this is research study conducted in tertiary hospital namely kidney center in KP pakistan to assess the level of knowledge of professional Nurses regarding administrator of parental medication to patient suffering with kidney diseases to ensure and help in safe parental medication to patients in hosptals.

2. Assess Level of Nurses Knowledge Regarding Safe
Administration of Parenteral Medicine in Institute of
Kidney Diseases Peshawar
By
Inayat Ullah
Mph Student
Supervisor
Dr. Abdul Bias
2

3. introduction
o Safe drug administration is the prime responsibility of nurses. A
common opinion has been that the nurses’ involvement in
medication management is quite simple: giving the Right patient
the Right drug in the Right dose and Right administration form at
the Right time. ( 1 )
o In order to ensure a safe storage, dispensing and administration
of the drugs, the nurses must know the pharmacological
principles for each drug; the Regulations of drug management;
precautions for preparation; and considerations concerning
administration to patients. (2)
3

4. introduction
 Nurses are responsible for parenteral medication
administration to the patients and they must have
updated knowledge and training, to minimizing
human error and adverse events. (3)
 Adverse events of medication increase hospital stay
and cost. The most common cause of such
preventable events is human error related to lack of
knowledge regarding parenteral medication and
attention to care. All over the world 53% of events
are preventable. (3)
4

5. Rationale
 This study identify the knowledge gap regarding parenteral
medication among nurses which may leads to medication error in
term of route error, dosage error, dose insufficiency, adverse
effects, complications and premature death.
 This study provide recommendations for making policy regarding
interventions to correct parenteral medication error and prevent
unwanted consequences and premature death.
5

6. Research objective
 To Assess Level of Nurses Knowledge
Regarding Safe Administration of Parenteral
Medicine.
6

7. Operational Definition
 Administration route of medicine for the
purpose of treatment or investigation.
 Parenteral medicine use IM/IV/SC
 Medicine
7

8. Methodology
Study Design: cross sectional study design
Research Setting: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar,
Duration: From November 2020 to JANUARY 2021
8

9. Methodology.
• Sample Size:
• the propose sample size was
100 in this study.
 Sampling Technique: Convenient
Sampling
9

10. Faculty
Inclusion Criteria
 Staff Nurses working in Hayatabad
Medical Complex Peshawar.
Exclusion Criteria
Unwilling and those who are not
directly involve in patient care
10

11. Cont.….
 Data collected after departmental
permission.
 adopted questionnaire was filled from
participants.
 Informed consent was taken from eligible
participant
11

12. Cont.….
 Data entered into SPSS version 22 , and
analyzed accordingly
 The data displayed in the form of
percentage and frequency, chart and
table used to present study findings.
12

13. Research Finding
13
S
#
Variables Categori
es
Frequen
cies
Percent
ages
1 Age 20-30 30 30
31-40 60 60
>41 10 10
2 Gender Male 20 20
Female 80 80
3 Qualification (Nursing) Diploma 65 65
Bachelor 30 30
Master 5 5
4 Experience (in years) 1-2 30 30
3-5 20 20
>5 50 50

14. Knowledge Regarding Safe
Administration
14

15. Results )
15

16. Result
16

17. KEY=10-15
Degree
3/26/2023 17

19. 19

20. What do you think ,which one of them give only Intravenous
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Ceftrixone, Mecobalmin,
Dimenhydrante,Calcium
Gluconate 54 94.7 94.7 94.7
Mecobalmin,
Promethizine,Piroxicam,Bi
corbonate 2 3.5 3.5 98.2
Erothromycin,ATS,Dexame
thasone,Dimenhydrinate
1 1.8 1.8 100.0
Total
57 100.0 100.0
KEY=Ceftrixone, Mecobalmin, Dimenhydrante,Calcium
Gluconate
3/26/2023 20

21. KEY=Erthromycine 21

22. KEY=1ML
3/26/2023 22

23. S
#
Questions Stron
gly
Agree
Agr
ee
Disag
ree
Stron
gly
disag
ree
Don
’t
Kno
w
1 Is Safe administration of
injection very important?
91.2
%
8.
8%
0% 0% 0%
2 Do you think checking of
expiry date before
administration of parenteral
medications is important?
77.2% 19.3
%
1.8% 0% 1.8
%
3 Do you think unsafe
administration of medicine
cause complications?
59.6
%
28.1
%
1.8% 0% 10.
5%
4 Do you think Aseptic
techniques are important
during parental medication?
52.6
%
36.8
%
3.5% 1.8% 5.3
%
5 Do you think IM injection site,
rout and angle is different
from IV injection?
59.6
%
36
.8%
0% 3.5% 0%
6 Do you think hand washing is
important before and after
54.4% 40.4
%
3.5 % 1.8% 0%
3/26/2023 23

24. Results
S
#
Questions Stron
gly
Agree
Agr
ee
Disag
ree
Stro
ngly
disag
ree
Don
’t
Kno
w
7 Do you think following proper
guidelines are important for
parenteral medication?
52.6% 43.9
%
1.8% 0% 1.8%
8 Do you think Aspiration of
intramuscular injection is
important?
66.7% 22.8
%
5.3% 0% 5.3%
9 Do you think different types
of needles are required for
different types of parenteral
medication?
49.1% 42.1
%
1.8% 3.5% 3.5%
10 Do you think work burden
causes parenteral medication
error?
54.4% 29.8
%
1.8% 5.3% 8.8%

25. Conclusion
It is concluded from the study result that majority of
the nurses have an average level of knowledge
regarding parenteral medication. Majority of the
nurses practice standard and safely to facilitate
patient while giving medication. Results shows that
maximum of participants were using universal
precaution measures while caring patients.

26. Recommendation
 It is recommended that nurses knowledge regarding
medicine and their proper administration have to be
increased by including a quantified hours of study in
the curriculum.
 The knowledge regarding medication must be
updated with continuous refresh courses time by
time in the institution.
 Standard operating procedure have to be
supervised by the experts in the relevant field to
enhance the nursing care in light of developed
SOPs.

27. References
 1 Kelly J. Gonzales. Address: UNMC College of Nursing
985330 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
 2 Arzu Bahar, RN, PhD, Asissant Proffesor, Girne American
University School of Nursing, Kyrenia, Cyprus E
 3. E. Tissot, C. Cornette, S. Limat, M. Jacquet and M.-C.
Woronoff-Lemsi (correspondence, e-mail: marie-
christine.woronoff@ufc-chu.univ- fcomte.fr)
Pharmacy Department M. Becker and J.-L. Dupond:
Geriatric Department J.L. Mourand and J.-P. Etievent:
Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery Department,
Besançon University Hospital, Boulevard Fleming,
25030 Besançon Cedex, France
 4 Vincent C, Neale G, Woloshynowych M. Adverse events in
British hospitals: preliminary retrospective record review.
Bmj. 2001 Mar 3;322(7285):517-9.
5 Ehsani JP, Jackson T, Duckett SJ. The incidence and cost of
adverse events in Victorian hospitals 2003–04. The
Medical Journal of Australia. 2006 Jun ;184(11):551- 27

28. References
 6 Regenbogen SE, Greenberg CC, Studdert DM, Lipsitz
SR, Zinner MJ, Gawande AA. Patterns of technical error
among surgical malpractice claims: an analysis of
strategies to prevent injury to surgical patients. Annals of
surgery. 2007 Nov 1;246(5):705
 7 Anderson DJ, Webster CS. A systems approach to the
reduction of medication error on the hospital ward.
Journal of advanced nursing. 2001 Jul 1;35(1):34-4
 8 Bates DW. Preventing medication errors: A summary.
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2007
Jul 15;64(14).
28

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