Giving names to chemical compounds, formulae, common polyatomic atoms. introduction about binary compounds, ionic bonds. provided with examples of binary ionic compounds.

1. Nomenclature of chemical
compounds, formulae,
common polyatomic atoms

2. 2
✘ Chemical reactions occur when
atoms gain, lose, or share
electrons.
METALS NON-METALS

3. Binary compounds
A substance composed of exactly two different elements, which
are substances that cannot be simplified further by chemical
means.
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4. Ionic Bonds
• On the periodic table, strong electron donors are on
the left side (alkali metals).
• Strong electron acceptors are on the right side
(halogens).
• The further apart two elements are on the periodic
table, the more likely they are to form an ionic
compound.
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5. Naming compounds
with ionic bonds
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6. • Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion
• Binary molecular - two nonmetals
• Ternary ionic - at least one ion is a
polyatomic ion
• Binary acid - H – nonmetal
• Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion
• Base - metal ion – OH
TYPES OF BINARY COMPOUNDS
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7. Tips to remember
• Always keep your Periodic Table handy – You should have it in front of
you ALWAYS when you are naming and writing formulas.
• Remember that metals (except Hydrogen) are found to the left of the
stair step on the Periodic Table.
• Nonmetals are found on the right side of the stair step of the Periodic
Table.
• Metalloids are the 6 elements on or below the stair step except Al, Po
and At. For naming purposes they will tend to behave like nonmetals.

8. NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDS
✘A binary ionic compound is held together by ionic
bonds.
✘Binary molecular compounds consist of covalently
bonded atoms.
✘Each type of compound has its own naming rules.
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9. How Do You Name Binary Ionic Compounds?
(Composed Of Two Elements – A Metal And A Nonmetal)
✘ Name the first ion
-From groups 1, 2, 3, 13, zinc, cadmium, or
silver.
✘ Name the second ion changing to suffix –ide.
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10. NAMING BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
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✘ MgBr2 is magnesium
(name of first element)
+ brom (root name of
second element) + ide
suffix = magnesium
bromide

11. Name the metal ion & the non-metal ion?
✘ CaO – calcium oxide
✘ NaCl – sodium chloride
✘ Al2S3 – aluminum sulfide
✘ MgI2 – magnesium iodide
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12. The Transition Metals And Roman Numerals
✘ Notice – metal and nonmetal.
✘ Name the first ion. Since the first ion is a transition element,
you must use a Roman Numeral to represent the charge.
✘ How do you know the charge?
• All compounds are neutral.
• Oxygen has a -2 charge (group 16)
• Therefore, iron must have a +2 charge since there is one iron and
one oxygen. Iron gets a Roman Numeral (II).
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Let’s see FeO (Ferrous II Oxide)

13. Cu2S – Copper (I) Sulfide
✘ Name the first ion. Since it is a transition metal, you must use
a Roman Numeral.
✘ Which Roman Numeral? The Roman Numeral is the same as
the charge of the ion.
✘ How do you find the charge?
• All compounds are neutral
• Sulfur has a -2 charge (group 16)
• There are two coppers
• Therefore each copper must have a +1 charge for the compound to be
neutral13

14. MnO2 - Magnesium (IV) Oxide
✘ Name the first ion. Since it is a transition metal, you must
use a Roman Numeral.
✘ How do you determine the Roman Numeral?
✘ It is the same as the charge.
✘ What is the charge of Mn?
• Oxygen (group 16) has a -2 charge and a total of -4 charge.
• There are two oxygens with one manganese.
• Therefore Mn must have a +4 charge for this compound to
be neutral.
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15. Why Use Roman Numerals With Transition Elements?
• The metals in groups 1, 2, 3, and 13 have single, definite charges.
• Group 1 metals have a +1 charge.
• Group 2 metals have a +2 charge.
• Groups 3 and 13 metals have a +3 charge.
• Transition metals may have multiple charges – usually two different
positive charges.
- For example, there are two copper oxide compounds:
✘ Cu2O & CuO - Which one of these is Copper oxide?
✘ We must distinguish these by using a Roman Numeral .
- Cu2O - Copper (II) oxide : Copper is +2
- CuO - Copper (I ) oxide :Copper is +115

16. Three Transition Elements Which Do Not Require A Roman
Numeral Because They Have Single Definite Charges.
✘ These Are:
Zinc – Zn2+ Cadmium – Cd2+ Silver –
Ag+
You need to remember the charges for these.
✘ Ag2O - Silver Oxide
✘ ZnCl2 - Zinc Chloride
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17. Formulas For Binary Ionic Compounds Given The Name?
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Magnesium
chloride
Mg2+ Cl-
1. Write the symbol and charge of each ion.
2. Balance the charges by supplying subscripts. Subscripts tell
how many of each atom is present.
3. You need a second Cl-1 to balance the charges

18. 18
Iron (III) bromide
• Write the symbol and charge of each ion. The
charge of the iron is provided by the Roman
Numeral.
Fe3+ Br -
• Balance the charges by supplying subscripts. The
subscripts tell how many of each ion is needed to
balance the compound.
• You’ll need three bromine ions to balance the one
iron.
FeBr3

19. 19
Aluminum Sulfide
 Write the symbol and charge of each ion.
Al3+ S2-
 Balance the charges by supplying subscripts.
 In this case the charges do not evenly divide
into each other. You must find the least
common multiple. SIX
 How many aluminums are needed to arrive at a
+6 charge?
 How many sulfurs are needed to arrive at a -6
charge?
2
Al2S3

20. Writing Formulas a Little Quicker
Iron and oxygen combine to form a compound.
Iron (Fe) has an oxidation number of 3+. Oxygen
(O) has an oxidation number of 2–.
Predict the chemical formula of this compound.
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21. 21
Fe
3+
O
2-
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Writing Formulas a Little Quicker
Simply cross the
oxidation numbers and
make them positive

22. 22
Mn4+ 3-
43
Manganese (IV) phosphide
Mn
4+
O
2-
42
Manganese (IV) oxide
MnO2
Cross but in this
case they must be
dropped!
P MnP

23. Molecular Binary Compounds
What are Binary Molecular Compounds?
• These compounds contain two elements (binary).
• The term “molecular” indicates that these elements are joined
by a covalent bond.
• They must therefore be non-metals.
• Bottom line – 2 elements – both non-metals
• To name and write formulas for these, you must know some
numerical prefixes.
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24. Naming – You Must Use Prefixes.
1 = mono 3 = tri 5 = penta 7 = hepta 9 = nona
2 = di 4 = tetra 6 = hexa 8 = octa 10 = deca
Steps
1. The first nonmetal only gets a numeric prefix when there is
more than one. No prefix if there is only one.
2. The second element always gets a numeric prefix and always
has a suffix of –ide.
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25. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
✘ As with binary ionic compounds, the ending of the
name of the second element in the compound is
modified by adding the suffix –ide.
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26. ✘ Carbon dioxide
✘ CO
✘ Carbon monoxide
✘ N2O4
✘ Dinitrogen tetroxide
✘ H2O
✘ Dihydrogen monoxide
✘ CCl4
✘ Carbon tetrachloride
✘ Name the first element. Since there
is only one, no prefix is needed.
✘ The second element always gets a
prefix and a suffix of –ide.
✘ Name the first element. Since there
are two present, the prefix “di” is
needed. The second element
always gets a prefix and a suffix of
–ide.
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27.  Silicon dioxide ( SiO2 )
- Silicon and oxygen are both nonmetals.
- The lack of a prefix on silicon means that there is only ONE silicon.
- The prefix “di” in front of oxide means that there are TWO oxygens.
 Diphosphorous pentachloride (P2Cl5 )
- Phosphorous and chloride are both nonmetals.
- The prefix “di” means that there are TWO phosphorouses (Is that a word?)
- The prefix “penta” before chlorine means that there are five chlorines.
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28. Nitrogen Monoxide (NO)
✘ Nitrogen and oxygen are both nonmetals.
✘ The lack of a prefix on nitrogen means only ONE
nitrogen.
✘ The prefix “mono” on oxygen indicates ONE oxygen.
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29. 29

30. Ternary Ionic Compounds
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These Compounds Contain At Least One Polyatomic Ion.
What is a polyatomic ion?
•It is an ion – that means it has a charge.
•It is polyatomic – that means it is made of more than one atom.

31. Examples
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CO3
2- carbonate
•This ion is composed of one carbon and three oxygen and
the entire group has a charge of -2.
•Polyatomic ion – Group of atoms that act as a unit and carry
a charge.

32. How Do You Recognize Ternary Ionic Compounds?
Composed of two ions in which at least one is a polyatomic ion.
There is only one positive polyatomic ion (NH4
+1)
Three possible types of Ternary Ionic Compounds:
 Ammonium + negative ion (nonmetal)
 Metal (positive ion) + negative polyatomic ion
 Ammonium + negative polyatomic ion
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33. Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions as Cation
NH4Cl is ammonium (the name
of the ion from chart) + chlor
(root name of the second
element) + ide suffix =
ammonium chloride.
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34. Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions as Anions
1. Name the first ion.
2. Name the second ion.
examples:
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Na2CO3
When you look at this compound
you should recognize that this is
NOT binary. There are THREE
elements present. When you see
this, immediately look for a
polyatomic ion. Carbonate is
present here.
• Name the first ion.
• Name the second ion.
Sodium carbonate
Notice that you do NOT
change the suffix – just name
the polyatomic ion.

35. Fe(OH)3 Iron (III) hydroxide
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Name the first ion.
The Roman Numeral comes from the
charge of the ion. How do you find the
charge of the iron?
•All compounds are neutral.
•Charge of OH (-1)
Since there are 3
OH groups, each
with a -1 charge,
the charge of
the iron must be
+3 for the
compound to be
neutral

36. THANK YOU
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