality, so that the payment of such a wage is justifiable by
the industry. The living wage for a worker should be such as to include not merely the
cost of maintenance for himself but also for supporting his family.
• As such, living wage should include provision for the following:
• i. Bare necessaries such as food, clothing and shelter;
• ii. A measure of frugal comfort includes – (a) education for children, (b) protection
against ill-health, (c) requirements of essential social needs, and (d) a measure of
insurance against the more important misfortunes including old age.
• iii. Some margin for self-development and recreation.
• The concept of living wage, to be realistic, should be linked with economic conditions
and the size of the family. While determining expenditure under various heads, attention
should be paid to the changes in the cost of living as prices fluctuate from time to time.
21. FAIR WAGE
• a wage rate is fair if it is equal to the rate prevailing in the same area and industry.
In the wider, sense, fair wage is the predominant rate available for similar jobs
and occupations throughout the country or in all industries.
• The demand for a fair wage is also reflected in the slogan ‘equal pay for equal
work’ In simple terms, it is the wage equal to that received by employees
performing equal work, demanding equal skill, equal difficulty and equal
unpleasantness. Equal work is considered not only in the same job but also work
in similar and comparable jobs. Fair wage is positively higher than the minimum
wage, but it may be lower than the living wage.
• The actual fixation of a fair wage depends upon the productivity of labour,
prevailing rates of wages, level of national income, capacity of the industry to pay,
wage differentials in corresponding places and the importance of industry in
relation to the national economy.
22. OBJECTIVES OF A GOOD WAGE POLICY
• A sound wage policy promotes industrial relations, protects against price rise, and
serves many more purposes:
• 1. Establish good labour relations
• 2. Decide on appropriate wages
• 3. Decide wages based on the individual’s capability
• 4. Develop a pre-determined scheme for payment of wages
• 5. Establish linkages of wage payment with performances
• 6. Maintain parity of wages with other organizations
• 7. Provide for incentive payment
• 8. Guarantee minimum wages
• 9. Provide for neutralization of price rise
• 10. Develop wage structures that can attract talent.
23. Wage Policy – Factors Considered to Form a Sound
Wage Policy
• Beside the basic factors provided by a job description and job evaluation,
those that are usually taken into consideration for wage and salary
administration are:
• I. The organizations ability to pay
• II. Supply and demand of labour
• III. The prevailing market rate
• IV. The cost of living
• V. Living wage
• VI. Psychological and sociological factors
• VII. Levels of skills available in the market