1.
TOWARDS
JAKARTA NET
ZERO
BY 2050
PROSPER.NET LEADERSHIP PROGRAMME 2022
GROUP 1

2.
04
Table of contents
01
Background
Outcomes
02
Issues
05
Monitoring Plan
03
Aim
06
Implementation

3.
Net Zero
Transportation
Sector in Jakarta by
2050

4.
Background
01

5.
Background: Location
Jakarta, Indonesia

6.
Jakarta andmetropolitan area
Area
4384 sq. km.
13,000 people per sq. km.
Population Growth
1980: 11.4 million people
2018: 34 million people (10 million in Jakarta)*
Growth between 1980 and 2018: 198%
Decadal growth rate: 5.2% per decade
01
02
*Rustiadi et al, 2009

7.
1st
Out of 100 cities Most vulnerable to the impacts of
climate crisis
Dangers:
1. Massive floods, 2020
2. Extreme weather and increasing temperature
3. Rising sea level (3 m. in the last 30 years)
13 rivers, 40% land
mass below sea level
10 million residents are extremely
vulnerable to climate risk
Source: C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. (2020), Benefits of Urban Climate Actions, C40 Cities Technical Assistance Report 2020,
p.2. Available at: https://www.c40.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Jakarta-%E2%80%93-Electrification-of-the-Bus-Fleet.pdf.
[Accessed: 13 December 2022]

8.
National Policy and Regulatory Framework - Climate Change Mitigation

9.
Nationally Determined Contribution
Updated NDC After COP27, Egypt (Nov 2022)
Indonesia has unveiled its new updated nationally determined contribution (NDC)
under the Paris Agreement, which increases the country’s 2030 emission
reduction target from 29% to 31.89% (unconditionally) and from 41% to 43.2%
(conditionally), compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. Indonesia’s
previous targets were set in its July 2021 updated NDC.
Source: EnerData, 2022
31.89% (unconditionally)
&
43.2% (conditionally)

10.
Issues
02

11.
Issues
2020
Pandemic - large scale social restrictions - 39.9% reduction in the
level of CO2
Reduction in NO2 and SO2 concentrations of 7.5% and 5.7%,
respectively (Anugerah et al., 2021). These findings presume
that urban mobility strongly correlates with a high CO2
level.
2019
Jakarta - one of the top five
most polluted cities globally
Source: Yos Sunitiyoso, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Muhamad Rizki, Valid Hasyimi. (2022). Public acceptance and the environmental impact of
electric bus services, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 109, 2022, 103358, ISSN 1361-9209,

12.
Source: C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. (2020), Benefits of Urban Climate Actions, C40 Cities Technical Assistance Report 2020, p.2. Available at:
https://www.c40.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Jakarta-%E2%80%93-Electrification-of-the-Bus-Fleet.pdf. [Accessed: 13 December 2022]

13.
Aim
03

14.
Aim and Objectives
Towards Jakarta Net Zero by 2050
Transport Sector Management
The transport sector’s
emissions are reduced
Tree cover in Jakarta is
increased
More people use public
transportation
Cycle/pedestrian friendly
infrastructure is developed

15.
MORE PEOPLE USE THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT
PM 2.5
Motorcycles
13 million registered
Vehicles
17 million registered
50%
PM 10
70%
Source: C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. (2020), Benefits of Urban Climate Actions, C40 Cities Technical Assistance Report 2020, p.3. Available at:
Contribution
of
transport
to
emissions
Source: Nanda Noor, Adi Pradana and Muhamad Rizki (2019). Personalizing Carbon-Footprint from Our Travels to Mobilize Climate Action. WRI Indonesia.
Available at: https://wri-indonesia.org/en/blog/personalizing-carbon-footprint-our-travels-mobilize-climate-action. [Accessed 13 December 2022]
>400 hours per person per year - spent in
commute

16.
Source: http://report.licorice.pink/blog/indonesia/indonesian-people-are-still-unwilling-to-use-public-transportation/r 2022]

17.
Source: http://report.licorice.pink/blog/indonesia/indonesian-people-are-still-unwilling-to-use-public-transportation/r 2022]

18.
Increasing Renewable Energy in Transport Sector
In Indonesia, the transport sector is the second highest
energy user after the household sector (Nizam, 2020).
More than 94% energy use in the transport sector in
Indonesia comes from fuel.
Source: Nanda Noor, Adi Pradana and Muhamad Rizki (2019). Personalizing Carbon-Footprint from Our Travels to Mobilize Climate Action. WRI Indonesia. Available at: https://wri-
indonesia.org/en/blog/personalizing-carbon-footprint-our-travels-mobilize-climate-action. [Accessed 13 December 2022]

19.
100% Electrification and Increasing Energy Efficiency of Public Transport
In Indonesia, the transportation sector was
dominated by private vehicles, consuming energy for
approximately 29% of the national total energy use in
2016, making the transportation sector the second
highest energy user after the household sector
(Nizam, 2020).
Source: Nanda Noor, Adi Pradana and Muhamad Rizki (2019). Personalizing Carbon-Footprint from Our Travels to Mobilize Climate Action. WRI Indonesia. Available at:
https://wri-indonesia.org/en/blog/personalizing-carbon-footprint-our-travels-mobilize-climate-action. [Accessed 13 December 2022]

20.
Cycle / Pedestrian Friendly Infrastructure
A study using a tracking app ranked Indonesia last
among 46 countries and territories in average steps
per person, at only 3,513 a day.
Only 7 percent of the capital’s 4,500 miles of road
have sidewalks, according to local government
data.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/jakarta-walking-study-sidewalks.html

21.
Increasing Tree Cover in Jakarta
Ambitious and Very Ambitious scenarios of reforestation
activities in Indonesia can significantly contribute to its
Nationally Determined Contribution in 2030 of forestry by
reducing the Indonesia BAU emission by up to 17% and
35%. The potential for carbon uptake from reforestation
activities during 2019–2030 may reach as much as −2.7
GtCO2e. In general, based on Indonesian national data and
other studies, the potential value of carbon sequestration
from reforestation activities in Indonesia is more than 20
MtCO2e yr−1 up to a maximum of 247 MtCO2e yr−1.
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/3/447/htm#

22.
Increasing Tree Cover in Jakarta
That’s the finding from a new study by researchers from
Indonesia, Japan and the U.S., published Nov. 9 in the
journal Environmental Research Letters. It estimated that a
moratorium on all wetland clearing could potentially increase
carbon sequestration and storage by up to 1,001 million
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, or MtCO2e, per
year. That’s double the emissions reduction target from the
forestry and other land use sector, or FOLU, that Indonesia
committed to when it signed up to the Paris climate
agreement. Adding dryland protection into the equation, the
estimated potential goes up to 1,302 MtCO2e annually, the
study says.
https://news.mongabay.com/2022/12/protecting-wetlands-is-key-to-indonesia-hitting-its-climate-goals-study-says/

23.
Urban Forest in Jakarta
Source: Permata, N & Wijaya,
Syartinilia & Munandar, A. (2018).
The actual use of urban forest for
Jakarta’s dwellers. IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental
Science. 179. 012036. 10.1088/1755-
1315/179/1/012036.

24.
The plan of green areas
in the Rencana Tata
Ruang Wilayah Jakarta
Deden Rukmana (2015) The Change and
Transformation of Indonesian Spatial Planning after
Suharto's New Order Regime: The Case of the
Jakarta Metropolitan Area, International Planning
Studies, 20:4, 350-370, DOI:
10.1080/13563475.2015.1008723
1985-2005

25.
The plan of green areas in
the Rencana Tata Ruang
Wilayah Jakarta
Deden Rukmana (2015) The Change and Transformation of
Indonesian Spatial Planning after Suharto's New Order
Regime: The Case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area,
International Planning Studies, 20:4, 350-370, DOI:
10.1080/13563475.2015.1008723
2000-2010

26.
Outcomes
04

27.
Towards Jakarta Net Zero by 2050
The public transport’s
emissions are reduced
Increasing tree cover in Jakarta
More people are using
public transportation
Developing cycle/pedestrian
friendly infrastructure
1.1. The accessibility of public
transportation service
should be within this
distance.
Reference:
https://towardsdatascience.com/public-
transportation-range-of-service-
identifying-the-unserved-citizens-in-
jakarta-city-eaf8f3446fce
Activity: Feasibility Research.
1.2. More
promotion/Discounted/Fre
e trips by public transport
Reference:
https://en.antaranews.com/news/226133
/jakarta-amid-indonesias-public-
transportation-problems
Activity:
1.3. Measures to reduce the
usage of car or private
vehicle.
Reference: Sitanggang &
Saribonan, 2017
Activity:Increased tariff for car or
motorbikes, Restricted hours for
cars or motorbikes to enter the
city centers.
1.4. The public awareness is
raised.
2.1 Increasing the using of
renewable energy on public
and private transportation
Reference:
https://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/how-can-
indonesia-achieve-more-sustainable-transport-
system
Activity: Implement the use of
hydrogen/solar panel/gas
based energy on vehicles
2.2 Electrifying 100% public
transport
Reference:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228485637_An_
Exploration_of_Public_Transport_Users'_Attitudes_and_Prefere
nces_towards_Various_Policies_in_Indonesia_Some_Preliminar
y_Results
Activity: Research,
2.3 Energy efficiency in the
public transport is enhanced
Reference: https://lcdi-
indonesia.id/wp-
content/uploads/2021/10/GE-
Report-English-8-Oct-lowres.pdf
Activity: Making more policy
on renewable energy using
3.1. More bike lanes/bike
parking stations/ bike
renting apps
Reference:https://www.itdp.org/2021/08/2
0/bicycles-the-future-mode-for-traffic-
choked-jakarta/ ;
Activity: Increased tariff for
motorcycles and cars;
Restricted hours for
motorcycles and cars in the city
center,
3.2 Proper pedestrian
pathways
Reference:https://www.nytimes.com/2017/
08/20/world/asia/jakarta-walking-study-
sidewalks.html
Activity: Design guideline of
pedestrian, Policy to extend
area of pedestrian
3.3 Street Security and
Safety Management
Reference:https://www.thejakartapost.com
/news/2015/08/07/jakarta-have-
extensive-cctv-system.html
Activity: Policy to enforce the
street and pedestrian usage;
Provide places for vendor on
the street, modern parking
system
4.1. Restoration Mangrove and Seagrass in Coastal to increase carbon
sink and capacity of carbon sequestration
Reference: Husodo, Teguh & Palabbi, Sahbuddin & Abdoellah, Oekan & Nurzaman, Mohamad & Fitriani,
Nurullia & Partasasmita, Ruhyat. (2017). Short communication: Seagrass diversity and carbon
sequestration: Case study on Pari Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 18. 10.13057/biodiv/d180438.
Activity: Mangrove Campaign, Mangrove Planting, Workshops, Free baby
mangrove providings
4.2. Urban Forest
Reference: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/3/447/htm#
- Permata, N & Wijaya, Syartinilia & Munandar, A. (2018). The actual use of urban forest for Jakarta’s
dwellers. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 179. 012036. 10.1088/1755-
1315/179/1/012036.
Activity: Supporting research focused on urban forest, space providing,
workshops, Provide to restore forest
4.3. Green Infrastructure: Increasing green public space to absorb
water
Reference:
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/benefits/index_en.htm
Kawata, Yukichika. Green Infrastructures in Megacity Jakarta: Current Status and Possibilities of Mangroves
for Flood Damage Mitigation. 2022. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_21
Deden Rukmana (2015) The Change and Transformation of Indonesian Spatial Planning after Suharto's
New Order Regime: The Case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, International Planning Studies, 20:4, 350-
370, DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2015.1008723
Activity: Provide space to create green public space, Designing green space
to absorb water
4.4 Blue infrastructure: Reconnecting water management in city
Henny, Cynthia & Meutia, Ami. (2014). Urban Lakes in Megacity Jakarta: Risk and Management Plan for
Future Sustainability. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 20. 737-746. 10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.088.
Activity: Connect hydrology system to support water management,
Integrate hydrologysystem with green space

28.
Implementer
NOTE: THE STATUS OF JAKARTA AS CAPITAL WOULD BE CHANGED BY
NUSANTARA (A CITY IN NORTH PENAJAM PASER, EAST KALIMANTAN) IN
Government
Ministries:
● The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)
● The Ministry of Finance (MoF)
● The Ministry of Research and Technology
● The Ministry of Transportation (MoT)
● The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning /
National Land Agency
● The Ministry of National Development Planning
(BAPPENAS)
● The Ministry of State Owned Enterprises (BUMN)
● The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Bodies:
● BPS (The Central Agency on Statistics)
● BRIN (The National Research and Innovation Agency)
THE GOVERNMENT OF SPECIAL PROVINCE OF JAKARTA
(e.g BAPPEDA, BPS JAKARTA, etc)
National Legislative
The special province of Jakarta legislative
Partners
● GIZ / GTZ
● WORLD BANK
● ITDP (Transport)
● JICA
● Green Technology Centre Korea
● IESR
● G20 PARTNERSHIPS
● Many local, national, international
communities (E.g KOPHI, PETARUNG,
GREENPEACE, GREEN GENERATIONS,
etc)

29.
Jakarta
Provincial
Government
-
Administrative
Structure
Source:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228424073_
Coping_with_Growth_and_Sustainable_Development_Urban_
Management_Indicators_in_Jakarta (Accessed Dec 13, 2022)

30.
Monitoring
Plan
05

31.
Monitoring Plan
OUTPUT PHASE1 (2023-2028)
NOTE:JAKARTASTATUSASINDONESIA’S
CAPITALWOULDBECHANGEDIN2024
PHASE2 (2029-
2034)
PHASE3 (2035-2040) PHASE4 (2041-2045) PHASE5 (2046-2050)
1. MORE PEOPLE ARE
USING PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
Feasibility research about
more locations for bus stations.
Workshops among relevant
stakeholders to develop
suitable policies/tariff
Construction plans for
more bus stations
International field trips
to study best practices.
Public opinions survey
Construction
implementation
Policy development
Construction finish and into
use.
Policy pilot and feedback.
Policy finalization.
100% of People Use Public
Transportation In Jakarta
2. REDUCING
EMISSION FROM
TRANSPORTATION
Feasibility research about
renewable energy options for
transport
Proposal development
International workshops
to call for funding
Workshops
Workplan development
Implementation pilot
The rest implementation 100% of Renewable Energy
Using For Public Transport In
Jakarta
3. CYCLER
/PEDESTRIAN-
FRIENDLY
INFRASTRUCTURE
- Study existing pedestrian
- Planning and design system
of pedestrian
Proposal development
International workshops
to call for funding
Construction pilot and
feedback
The rest construction 100% of Infrastructure For
Public Use In Jakarta
4. NATURE-BASED
SOLUTION IN
COASTAL CITY
RESTORATION MANGROVE
AND SEAGRASS IN COASTAL
TO INCREASE CARBON SINK
AND CAPACITY OF CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
- Feasibility of the location of
forest in coastal area
- Involve stakeholder of issue
- Proposal development
International workshops
to call for funding
- Implement to restoration
mangrove forest
- Expand restoration
planning the amount of
forest
-Construction pilot and
feedback
-Connect linkage of tree
corridor
- Increasing urban forest in
urban area
100% of Restoration Mangrove
Forest And Urban Forest In
Jakarta

32.
Indicators
TOWARDSJAKARTANETZERO
BY2050
1. MOREPEOPLEAREUSING
PUBLICTRANSPORTATION
The proportion of people using public
transportation annually
3.DEVELOPING
CYCLING/PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY
INFRASTRUCTURE
The proportion of people walking
for working entertaining purposes
4. INCREASINGTREECOVERIN JAKARTA
The proportion of green space compared to
covered lands
4.1. RESTORATION MANGROVE AND
SEAGRASS IN COASTAL TO INCREASE
CARBON SINK AND CAPACITY OF CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
- Existing of mangrove forest
- Condition of sea level rise
4.2. URBAN FOREST
- The number of forest in urban areas
- The number of green open space
4.3. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: INCREASING
GREEN PUBLIC SPACE TO ABSORB WATER
- The flow of water to Infiltration in
public space
4.4 BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE: RECONNECTING
WATER MANAGEMENT IN CITY
- The number of hydrology system
2.1 Increasing the using of
renewable energy on public and
private transportation
- The percentage of
renewable energy using
- The decreasing of fuel using
2.3 Incentive on hydrogen, solar
panel, and gas on land
transportation
- The decreasing of fuel
energy
- The higher
2. REDUCINGEMISSIONFROMTHE
TRANSPORTSECTOR
The amount of emissions from the
transport sector
1.1. The accessibility of public
transportation service should be within this
distance.
-The number of bus stations/buses in
operation.
-The decreasing of private transport users
-The increasing of public transport users
1.2. More promotion/Discounted/Free trips
by public transport
-The number of promotion/discounted/free
trips by public transportation
-The number of passengers on
promotion/discounted/free trips by public
transportation
1.3. Measures to reduce the usage of car or
private vehicle.
-The number of cars/private vehicles
registered annually.
-The number of car/motorbikes travelling in
the city center during rush hours.
1.4. The public awareness is raised.
-The proportion of people changing their mind
to use public transportation.
3.1. MORE BIKE LANES/BIKE PARKING
STATIONS/BIKE RENTING APPS
- The number of people using
- The number of bike
3.2 PROPER PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS
- The number of renovated
pedestrian pathways
- The number of new pedestrian
pathways
- The number of pedestrian
pathways that are appreciated
by people.
3.3 STREET SECURITY AND SAFETY
MANAGEMENT
- Death rate of people
- Street criminals number
(robbery, etc)
- Street accident numbers
Indicators

33.
Implementation
06

34.
Implementation Strategies
Implementation process strategies enable an innovation to be planned and
delivered over the different stages of implementation. These include assessing the
context, engaging with key stakeholders, and monitoring implementation and
making improvements.

35.
Challenges, Risks, and Mitigating Measures
Socio-culture
(for example: the
transition, private
to public transport
using)
Chaos/ Rejection
(i.e. Lands for trees,
Public survey.
Awareness-raising
campaigns
Challenge
Risks
Mitigating
Measures
Net Zero
Adaptation
Financial
Resources/Fun
ding Priority
1 2
Conflict of
Interest
Corruption
Economic gaps
(between
business and
public
interest)
3
Existing Urban
Planning
Research and
coordinate
Support
Good
Governance
Technical
capacity/Tech
nology
Land Pricing
Funding from
international
organizations
Policies
Capacity
building (by
international
organizations)
Various of
Stakeholder
Transparent
Public Channel
4 5 6
Political
Status
Economic gaps
(between
business and
public
interest)
Various of
Stakeholder

36.
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Thanks!
Our Gratitude
We would like to thank UNU-IAS, all mentors,
and the partners during the PROSPER.NET
LEADERSHIP PROGRAMME 2022