Bionanotechnology is a science that sits at the convergence of nanotechnology and biology. Nanobiology and nanobiotechnology are other names that are used interchangeably with bionanotechnology.

1. HARI KESAVAN G
II MSC BIOCHEMISTRY

2. INTRODUCTION
• Bionanotechnology is a science that sits at the
union of nanotechnology and biology.
• Nanobiology and nanobiotechnology are other
names that are used interchangeably with
bionanotechnology.
• Nanotechnology is usually defined as the
manipulation of materials that range from the
nanometer (nm) to the micrometer (um) scale.
• Nanoscale materials have unusual properties
distinct from bulk materials.

3. Nanomedicine
• Nanomedicine is the medical application
of nanotechnology.
• Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications
of nanomaterials and biological devices,
to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future
applications of molecular nanotechnology such
as biological machines.
• The size of nanomaterials is similar to that of most
biological molecules and structures; therefore,
nanomaterials can be useful for both in vivo and in
vitro biomedical research and applications.

4. • Thus far, the integration of nanomaterials with
biology has led to the development of
diagnostic devices,
• Contrast agents,
• Analytical tools,
• Physical therapy applications
• Drug delivery vehicles.

5. DRUG DELIVERY
• One application of nanotechnology in medicine
currently being developed involves employing
nanoparticles to deliver drugs, heat, light or other
substances to specific types of cells (such as
cancer cells).
• Particles are engineered so that they are
attracted to diseased cells, which allows direct
treatment of those cells. This technique reduces
damage to healthy cells in the body and allows
for earlier detection of disease.

6. RECENT TRENDS
• Researchers at the University of Illinois have
demonstrated that gelatin nanoparticles can be
used to deliver drugs to damaged brain tissue
more efficiently than standard methods. This has
been demonstrated in the lab, the researchers
hope that this method will result in more
effective drug delivery for brain injuries.
• Researchers are developing a nanoparticle that
can be taken orally and pass through the lining of
the intestines into the bloodsteam.

7. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THERAPHY
• Nanoparticles composed of polyethylene glycol-hydrophilic
carbon clusters (PEG-HCC) have been shown to absorb free
radicals at a much higher rate than the proteins out body
uses for this function. This ability to absorb free radicals
may reduce the harm that is caused by the release of free
radicals after a brain injury.
• A method to make radiation therapy more effect in fighting
prostate cancer is using radioactive gold nanoparticles
attached to a molecule that is attracted to prostate tumour
cells. Researchers believe that this method will help
concentrate the radioactive nanoparticles at the cancer
tumors, allowing treatment of the tumors with minimal
damage to healthy tissue.

8. • Nanoparticles, when activated by x rays, that
generate electrons that cause the destruction
of cancer cells to which they have attached
themselves. This is intended to be used in
place of radiation therapy with much less
damage to healthy tissue.
• A nanoparticle cream that releases nitric
oxide gas to fight staph infections.

9. Nanosensors
• Nanosensors are chemical or mechanical sensors that
can be used to detect the presence of chemical species
and nanoparticles, or monitor physical parameters
such as temperature, on the nanoscale.
• They also find use in medical diagnostic applications.
• Graphene nanoelectric heterodyne sensors are
wearable sensors that continuously monitor the
condition of patients with diabetes, lung disease,
anemia, and high blood pressure.
• The nanosensor detects abnormal levels of airborne
chemicals such as nitric oxide and oxygen