2. TO DISCUSS…
What is OLED??
History
Structure of OLED
Manufacturing of OLED
Principle of working
Types of OLED
Comparison with previous technologies
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
3. WHAT IS OLED??
Light-emitting diode (LED) in which the EMISSIVE
ELECTROLUMICSENT layer (situated between electrodes) is a
film of organic compound which emits light in response to an
electric current…
100 to 500 nanometers thick and about 200 times smaller
than human hair…
Used to create DIGITAL DISPLAYS…
4. HISTORY…
1950s :FIRST OBSERVATIONS in FRANCE by ADNRE’
BERNANOSE
1960 :Development ohmic dark-injecting electrode
contacts to organic crystals by MARTIN POPE
1963 :DC electroluminescence under vacuum on
anthracene was observed
1965 :In absence of Electric Field, electroluminescence is
caused by recombination of thermalized holes and
electrons
1975 :Electroluminescence from polymer films was
observed
1980 :FIRST OLED was developed by DR.CHING W TANG &
STEVEN VAN SLYKE
6. MANUFACTURING OF OLED
Inkjet Printing Technique:
• Organic layers are sprayed onto the substrate
• Most commonly used for large displays
• Cheapest
• Similar to paper printing mechanism
• Highly efficient
Organic Vapor Phase Deposition:
• Cooled substrate is being hit by organic molecules which were evaporated in a
low pressure, high temperature chamber. The gas is carried onto the substrate
with the help of carrier gas
• low cost
• efficient
Vacuum Thermal Evaporation:
• Commonly known as Vacuum Deposition Method.
• Operation is carried out by gently heating the organic molecules so that they
evaporate and subside on the substrate.
• Economical
9. TYPES OF OLEDS
PASSIVE MATRIX OLED
Strips of anode and cathode are
kept perpendicular to each other.
When they both are intersected ,
light is produced.
Current is applied to selected
strips which helps in determining
the on or off pixels.
Suitable for small screens like cell
phones , mp3 players , etc.
Most power consuming than other
oleds
10. ACTIVE MATRIX OLED
Full layers of cathode, anode,
organic molecules
Thin Film Transistor matrix
(TFT) on top of anode which
helps in switching each pixel
forming image
Least power consuming OLED
Quicker refresh rates for video
High resolution
Suitable for large displays
11. TRANSPARENT OLED
Anode, cathode and substrate
are transparent
Both active and passive
Bi-directional light emission
Good contrast even in bright
sunlight
Used in head-up displays ,
mobile phones , smart
windows , etc.
12. WHITE OLED
Emits bright white light
Replacement of fluorescent
tubes
Consumes less power
Cost effective
13. TOP EMITTING OLED
Integrated with transistor
backplane that is not
transparent
Reflective type substrate
Used with AMOLED
Used in matrix type
application such as SMART
CARD
FOLDABLE OLED
Flexible metallic foil or plastic
substrate
Light weight and durable
Reduce breaking displays
Can be used for clothing
technology
14. STACK OLED
Use of composite colors as sub
pixels on top of each other
This causes the reduction in pixel
gap and also an increase in color
depth
Used as television displays
INVERTED OLED
Use of bottom ,which is connected
to the drain end of an n-channel
TFT backplane
Low cost
Little application
15. COMPARISON
PARAMETERS CRT LCD PLASMA OLED
BRIGHTNESS SOME
COMPENSATE FOR
AMBIENT LIGHT
VERY POOR IN
DIRECT SUNLIGHT
AND UNEVEN
BLACK
LIGHTENING
SOME PANELS ARE
HIGLY REFLECTIVE
POOR IN BRIGHT
AMBIENT LIGHT
COLOUR EXCELLENT GOOD IN MOST
NEWER MODEL
EXCELLENT VIVID AND WIDE
GAMUT , BLUE
OLED DEGRADES
FASTER THAN
OTHERS
RESPONSE TIME 1 ms 1-8 ms SUB MILISECONDS SUB MILISECONDS
VIEWING ANGLE EXCELLENT POOR IN OLDER
MODELS,GETTING
BETTER IN NEWER
ONES
EXCELLENT EXCELLENT
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
HIGH LOW INCREASES WITH
BRIGHTNESS
VARIES WITH
BRIGHTNESS,LOW
ER THAN LCD
16. ADVANTAGES
Low cost in future
Light weight
Flexible plastic substrates
Wider viewing angles
Improved brightness
Better power efficiency and thickness
Better response time
18. CHALLENGES
Current costs are higher
Limited lifespan
Color balance issues
Efficiency of blue oled
Water damage
Low outdoor performance
Power consumption higher for white light
display
20. CONCLUSION
The revolutionizing technology of OLED has given a
new phase to screen displays
It’s futuristic usage in clothing can’t be ignored
Owing to it’s light weight ,flexibility and low power
consumption , OLED find its use in flexible gadgets
Usage in low power consumption home lightening
in replacement of fluorescent tubes