vernacular architecture

1. VERNACULAR ARCHITETURE OF RAJASTHAN
INTRODUCTION OF RAJASTHAN
Rajasthan is located in northwestern India,
bounded on the west and northwest by
Pakistan and shares domestic borders with the
states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. With a land
area of 342,239 sq km, Rajasthan is the largest
state in India geographically.
CLIMATE OF RAJASTHAN
The climate of Rajasthan in northwestern India is
generally arid or semi-arid
and features fairly hot temperatures over the year
with extreme temperatures in both summer and
winter.
TYPES OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN RAJASTHAN
1.Vernacular Architecture of jaipur. Mohamed Faseehun.
2. Rajasthan Vernacular House Jalwali and Khidrat. Madhu Sagar.
3. Patwon ki haveli. ARZEUS Architects.
4. Jaisalmer Architecture. Mohamed Faseehun.
5. Chalukyan architecture. aziz khan.
6. Jaipur. Kedhar Guhan.
7. Town plan auroville. Shourya Puri.
8. Auroville - City Planning. ams_5686.
TRIBES IN RAJASTHAN
1. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil,
Tadvi Bhil.Bhagalia,Bhilala,Pawra,Vasava
2. Bhil Mina.
3. Damor, Damaria.
4. Dhanka, Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi.
5. Garasia (Excluding Rajput Garasia.)
6. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor Katkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari.
7. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna.
8. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha.
9. Mina
10. Naikda, Nayaka, Cholivala Nayaka, Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka,
Nana Nayaka.
11. Patelia.
12. Seharia, Sehria, Sahariya.
CULTURE OF RAJASTHAN
Music and Dance are the examples of the traditional Rajasthani
culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic
deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known
as bhajans and banis (often accompanied by musical instruments
like dholak, sitar, sarangi etc.) are also sung.
BHONGA ARCHITECTURE OF RAJASTHAN
The Bhonga is a traditional construction type in kutch
district of the Gujarat in India , which has a very
earthquake risk . A Bhonga consists of single
cylindrically shaped room. The Bhonga has a conical
roof supported by cylindrical walls. Bhonga
construction has existed for several hundred years .

2. VERNACULAR ARCHITETURE OF GUJARAT
INTRODUCTION ABOUT GUJARAT
Gujarat is bordered by Rajasthan to the north east , Dadra and Nagar
Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south , Maharasthra to the
southeast , Madhya Pradesh to the east , and the Arabian Sea and the
Pakisthani province of Sindh to the west.
Country – INDIA
Formation – 1 May1960
Capital – Gandhinagar
Largest city – Ahmedabad
Districts – 33
Coordinates (Ahmedabad) 23N 13’N72 41’E
CLIMATE OF GUJARAT
1.Extreme climate and temperature
2. With an average annual rainfall of approximately 14 inches .
3. The temperature ranges from 2 degrees Celsius in the winter
4. 45 degrees Celsius in the summer
5. The three main seasons are :-
*Summer from February to june
*Monsoon season from july to September
*Winter from October to January.
6. The relative humidity is less than 60 percent
7. The average wind speed is 10-15km per hour
8. The wind direction is west and north west during
summer and monsoon and north during winter.
SETTLEMENT DESIGN OF GUJARAT
Settlement design contains :-
1. Plinth
2. Circular closed space
3. Open gathering Settlement design
plinth (otla)
ABOUT BHONGA ARCHITECTURE
The Bhonga is a traditional construction type in the Kutch district
of the Gujarat state in India which has a very high earthquake risk
. A Bhonga consists of a single cylindrically shaped room. The
Bhonga has a conical roof supported by cylindrical walls. Bhonga
construction has existed for several hundred years.
CULTURE OF GUJARAT
Gujarat is a flourishing state with cultural
diversity . It is vibrant with its true colors of
rich heritage and cultural traditions. Dating
back to history with the harappan
civilization , the state becomes a
confluence of many religins - Hinduism,
Jainism, Islam and Buddhism.

3. VERNACULAR ARCHITETURE OF KASHMIR
CLIMATES
1. Having humid severe
2. Raw winters
3. Short mild summers
RURAL BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR
1. Rural building constructed in Kashmir are in a traditional
way by the people (often referred to as vernacular
buildings ) become an integral part of the local cultural
heritage.
2. These buildings often reflect the strength of the
community to house itself independent of any outside
intervention.
3.They are a manifestation of architectural systems
optimized over time for a particular contest with regard to
climate , soil or the threat of natural disasters .
4. Constructed from local materials with local skills and a
deep understanding of local social andeconomic
constraints , traditional architecture is in many aspects
sustainable.
A number of building systems in various parts of Kashmir have developed over time
to accommodates local climatic and cultural factors , including the impact of
earthquakes . The buildings have depended completely upon stone , mud , bricks
and wood for roofing as well as walling . Untill very recently a valid option for local
constructions.
1. Winter is cold which is common in Kashmir . Thick walls of bricks and stones with
mud plaster provide excellent protection against this as does a thick mud timber
roof .
2. The lighter pitched roof made of timber and CGI sheets in combination with the
attic floor also ensures livable condition inside the house in winter and summer.
3. The sleep pitch of the light roof permits little accumulation of snow and prevents
any water leakages.
URBAN PATTERN
The urban areas of the valley have
architecture that is distinct from all
other areas .The main factor
determining is this architecture is the
high density of development . This
calls for vertical growth resulting .
The two most common walling
systems observed are.
TAAQ TYPE
Consisting of brick masonry interlaced with heavy
timber bands supported on large masonry piers
made of baked bricks.The taaq type of construction
has a large number of windows (Taaq means
window ) one in each gap between the piers . The
roofs are two and four sided.
DHAJJI TYPE
Timber frame and infill consisting
of baked or unbaked bricks .
The timber frames in the Dhajji
wall are generally well laid out
with a system of diagonal bracings
that provide a distinct path to the
ground for the stresses caused by
lateral seismic forces .
HEATING AND COOKING SYSTEM IN HOUSE
Wood burning stoves are made from mud by the lady of the house . An
ingenously efficient water heating system used to be incorporated in the
construction of the kitchen wall just to one side of the stove .
The system considered of a copper vessel embedded in the masonry wall
with openings for a water inlet and outlet . A cavity is made in the wall
such that the hot gases from the stove go round the tank and heat its
content . While cooking is in progress the water is heated continuously.
Traditionally the houses had fireplaces . But today the simple wood burning
space heating stoves called Bukhari , made out of galvanized iron sheets
have become very popular since they do not involve additional expense in
construction.