1. [Document title]
[Document subtitle]
haema s [Date] [Course title]

2. CONTENT
1. introduction on communication skills
2. methods of communication
3. verbal communication
4. non -verbal communication
5. visual communication
6. communication cycle
7. communication barriers
8. effective communication

3. Communication Skills
Communication is defined as a process of
exchange and sharing of ideas, views, facts,
feelings etc between or among people to create
common understanding. It is the sum of all things
one person does when he wants to create
understanding in the mind of another.
Communication is simply the act of transferring
information from one place, person or group to
another. Every communication involves(at
least) one sender, a message and a recipient.
Communication skills are the ability to send
messages that are properly an entirely received and

4. understood by the target audience. The term often
applies to someone’s faculty of exchanging
information effectively with another person or
group, in a verbal or written way.
Methods of communication
 verbal communication
 non -verbal
communication
 visual communication

5. The Verbal Communication is a type of oral
communication wherein the message is
transmitted through the spoken words. Here the
sender gives words to his feelings, thoughts, ideas
and opinions and expresses them in the form of
speeches, discussions, presentations, and
conversations.
The effectiveness of the verbal communication
depends on the tone of the speaker, clarity of
speech, volume, speed, body language and the
quality of words used in the conversation. In the
case of the verbal communication, the feedback is
immediate since there are a simultaneous

6. transmission and receipt of the message by the
sender and receiver respectively.
The sender must keep his speech tone high and
clearly audible to all and must design the subject
matter keeping the target audience in mind. The
sender should always cross check with the
receiver to ensure that the message is understood
in absolutely the same way as it was intended.
Such communication is more prone to errors as
sometimes the words are not sufficient to express
the feelings and emotions of a person.
The success of the verbal communication depends
not only on the speaking ability of an individual but
also on the listening skills. How effectively an
individual listens to the subject matter decides the
effectiveness of the communication. The verbal
communication is applicable in both the formal and
informal kind of situations.

9. Non-verbal communication includes facial
expressions, the tone and pitch of the voice,
gestures displayed through body language
(kinesics) and the physical distance between
the communicators (proxemics).
These non-verbal signals can give clues and
additional information and meaning over and
above spoken (verbal) communication.
Indeed, some estimates suggest that around
70 to 80% of communication is non-verbal!
Nonverbal communication is the transmission
of messages or signals through a nonverbal
platform such as eye contact, facial
expressions, gestures, posture, and body
language. It includes the use of social cues,
kinesics, distance and physical
environments/appearance, of voice and of
touch

10. Advantages of non verbal communication
1.Complementary: Non-verbal cues complement a verbal
message by adding to its meaning. You can pat someone you
offended at the back as you say sorry to him or her.
2.Easy presentation: Information can be easily presented in
non-verbal communication through using visual, audio-visual
and silent means of non-verbal communication.
3.Substituting: Non-verbal messages may substitute for the
verbal message especially if it is blocked by noise,
interruption, long-distance, etc. for example; gestures-finger
to lips to indicate need for quiet, facial expressions- a nod
instead of a yes Accenting: Often used to accent a verbal
message. Verbal tone indicates the actual meaning of the
specific words.
4.Repeat: Used to repeat the verbal message (e.g. point in a
direction while stating directions.)
5.Help to illiterate people: This type of communication use
gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, proximity, touching,
etc. and without using any spoken or written word. So, it is
very much helpful for illiterate people
Disandvantages of non verbal communicatio

11. 1. Vague and imprecise: Non-verbal communication is
quite vague and imprecise. Since in this
communication, there is no use of words or language
which expresses clear meaning to the receiver. No
dictionary can accurately classify them. Their
meaning varies not only by culture and context but
by the degree of intention.
2. Continuous: It is possible to stop talking in verbal
communication, but it is generally not possible to
stop nonverbal cues. Also, spoken language has a
structure that makes it easier to tell when a subject
has changed, for instance, or to analyze its grammar.
Nonverbal does not lend itself to this kind of analysis.
3. Multi-channel: while watching someone’s eyes, you
may miss something significant in a hand gesture.
Everything is happening at once and therefore it may
be confusing to try to keep up with everything. Most
of us simply do not do so, at least not consciously

12. visual communication is the practice of graphically
representing information to efficiently, effectively create
meaning. There are many types of content in the realm of
visual communication, with examples including infographics,
interactive content, motion graphics, and more. The
possibilities are endless. But no matter the medium, all
incorporate at least some of the following elements:
interactivity, iconography, illustration, supporting text, graphs,
data visualization, and animation.
Which type of visual communication is right for your company
or campaign depends on the goal(s) you’d like to achieve. It

13. also depends on your target audience. Ask your creative
content partner for recommendations.
the person or entity originating the
communication. Message: the information that the
sender wishes to convey. Encoding: how the
sender chooses to bring the message into a form
appropriate for sending. Channel: the means by
which the message is sent.
the message is the information the
sender wishes the audience to receive and
understand
the transmission
of the message is the actual process of sending it.
This could be done via various verbal and written
communication channels. for e mail, letters, text,
reports, face-to-face telephone and video
conferencing .

14. The receiver tries to interpret the
message to decoding the words and symbols used
.
The receiver feedback their
understanding of the message to the sender, to
make sure that the message they received was the
same message as the sender intended. This
feedback can be verbal or non -verbal response,
for example saying yes or nodding the head.

16. The process of communication has numerous barriers.
If communication is not valid, it will be deformed,
leading to a condition of misinterpretation and failure
of communication.
Effective communication is significant in the workplace,
family, and dealing with friends. It is vital to not only
exceed information and facts but to build and
strengthen relationships. It should be brief and
straightforward to communicate ideas, feelings,
thoughts, and emotions clearly and understandably.

17. What are communication barriers?
 Communication barriers are something that
prevents us from correctly getting and accepting
the messages others use to communicate their
information, thoughts and ideas. Some of the
examples of communication barriers are
information overload, choosy perceptions,
workplace gossips, semantics, gender differences,
etc
 A communication barrier is anything that comes in
the way of receiving and understanding messages
that one sends to another to convey his ideas,
thoughts, or any other kind of information. These
various barriers of communication block or
interfere with the message that someone is trying
to send. There are numerous barriers to effective
communication that can come in the way. It
happens because the message sent by the sender
might not be understood exactly as it is meant to
be.

18.  Semantic barriers.
 Psychological barriers.
 Organisational barriers.
 Cultural barriers.
 Physical barriers.

19.  Physiological barriers
 Semantic barriers: Semantic barriers are also known as language
barriers. These barriers are caused due to improper communication
between the sender and the receiver. The following instances of semantic
barriers can be witnessed in communication.
 Poor quality of message: Message when communicated should be precise
and easy to understand, that makes it easy for the receiver to grasp the
information conveyed.

 Psychological Barriers: Psychological barriers play an important role in
interpersonal communication as the state of the mind of the sender or the
receiver can make it difficult to understand the information that is
conveyed, which often leads to misunderstanding.
 Organisational barriers: Organisational barriers are those barriers that
are caused due to the structure, rules and regulations present in the
organisation. The various types of barriers that can be encountered due to
superior subordinate relationships where the free flow of communication
is not possible.
 Cultural barriers: Cultural barriers are those that arise due to lack of
similarities among the different cultures across the world. A term that can
be harmless in one culture can be regarded as a slang in another culture.
Moreover, various beliefs can differ from one culture to another.
 Physical barriers: Physical barriers to communication are those that
arise due to certain factors like faulty equipment, noise, closed doors and
cabins that cause the information sent from sender to receiver to become
distorted, which results in improper communication.
 Physiological barriers: Physiological barriers arise when a sender or the
receiver of the communication is not in a position to express or receive
the message with clarity due to some physiological issues like dyslexia,
or nerve disorders that interfere with speech or hear.

20. A skilled communicator needs to have information
about the different types of barriers to effective
communication and try to prevent them. These
barriers to effective communication can be
overcome by active listening, reflection, etc. The
communicator must seek feedback from the
receiver of the information to check if the message
was understood in its true sense. Listed below are
some of the common barriers to effective
communication.

21. Clear Message
Correct Message
Complete Message
Precise Message
Reliability
Consideration of the
Recipient
Sender’s courtesy

22. Observance
Clarity and Brevity
Listening and Understanding
Emotional Intelligence
Self-Efficacy Respectfulness
Non-Verbal Communication
Selection of the Right Medium
Providing Feedback