Perpetrator pose reinstatement—viewing a criminal perpetrator's face in the same pose in which the witness saw him—should enhance face identification performance (e.g., Bruce, 1982). Witnesses likely encode culprits from different angles (left profile, front, right profile), but little research has examined whether pose reinstatement and viewing faces from multiple angles during a lineup improves identification accuracy. Two lineup procedures currently used in practice include photo lineups that show each face in frontal pose, and video lineups that show each face rotating left and right, 
revealing the whole face. We created a novel interactive lineup procedure, wherein witnesses were able to rotate the lineup faces into any pose, and addressed the following questions in our experiments: 1. Does encoding view influence discrimination accuracy? 
 2. Do multiple views at test enhance discrimination accuracy? 
 3. Do subjects reinstate pose and is pose reinstatement associated with accuracy? Our results indicate that learning conditions are important. Participants who viewed the perpetrator from the front at encoding had better discrimination accuracy than subjects who viewed the perpetrator from the profile. Multiple views at test—in video and interactive lineups—can enhance discrimination accuracy. When interacting with the lineup faces, we found that participants spontaneously reinstated the pose in which they had viewed the perpetrator. Pose reinstatement was associated with accuracy. We are continuing this line of work to examine whether interactive lineups can improve accuracy in other circumstances, such as in cross race identifications (i.e., people are worse at recognising faces of a different ethnic/racial background than their own).

1. Criminal identification
viewed from a different
angle:
Can a novel interactive
lineup procedure improve
accuracy?
Heather D. Flowe, Lisa Smith, Melissa F. Colloff, Harriet M. J. Smith,
Nilda Karoğlu & John Maltby

2. Acknowledgments & Sponsors:
-University of Leicester Department of Criminology
-University of Leicester Research Enterprise Dept.
-LT Commander R. McRight
-Andrew Ramsay, Leicestershire Police
-PROMAT
-Acume Forensic Ltd.

3. Video
false identifications
No benefit
Photo
Accuracy ~ 50%
(Clark et al., 2008) (e.g., Valentine et al., 2007)
(e.g., Clark, et al., 2015)

4. Study-test pose improves accuracy
(e.g., Bruce, 1982)
Pose-sensitivity in cortical regions
(e.g., Grill-Spector et al., 1999)
Interactivity improves recognition
(Liu et al., 2007)

5. Pose less influential (e.g., Logie et al., 1987)
Lineup decision (Bailenson et al., 2008)
Only interact at test (Lui et al., 2007)

6. Do interactive lineups enhance accuracy
more than photo and video lineups?
Do subjects reinstate study pose?
Is pose-reinstatement associated with
accuracy?

7. Lineup N = 2,907(TP / TA)(photo /video / interactive)

8. Do interactive lineups enhance accuracy
more than photo and video lineups?

9. CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate
Procedure A
Procedure B

10. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

11. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

12. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

13. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate
Interactive and video
lineups:
 Improve ability to
discriminate between
innocent and guilty
suspects

14. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

15. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

16. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

17. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate
Interactive and video
lineups:
 Improve ability to
discriminate between
innocent and guilty
suspects

18. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

19. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

20. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate

21. .0
.2
.4
.6
.8
.0 .2 .4
CorrectIdentificationRate
False Identification Rate
Interactive and video
lineups:
 Improve ability to
discriminate between
innocent and guilty
suspects

22. Do subjects reinstate study pose?
Is pose-reinstatement associated with
accuracy?

24. Accurate Inaccurate
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
Left Front Right Left Front Right
ProportionofTime
Perpetrator Video Pose
Lineup Face Left
Lineup Face Front
Lineup Face Right

25. Accurate Inaccurate
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
Left Front Right Left Front Right
ProportionofTime
Perpetrator Video Pose
Lineup Face Left
Lineup Face Front
Lineup Face Right
 Subjects reinstate
study pose
 Pose-reinstatement is
associated with
accuracy
F(4, 956) = 3.59, p = .006,
ηp
2 = .01, CI.95: .00-.03.

26. Accurate Inaccurate
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
Left Front Right Left Front Right
ProportionofTime
Perpetrator Video Pose
Lineup Face Left
Lineup Face Front
Lineup Face Right
 Subjects reinstate
study pose
 Pose-reinstatement is
associated with
accuracy
F(4, 956) = 3.59, p = .006,
ηp
2 = .01, CI.95: .00-.03.

27. Accurate Inaccurate
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
Left Front Right Left Front Right
ProportionofTime
Perpetrator Video Pose
Lineup Face Left
Lineup Face Front
Lineup Face Right

28. Accurate Inaccurate
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
Left Front Right Left Front Right
ProportionofTime
Perpetrator Video Pose
Lineup Face Left
Lineup Face Front
Lineup Face Right
 Subjects reinstate
study pose
 Pose-reinstatement is
associated with
accuracy
F(4, 1918) = 2.57, p = .04,
ηp
2 = .01, CI.95: .00-.01.

29. Accurate Inaccurate
.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
Left Front Right Left Front Right
ProportionofTime
Perpetrator Video Pose
Lineup Face Left
Lineup Face Front
Lineup Face Right
 Subjects reinstate
study pose
 Pose-reinstatement is
associated with
accuracy
F(4, 1918) = 2.57, p = .04,
ηp
2 = .01, CI.95: .00-.01.

30. Eyewitness accuracy depends on how
the perpetrator was encoded
Video & interactive lineups
enhance accuracy
Further research on interactive
lineups
Subjects reinstate study pose,
and this is associated with
accuracy

31. Heather D. Flowe, Lisa Smith, Melissa F. Colloff, Harriet M. J. Smith, Nilda Karoğlu &
John Maltby
Thank you for attending the session!
Comments, questions? h.flowe@bham.ac.uk