1. The Path to Parihaka Non-Violent Resistance in Taranaki (1881) Do Now Write down some examples of ‘non-violent’ protest. Why do you think some people might choose to use ‘non-violent’ methods? What issues do you think might have led to conflict in Taranaki in the 1880s?

2. Non-Violent Resistance Sit-ins, peaceful occupations and marches, letter-writing campaigns etc. People choose non-violence as a method for a range of reasons. Often it is because of their religious or political beliefs. Sometimes it is used to contrast the peaceful nature of the protestor with the violent methods used by authority. Land - and the political control of land.

3. Learning Intentions By the end of these lessons you will be able to: Locate the township of Parihaka on a map. Explain why conflict between Maori and Pakeha broke out in 1870. Describe the actions taken by Pakeha settlers that led to conflict. Explain why the Maori prophet TeWhiti used non-violent strategies. Describe the legacy of Parihaka.

4. Which event is being shown here? The signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 Did Maori Chiefs (Rangatira) and the British have the same understanding of how the Treaty of Waitangi would affect them? No! – Their understandings were different because of two words…. Sovereignty! Rangatiratanga!

5. One Treaty – Two Versions The Treaty of Waitangi was written in a few days by Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson with the help of James Busby. It was translated into Maori overnight on February 4th by the Missionary Henry Williams and his son. The two versions were very different. The English language version gave the British SOVEREIGNTY (which is basically the power to make laws and rule a country). The Maori language version guaranteed Maori RANGATIRATANGA (Chieftainship – or political control) of all of their taonga(treasures). Almost all of the Maori Chiefs signed the Maori language version. Essentially, Maori left Waitangi feeling that they had retained political control of their land. Pakeha expectations differed!

6. 1840 – 1860: Two Worlds 20 years after the signing of the Treaty little had changed for many North Island Maori. Many Pakeha had settled in the South Island and farmed sheep. Most Pakeha in the North Island lived in the Auckland and Wellington region. Maori had not only kept control of much of their land but ran successful flour mills and farms feeding the North Island Pakeha.

7. The Path to Peaceful Protest – War! The 1860s – War breaks out between Pakeha and Maori Fort Britomart

9. By 1860 the Pakeha population had reached 60,000.

10. More Pakeha = More demand for land!

11. Maori had also started to realise that once land was sold it was impossible to claim back.

12. Some Maori had organised to form organisations opposing land sales.Pakeha settlers grew impatient and wanted the government to settle the issue of land once and for all!

14. 3500 British troops were brought in from Australia to crush the Taranaki tribes at the center of the dispute.

15. Many Taranaki chiefs had not signed the Treaty of Waitangi.

17. They included expert Forest Ranger Units who would go on missions deep inside Maori territory.

18. They had a policy of attacking and destroying Maori villages whether or not the inhabitants were at war.

21. They were religious leaders who combined Maori spirituality with Christian teachings.

22. TeWhiti O-Rongomai had been educated by a missionary.

23. He was also a practical man who left school to set up his own flour mill.

24. In 1865 government troops destroyed his village.

27. Around the picture write down a quote from page 50 in TeMana o TeTiritithat:

28. Pakeha would feel threatened by.

29. Would reassure some Pakeha.

30. Expresses TeWhiti’s attitude to non-violence.

32. Write down the dates of the events.

33. Use the events to create an illustrated history road of the events of Parihaka.Activity Four: An IDEA about Parihaka In your books: I = Identify THREE non-violent strategies used by TeWhiti D = In your own words describe ONE E = Explain WHY TeWhiti would have used this method A = Apply. Write a letter from TeWhiti to the local Europeans explaining WHY he is resisting the survey and the choice of methods he has used.

34. Activities Activity Five: The Legacy of Parihaka Watch the videos and read the articles on the decades following Parihaka. Complete the ‘Legacy of Parihaka sheet’. Write a paragraph that responds to this question “Te Whiti and Tohu’s non-violent resistance at Parihaka was a failure”. Your paragraph needs to argue FOR of AGAINST this point of view and use evidence from your table.