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OLED
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING
DIODE
BY : HEMA PRAJAPATI
TO DISCUSS…
 What is OLED??
 History
 Structure of OLED
 Manufacturing of OLED
 Principle of working
 Types of OLED
 Comparison with previous technologies
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References
WHAT IS OLED??
 Light-emitting diode (LED) in which the EMISSIVE
ELECTROLUMICSENT layer (situated between electrodes) is a
film of organic compound which emits light in response to an
electric current…
 100 to 500 nanometers thick and about 200 times smaller
than human hair…
 Used to create DIGITAL DISPLAYS…
HISTORY…
 1950s :FIRST OBSERVATIONS in FRANCE by ADNRE’
BERNANOSE
 1960 :Development ohmic dark-injecting electrode
contacts to organic crystals by MARTIN POPE
 1963 :DC electroluminescence under vacuum on
anthracene was observed
 1965 :In absence of Electric Field, electroluminescence is
caused by recombination of thermalized holes and
electrons
 1975 :Electroluminescence from polymer films was
observed
 1980 :FIRST OLED was developed by DR.CHING W TANG &
STEVEN VAN SLYKE
OLED STRUCTURE
MANUFACTURING OF OLED
 Inkjet Printing Technique:
• Organic layers are sprayed onto the substrate
• Most commonly used for large displays
• Cheapest
• Similar to paper printing mechanism
• Highly efficient
 Organic Vapor Phase Deposition:
• Cooled substrate is being hit by organic molecules which were evaporated in a
low pressure, high temperature chamber. The gas is carried onto the substrate
with the help of carrier gas
• low cost
• efficient
 Vacuum Thermal Evaporation:
• Commonly known as Vacuum Deposition Method.
• Operation is carried out by gently heating the organic molecules so that they
evaporate and subside on the substrate.
• Economical
WORKING PRINCIPLE
OLED SCREEN DISPLAY FUNCTION
TYPES OF OLEDS
PASSIVE MATRIX OLED
 Strips of anode and cathode are
kept perpendicular to each other.
When they both are intersected ,
light is produced.
 Current is applied to selected
strips which helps in determining
the on or off pixels.
 Suitable for small screens like cell
phones , mp3 players , etc.
 Most power consuming than other
oleds
ACTIVE MATRIX OLED
 Full layers of cathode, anode,
organic molecules
 Thin Film Transistor matrix
(TFT) on top of anode which
helps in switching each pixel
forming image
 Least power consuming OLED
 Quicker refresh rates for video
 High resolution
 Suitable for large displays
TRANSPARENT OLED
 Anode, cathode and substrate
are transparent
 Both active and passive
 Bi-directional light emission
 Good contrast even in bright
sunlight
 Used in head-up displays ,
mobile phones , smart
windows , etc.
WHITE OLED
 Emits bright white light
 Replacement of fluorescent
tubes
 Consumes less power
 Cost effective
TOP EMITTING OLED
 Integrated with transistor
backplane that is not
transparent
 Reflective type substrate
 Used with AMOLED
 Used in matrix type
application such as SMART
CARD
FOLDABLE OLED
 Flexible metallic foil or plastic
substrate
 Light weight and durable
 Reduce breaking displays
 Can be used for clothing
technology
STACK OLED
 Use of composite colors as sub
pixels on top of each other
 This causes the reduction in pixel
gap and also an increase in color
depth
 Used as television displays
INVERTED OLED
 Use of bottom ,which is connected
to the drain end of an n-channel
TFT backplane
 Low cost
 Little application
COMPARISON
PARAMETERS CRT LCD PLASMA OLED
BRIGHTNESS SOME
COMPENSATE FOR
AMBIENT LIGHT
VERY POOR IN
DIRECT SUNLIGHT
AND UNEVEN
BLACK
LIGHTENING
SOME PANELS ARE
HIGLY REFLECTIVE
POOR IN BRIGHT
AMBIENT LIGHT
COLOUR EXCELLENT GOOD IN MOST
NEWER MODEL
EXCELLENT VIVID AND WIDE
GAMUT , BLUE
OLED DEGRADES
FASTER THAN
OTHERS
RESPONSE TIME 1 ms 1-8 ms SUB MILISECONDS SUB MILISECONDS
VIEWING ANGLE EXCELLENT POOR IN OLDER
MODELS,GETTING
BETTER IN NEWER
ONES
EXCELLENT EXCELLENT
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
HIGH LOW INCREASES WITH
BRIGHTNESS
VARIES WITH
BRIGHTNESS,LOW
ER THAN LCD
ADVANTAGES
Low cost in future
Light weight
Flexible plastic substrates
Wider viewing angles
Improved brightness
Better power efficiency and thickness
Better response time
FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS
DIMMING WINDOWS
SOLAR POWERED CLOTHING
SELF REFRESHING NEWSPAPER
CHALLENGES
Current costs are higher
Limited lifespan
Color balance issues
Efficiency of blue oled
Water damage
Low outdoor performance
Power consumption higher for white light
display
Oled seminar
CONCLUSION
 The revolutionizing technology of OLED has given a
new phase to screen displays
 It’s futuristic usage in clothing can’t be ignored
 Owing to it’s light weight ,flexibility and low power
consumption , OLED find its use in flexible gadgets
 Usage in low power consumption home lightening
in replacement of fluorescent tubes
REFERENCES
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED
www.oled-info .com
www.circuitstoday.com/working-of -organic-
led-oled
ELECTRONICS FOR YOU (MONTHLY MAGAZINE)
 GOOGLE IMAGES
Oled seminar
Oled seminar
Oled seminar

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Oled seminar

  • 2. TO DISCUSS…  What is OLED??  History  Structure of OLED  Manufacturing of OLED  Principle of working  Types of OLED  Comparison with previous technologies  Advantages and disadvantages  Applications  Conclusion  References
  • 3. WHAT IS OLED??  Light-emitting diode (LED) in which the EMISSIVE ELECTROLUMICSENT layer (situated between electrodes) is a film of organic compound which emits light in response to an electric current…  100 to 500 nanometers thick and about 200 times smaller than human hair…  Used to create DIGITAL DISPLAYS…
  • 4. HISTORY…  1950s :FIRST OBSERVATIONS in FRANCE by ADNRE’ BERNANOSE  1960 :Development ohmic dark-injecting electrode contacts to organic crystals by MARTIN POPE  1963 :DC electroluminescence under vacuum on anthracene was observed  1965 :In absence of Electric Field, electroluminescence is caused by recombination of thermalized holes and electrons  1975 :Electroluminescence from polymer films was observed  1980 :FIRST OLED was developed by DR.CHING W TANG & STEVEN VAN SLYKE
  • 6. MANUFACTURING OF OLED  Inkjet Printing Technique: • Organic layers are sprayed onto the substrate • Most commonly used for large displays • Cheapest • Similar to paper printing mechanism • Highly efficient  Organic Vapor Phase Deposition: • Cooled substrate is being hit by organic molecules which were evaporated in a low pressure, high temperature chamber. The gas is carried onto the substrate with the help of carrier gas • low cost • efficient  Vacuum Thermal Evaporation: • Commonly known as Vacuum Deposition Method. • Operation is carried out by gently heating the organic molecules so that they evaporate and subside on the substrate. • Economical
  • 9. TYPES OF OLEDS PASSIVE MATRIX OLED  Strips of anode and cathode are kept perpendicular to each other. When they both are intersected , light is produced.  Current is applied to selected strips which helps in determining the on or off pixels.  Suitable for small screens like cell phones , mp3 players , etc.  Most power consuming than other oleds
  • 10. ACTIVE MATRIX OLED  Full layers of cathode, anode, organic molecules  Thin Film Transistor matrix (TFT) on top of anode which helps in switching each pixel forming image  Least power consuming OLED  Quicker refresh rates for video  High resolution  Suitable for large displays
  • 11. TRANSPARENT OLED  Anode, cathode and substrate are transparent  Both active and passive  Bi-directional light emission  Good contrast even in bright sunlight  Used in head-up displays , mobile phones , smart windows , etc.
  • 12. WHITE OLED  Emits bright white light  Replacement of fluorescent tubes  Consumes less power  Cost effective
  • 13. TOP EMITTING OLED  Integrated with transistor backplane that is not transparent  Reflective type substrate  Used with AMOLED  Used in matrix type application such as SMART CARD FOLDABLE OLED  Flexible metallic foil or plastic substrate  Light weight and durable  Reduce breaking displays  Can be used for clothing technology
  • 14. STACK OLED  Use of composite colors as sub pixels on top of each other  This causes the reduction in pixel gap and also an increase in color depth  Used as television displays INVERTED OLED  Use of bottom ,which is connected to the drain end of an n-channel TFT backplane  Low cost  Little application
  • 15. COMPARISON PARAMETERS CRT LCD PLASMA OLED BRIGHTNESS SOME COMPENSATE FOR AMBIENT LIGHT VERY POOR IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND UNEVEN BLACK LIGHTENING SOME PANELS ARE HIGLY REFLECTIVE POOR IN BRIGHT AMBIENT LIGHT COLOUR EXCELLENT GOOD IN MOST NEWER MODEL EXCELLENT VIVID AND WIDE GAMUT , BLUE OLED DEGRADES FASTER THAN OTHERS RESPONSE TIME 1 ms 1-8 ms SUB MILISECONDS SUB MILISECONDS VIEWING ANGLE EXCELLENT POOR IN OLDER MODELS,GETTING BETTER IN NEWER ONES EXCELLENT EXCELLENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION HIGH LOW INCREASES WITH BRIGHTNESS VARIES WITH BRIGHTNESS,LOW ER THAN LCD
  • 16. ADVANTAGES Low cost in future Light weight Flexible plastic substrates Wider viewing angles Improved brightness Better power efficiency and thickness Better response time
  • 17. FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS DIMMING WINDOWS SOLAR POWERED CLOTHING SELF REFRESHING NEWSPAPER
  • 18. CHALLENGES Current costs are higher Limited lifespan Color balance issues Efficiency of blue oled Water damage Low outdoor performance Power consumption higher for white light display
  • 20. CONCLUSION  The revolutionizing technology of OLED has given a new phase to screen displays  It’s futuristic usage in clothing can’t be ignored  Owing to it’s light weight ,flexibility and low power consumption , OLED find its use in flexible gadgets  Usage in low power consumption home lightening in replacement of fluorescent tubes