3. Explore different views on how to
critique a literary text;
Analyze texts according to approaches used in
critiquing literary selections;
Learning
Objectives
Critique a literary selection using the
appropriate approaches in critiquing a text
5. State your own thesis statement and the main idea about the work
Summarize the text in your own words.
Restate your thesis in new words
State what you like and you do not like about the text
Interpret and evaluate the text based on organization, style,
author’s message and was it justified, and text appeal
Summarize your main ideas if possible, with new, or stronger words
Include a call to action
6. Vocabulary Development
• Critique (verb) means to critically evaluate,
analyze or give careful judgment in
which you give your opinion about a literary work.
• Critique (noun) is a detailed evaluation or
analysis of a literary piece.
• Critic is a person who judges, evaluates, or
analyzes a literary piece
7. Search for the 10 literary devices and elements analyzed in a short story based on the formalist approach.
8. Search for the 10 literary devices and elements analyzed in a short story based on the formalist approach.
9. CRITICAL APPROACHES
(Literary Criticism)
sometimes called “lenses”, are the different
perspectives we can consider in analyzing or
interpreting a text.
Literary Criticism is the evaluation,
analysis, description, or
interpretation of literary works.
12. The short story revolves around one man, Alfredo Salazar and the affairs
of his heart. He is a man who believes in true love and hopes to find bliss
in its wake. The first woman he falls in love with is Esperanza.
Their families are acquainted with each other and they thus they begin a
passionate relationship. But soon it fades away when Alfredo comes
across another woman, Julia, who becomes the object of his desire.
Esperanza and Alfredo have their engagement after three years of
romance. Alfredo, a lawyer is a man who wants warmth and compassion,
but Esperanza is a strong-willed, impassionate and woman of principles.
SUMMARY
13. SUMMARY
So when he comes across Julia Salas, sister-in-law of the Judge who is a
friend of Alfredo’s father. He is strongly attracted to her. Julia is an
enthusiastic and optimistic person. A woman of hope, dreams and desires.
On his visit with his father, he starts engaging in profound chats with Julia
and starts getting attracted to her charm, wit and passion. In his
impassioned state, he does not even disclose the truth about his
engagement to Esperanza.
In order to avoid the scrutiny of his fiancée, he starts keeping secrets from
Esperanza too. One day he learns about Julia’s return to her hometown. His
eyes are doomed with the fear of losing her and he decides to confess his
guilt and true feelings to Julia.
14. SUMMARY
After the Church’s function, he goes to meet her even though his fiancée is
waiting for him to come to her. However, reaching to Julia, he realizes that
she has already learned about his lies. She even wishes him best on his
marriage to Esperanza and leaves him.
He gets a double blow when he returns home to Esperanza. She is talking
to a friend about loyalty and faithfulness. Alfredo feels an urge to speak. He
defends the cause of desire and choice over immorality.
This gets under the skin of Esperanza who declares that she knew about
him and Julia. She encourages him to commit such immoral infidelity and
cancel the wedding, all in pursuit of his heart’s content and lust. However,
Alfredo surrenders to reason and sanity and the wedding goes ahead as
planned.
15. SUMMARY
As fate would have it, he is sent on some work duty to a place near
Julia’s hometown. He cannot help resist the feeling of nostalgia and
old lust for Julia. He finds an excuse and way to her place where he
met her.
She is still single and he is forced to dream about a life with her
instead of Esperanza. But soon he comes to know that something is
not the same after all. Julia has changed and rather lost something
now.
Maybe it is her beauty, wit, charm or even her passion, but she is a
different woman. She is cold and aloof and does not extend the same
warmth and affection to him anymore.
16. SUMMARY
He is heartbroken and pensive and questions
whether he ever loved her truly. Was it all a futile
infatuation or mere affair? Was the romance they
shared, just a figment of his imagination? Whatever
it was, he is no more alive. He accepts the hard
reality that anything that there may have been was
there no more.
19. Formalism or
Formalist Approach
• It studies how the elements work together to form unity
and to give meaning to a text.
a. How do elements conspire or work together?
b. How does the conflict affect the characters’ actions?
c. What do the objects, events, images or actions
symbolize?
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20. Literary elements and devices
• Character - It is a person, animal, being ,
creature or anything personified in a story.
• Setting - It is not only the place and time a
story takes place but also includes the
atmosphere.
• Tone - It is the overall emotion conveyed by both the
choices of words, theme, sensory images,
symbolism and the narrator of the story such
as suspenseful, affectionate, happy or sad.
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21. Literary elements and devices
• Point of View - It answers the question “Who is telling
the story?”
• Types:
First person- It uses either of the two pronouns “I” or “We”.
The narrator is a participant in the story relating his or her own
experiences directly or an observer.
Second person- The story is told to “You”.
Third person- It uses pronouns “They”, “She”, “He”, “It” or a
name. The narrator may be omniscient (all- knowing) or has a full
access to the thoughts and experiences of all characters in the story
or may be a limited omniscient who usually cannot see into minds or
know the future, etc.
22. Literary elements and devices
• Theme- It is the author’s
message to the readers.
• Imagery-It consists of descriptive
language to create images in the
mind of the readers through their
senses.
27. Explore different views on how to
critique a literary text;
Analyze texts according to approaches used in
critiquing literary selections;
Learning
Objectives
Analyze a literary selection using a moralist
approach and develop an understanding of how
moral themes can be identified and analyzed in
literature
28.
29. Let’s Recall…
• What is your favorite book? Movie? TV
Show?
• Can you share the moral lesson you
remembered in that favorite book, movie or tv
show?
• Learning the moral of the story you read or
watched, how can you relate it to your
personal experiences?
30. Moralist Approach
• The philosopher Plato debated that literature has
the ability to influence people.
• With this, moralist approach in literary criticism
judges the value of literature based on the
teachings that can be taken from a literary text.
• The role of the critic in this way of analyzing
literature is to look into how the events,
characters, themes, symbols, etc. develop or
destroy a person’s value or morality.
31. Moralist Approach
• To study literature from the moral/intellectual perspective
is therefore to determine whether a work conveys a
lesson or message and whether it can help readers lead
better lives and improve their understanding of the world.
32. In the moralist approach, the reader evaluates a
work of literature by considering the following
questions:
• What is the underlying moral or ethical issue presented in
the literary work?
• How does the literary work present and explore the moral
issue?
• What message or lesson does the literary work convey
about the moral issue?
• Does the literary work provide a satisfactory resolution to
the moral issue, or does it leave it open for further
exploration?
33. Emphasis Moralist Approach
• This approach emphasizes the importance of ethical
and moral concerns in literature, and encourages
readers to think critically about the values and ideas
presented in the literary work.
• It also allows readers to examine the cultural and
social implications of a literary work, and to explore
how it reflects or challenges the values of the society in
which it was written.
34.
35. Importance of critiquing literary
selections using a moralist approach.
• Firstly, it enables readers to examine the ethical
and moral implications of the content they are
reading.
• This can help them develop a deeper
understanding of the author's message and the
values and beliefs that underpin it.
36. Importance of critiquing literary
selections using a moralist approach.
• Secondly, a moralist approach encourages readers to
consider the broader social and cultural contexts in
which a work was written.
• By analyzing the moral and ethical assumptions that
underpin a text, readers can gain insight into the
attitudes and beliefs of the time period in which it
was written. This can be particularly valuable for
understanding historical texts or works from cultures that
differ significantly from our own.
37. Importance of critiquing literary
selections using a moralist approach.
• Thirdly, a moralist approach can help readers
develop their own sense of morality and ethics.
• By examining the choices and actions of
characters in a literary work, readers can consider
what they would do in similar situations and
evaluate their own values and beliefs.
38. APPLICATION:
Instructions: Read the literary selection provided and use the
questions to guide your analysis of the moral messages
contained within the text.
Literary Selection: "The Giving Tree" by Shel Silverstein
Questions:
1. What moral messages does the story convey?
2. How does the author convey these messages through the
story?
3. How effective is the author's message?
4. How does the story relate to your own personal beliefs
and values?
39. Direction: Give the positive and negative teachings that can
be taken from the selection. Use the table below.
POSITIVE TEACHINGS NEGATIVE TEACHINGS
Notas do Editor
Our focus for the remaining weeks ahead will be on analysis
You have to know that when you are write the analysis of a literary piece, you have to consider several literary approaches
Let say a girl is riding her bicycle, when all of a sudden, she fell off her bike. We may analyze the scenario using different approaches.
Maybe the reason the girl fell off her bike is because the bike is old (nabutas na yung gulong kaya sya natumba) – Formalist/Structuralist approach
2. Maybe the reason is that some boys pushed her off because in their point of view biking is only for boys. (Feminist)
3. It may also be perceived that the reason she fell off is because she was in a hurry because she is being bullied by her rich classmates because she is poor. (Marxist)
These are just some of the critical approaches we will discuss.
In your previous lessons in literature, you have learned the elements of a short story (setting, character, plot, theme, and point of view) and the different literary devices such as imagery, symbolism, and the different figure of speech among others. All of these are very important in understanding, critiquing, or analyzing various literary texts
Focuses on the form and structure of a literary work rather than its content or external context.
This approach emphasizes the internal elements of a text, such as its language, style, imagery, and literary devices, to analyze how they create meaning and contribute to the overall effect of the work.
Second-person point of view is a writing style that addresses the reader directly using the pronoun "you."
This point of view is often used in self-help books, instruction manuals, and persuasive writing, as it creates a sense of personal connection and encourages the reader to take action or see things from a different perspective.
In second-person writing, the reader becomes the protagonist of the narrative and is encouraged to take an active role in the story or message being conveyed.
What reminds you of the following images?
Are you familiar with all of those stories? What are the common things about them?
The moralist approach to literary analysis is a method of evaluating a literary work based on its treatment of moral issues.
This approach involves examining how the literary work presents and deals with moral dilemmas, ethical questions, and values.
It judges literary works, according to moral principles.
What is the importance of moral lesson of the story?
The moral of a story is the lesson that story teaches about how to behave in the world.
Moral comes from the Latin word mores, for habits. The moral of a story is supposed to teach you how to be a better person.
Overall, the moralist approach to literary analysis provides a framework for evaluating a literary work based on its treatment of moral issues
and its relevance to human experience. It helps readers to gain a deeper understanding of the work and its themes, and to appreciate the role that literature plays in shaping our understanding of the world around us.
Critiquing literary selections using a moralist approach is important for several reasons.
Critiquing literary selections using a moralist approach is important for several reasons.
In summary, a moralist approach to literary critique can deepen our understanding of literature,
provide insight into historical and cultural contexts, and help us develop our own sense of morality and ethics.
