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Immigration By: Matthew Patrick

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Last 3 Decades <ul><li>Over the last three decades, a large number of immigrants have arrived in the United States. </li></ul><ul><li>Papers analyze there is a change in patterns of immigration, mainly in its gender dynamics. </li></ul><ul><li>Immigrants have been finding their way to the U.S in search of better jobs, life, education, and to live the American dream. </li></ul><ul><li>Historically, immigrant communities have been seen as transitory places and immigrants as subjects of the acculturation project. </li></ul>

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OVERLOAD

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Background <ul><li>While the magnitude of immigration is a major focus of current policy debates, in this article, I pay special attention to the issue of gender as it affects immigrants. </li></ul><ul><li>Among immigrants 25 years and older who arrived in the 1990s, women made up 50.4% of the population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2004). </li></ul><ul><li>Over 27% of these women had a bachelor’s degree or higher. </li></ul>

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EDUCATION

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Growth In Migration <ul><li>The increase in the number 20-64 year-old with a foreign background is partly caused by the inflow of immigrants and their children and grandchildren. </li></ul><ul><li>Around 2030 an expected 38 thousand non-western immigrants will arrive in the Netherlands yearly, while just over 20 thousand will leave the country. </li></ul><ul><li>The number of western immigrants will increase strongly to 57 thousand in 2030. Many western immigrants come for work. </li></ul>

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Chart Of Migration

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Housing Issues <ul><li>Between 1990 and 2000, while the U.S. population grew by 37.2 million people, the foreign-born population increased by 11.3 million, from 19.8 to 31.1 million (U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 and 2000). </li></ul><ul><li>Given that a majority of the foreign-born population is working age, proportionally, it generates a higher demand for housing than the native-born population. </li></ul><ul><li>I n a recent report, Pitkin (2002) validated this finding by illustrating that 12 million housing units were occupied by foreign-born individuals in 2000. </li></ul>

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Crowded Housing

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Gender Make A Difference! <ul><li>among the non-citizen group, not only do renters outnumber owners for both men and women, renting exceeds owning by 1.6 times for men and 2.4 times for women. </li></ul><ul><li>renting exceeds owning by 1.6 times for men and 2.4 times for women. </li></ul><ul><li>Female households are more likely to live in rental housing units then then males. </li></ul><ul><li>Immigrants Women with a 4 year or more college degree are more likely to own houses instead of renting then Men. </li></ul>

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Gender Rankings