3. Hi st ol ogy i s an i mpor t ant f i el d of f i sh
heal t h t hat can of t en det ect subt l e
condi t i ons or ear l y si gns of di sease not
easi l y r ecogni zed on gr oss exami nat i on.
Changes i n t he cel l ul ar l evel i n t he f unct i on
of key or gans ar e t he f i r st i ndi cat i ons of
mal adj ust ment t o st r essor s t hat may
event ual l y l ead t o poor heal t h or di sease.
A hi st ol ogi cal i nvest i gat i on r el at ed t o
upt ake of heavy met al pol l ut i on on t he
t i ssues of exposed f i sh coul d pr ovi de
val uabl e i nf or mat i on, and f or pr edi ct i ng human
heal t h r i sks.
An est abl i shed and compr ehensi ve dat abase of
f i sh hi st ol ogy coul d become an i nt egr al par t
of envi r onment al i mpact assessment s and coul d
Importance of Histology
4. Aims and Objectives
Hi st ol ogi cal anal ysi s appear s t o be a
ver y sensi t i ve par amet er and i s cr uci al
i n det er mi ni ng cel l ul ar changes t hat may
occur i n t ar get or gans such as l i ver t o
r ef l ect i ng t he heal t h of an ent i r e
aquat i c ecosyst em.
Shor t and l ong t er m exposur e per i ods may
si gni f i cant l y i nf l uence t he hi st ol ogi cal
damage and al t er at i ons caused by
exposur e t o heavy met al s.
Heavy met al s (HMs) pol l ut i on i s of gr eat
concer n and i t s has har m f ul l ef f ect s on
aquat i c ani mal s, t o i nvest i gat e t he
5. Fi sh sampl es wer e col l ect ed at t he t hr ee
sampl i ng si t es f r om Keenj har Lake, i n
l i ve and mor i bund condi t i ons at t he f i sh
l andi ng cent er s.
Li ver sampl es wer e f i xed i n Boui ns’s
f i xat i ve f or 30 hour s. Than t he t i ssues
wer e decal ci f i ed t o r emove br i t t l eness
caused f r om aci di t y of f i xat i ve f or 14
hour s.
Ti ssues wer e kept under t he r uni ni ng t ap
wat er f or 2 hour s, af t er t hat t he t i ssues
wer e dehydr at ed f r om f ol l owi ng ser i es of
Material and Methods
6. Fi sh speci es Lead Cadmi um Ni ckel Zi nc
C. cat l a H.
0.881
0.003
0.851 0.0
09
0.91 0.
0095
0.884 0
.0095
L. rohi t a H.
0.867
0.009
0.835 0.0
085
0.946
0.0067
0.922 0
.0076
C. mri gal a H.
0.697
0.007
0.881 0.0
078
0.802
0.0078
0.841 0
.0085
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Fish species Keenjhar Lake
Cirrihinus mrigala (Hamilton)
Tumor
Reduction of hepatocytes
Disrupted hepatic alignment
Necrosis
Leukocytes infiltration
Hyperemia
Cirrhosis
Aneurism
Hepatocytes vaculation
Hepatocytes with pyknotic nucleus
Hemorrhage
Labeo rohita (Hamilton)
Reduction of hepatocytes
Disrupted hepatic alignment
Necrosis
Leukocytes infiltration
Cirrhosis
Aneurism
Hepatocytes vaculation
Hepatocytes with pyknotic nucleus
Hyperemia
Catla catla (Hamilton)
Reduction of hepatocytes
Tumor
Disrupted hepatic alignment
Hyperemia
Hepatocytes vaculation
Cirrhosis
Cytolysis
Hepatocytes with pyknotic nucleus
Aneurysm
17. Conclusion
L. rohi t a, C. mri gal a and C. cat l a H. were sel ect ed f or
hi st ol ogi cal exami nat i on due t o t hei r popul ari t y as
f ood f i sh rel i shed t hroughout Asi a. Usual l y, t hese
speci es are cul t ured i n ponds and dhands (smal l
st andi ng wat er bodi es), owi ng t o f ast growt h-rat e and
hi gh economi cal val ue.
I t i s concl uded t hat t he hi st ol ogi cal di st ort i on
i ncreases wi t h t he i ncrease i n t oxi c i nf l ux. Lake
Keenj har has a l ow cont ent of wat erborne t oxi cant s;
however, hi st ol ogi cal anomal i es do occur, i f measures
are not i mpl ement ed t o mi ni mi ze t he exposure t o hi gh
l evel s of t oxi cant s, Lake Keenj har wi l l become
dyst rophi c, and t he l ocal popul at i on wi l l f ace soci o-
economi c di sast er.
Among t he f i sh speci es exami ned i n t he present st udy, C.
18. Measures must be t aken t o mi ni mi ze t he
cont ent of wat erborne t oxi cant s, t o prevent
or mi ni mi ze t he del et eri ous ef f ect s of
t oxi cant s on aquat i c organi sms and
consequent adverse ef f ect s on consumers,
especi al l y t hose l i vi ng i n t he vi ci ni t y of
Lake Keenj har. I t wi l l be i mport ant t o
moni t or t he met al s burden i n sedi ment s and
associ at ed bi ot a of Lake Keenj har.
