Git Introduction

Git Introduction
Fast Version Control

Who am I
• Gareth Hall
• Lead Developer and Hyundai New Zealand
• Director at Communica
(http://communica.co.nz)

What is git?
• Git is a distribute version control system
developed by Junio Hamano & Linus
Torvalds.
• Git does not use a centralised server.
• Git runs on major operating system like OS
X, Windows, Unix & Linux

Why it’s named git?
• Quoting Linus: “I’m egotistical, and I name
all my projects after myself. First Linux, now
git”
• Def: git - British slang for “pig headed, they
are always correct , argumentative”

What does git do?
• Git tracks changes to content.

Advantages of git
• Everything is local (almost)
• Fast
• Every clone / branch is a backup
• Work offline
• No single point of failure
• Lightweight
• Branching is cheap and merging is easy
• Many different workflows possible
• Distributed
• Every file and commit is checksummed
• Staging area
• Free and open source

Basic Commands
Syntax: git <subcmd>

git init
•Create an empty git repository or reinitialize
an existing one
#:>git init
Initialized empty Git repository in
/Users/garethhall/Sites/git_intro/.git/

git status
• Show the working tree status
#:>git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# includes/
# index.php
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

git add
• Add file contents to the index
• git add .
• git add <filename> <filenname>

git status
#:>git add .
#:>git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: includes/helpers.php
# new file: index.php
#

git commit
•Record changes to the repository
#:>git commit -m "first commit"
[master (root-commit) 5f8a8d4] first commit
2 files changed, 48 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 includes/helpers.php
create mode 100644 index.php

git log
•Show commit logs
#:>git log
commit 5f8a8d486ae1656b51194186c0dfb97ae1ec9835
Author: Gareth Hall <gareth@communica.co.nz>
Date: Sat Feb 16 14:43:40 2013 +1300
first commit

#:>git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: includes/helpers.php
# modified: index.php
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

#:>git add index.php
#:>git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#
#
#

• #:>git commit -m "Changed output to table"
[master fffacb4] Changed output to table
1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
#:>git status
# On branch master
#
#

#:>git log
commit fffacb43627c5a44850b4b1543dc359f5d95edd6
Date: Sat Feb 16 16:10:45 2013 +1300
Changed output to table
commit 5f8a8d486ae1656b51194186c0dfb97ae1ec9835
Date: Sat Feb 16 14:43:40 2013 +1300
first commit

#:>git diff includes/helpers.php
diff --git a/includes/helpers.php b/includes/helpers.php
index 5c9a1fe..002256c 100644
--- a/includes/helpers.php
+++ b/includes/helpers.php
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
<?php
-
/**
* Pretty Print Helper
*
@@ -28,6 +27,12 @@ function dd($data, $die = false)
{
echo '<pre>';
var_dump($data);
- echo '</pre>';
- $die ? die() : null;
-}
No newline at end of file
+ echo '</pre>';
+ $die ? die() : null;
+}
+
+function logger($user_id, $message)
+{
+ $log_entry = $user_id . ',' . $message;
+ return file_put_contents('log.log', $log_entry) ? true : false;
+}
git diff

#:>git add .
#:>git commit -m "Added logger"
[master 817dee6] Added logger
1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
#:>git log --oneline --decorate
817dee6 (HEAD, master) Added logger
fffacb4 Changed output to table
5f8a8d4 first commit

git show• Show various types of objects
#:>git show fffacb4
commit fffacb43627c5a44850b4b1543dc359f5d95edd6
Date: Sat Feb 16 16:10:45 2013 +1300
Changed output to table
diff --git a/index.php b/index.php
index f1f4a05..df11b0b 100644
--- a/index.php
+++ b/index.php
@@ -10,6 +10,14 @@ if (($xml = @simplexml_load_file('https://www.bnz.co.nz/XMLFeed/portal/fcs/xml')
}
}
-pp($bnz_rates, true);
-
+print '<table border="1">';
+ print '<tr>';
+ print '<th>Code</th><th>Rate</th>';
+ print '</tr>';
+ foreach ($bnz_rates as $code => $rate){
+ print '<tr>';
+ print '<th>' . $code . '</th><th>' . $rate . '</th>';
+ print '</tr>';
+ }
+print '</table>';

git branch
•List, create, or delete branches
#:>git branch outputHelper
#:>git branch
* master
outputHelper

git checkout
•Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
#:>git checkout outputHelper
Switched to branch 'outputHelper'
#:>git branch
master
* outputHelper

#:>git status
# On branch outputHelper
#
#
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# includes/.DS_Store
# includes/output_helper.php

#:>git add includes/helpers.php
#:>git commit -m 'Added doc block to logger function'
[outputHelper df78fc4] Added doc block to logger function
1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
#:>git commit -a -m 'Refactored with new table output helper'
[outputHelper 51da4b7] Refactored with new table output helper
3 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 includes/.DS_Store
create mode 100644 includes/output_helper.php

#:>git log --oneline --decorate --graph
* 51da4b7 (HEAD, outputHelper) Refactored with new table output helper
* df78fc4 Added doc block to logger function
* 817dee6 (master) Added logger
* fffacb4 Changed output to table
* 5f8a8d4 first commit
#:>git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
* 817dee6 (HEAD, master) Added logger

git merge
• Join two or more development histories together
#:>git merge outputHelper
Updating 817dee6..51da4b7
Fast-forward
includes/.DS_Store | Bin 0 -> 6148 bytes
includes/helpers.php | 8 ++++++++
includes/output_helper.php | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
index.php | 13 ++-----------
4 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 includes/.DS_Store
create mode 100644 includes/output_helper.php

* 51da4b7 (HEAD, outputHelper, master) Refactored with new
table output helper
* df78fc4 Added doc block to logger function
* 817dee6 Added logger

git reset
• Reset current HEAD to the specified state

git push
• Update remote refs along with associated
objects

git fetch
• Download objects and refs from another
repository

git merge
• Join two or more development histories
together

git pull
• Fetch from and merge with another
repository or a local branch
• fetch + merge

How in Drupal?
• Add all of Drupal to git
• Use the Features module to move
configuration
• UUID Features to move content (alpha!)

Git Hosting Service
• Bitbucket (htt://bitbucket.org)
• Github (http://github.com)
• Run your own
• Gitosis
• Gitolite

Deployment
• Shell Access
• Continous Integration
• I don’t have shell access
• Setup your server as a remote

Continous Intergration
• Heroku (http://heroku.com)
• Pagoda (http://pagodabox.com)
• Bamboo
(http://atlassian.com/software/bamboo)

I don’t have shell
• Deploy (http://www.deployhq.com)

Server as Remote
• Will need to use git hooks

Git Hooks
• #>vim post-receive
• #!/bin/sh
• cd ..
• GIT_DIR='.git'
• umask 002 && git reset --hard

Resources
• Git (http://git-scm.com)
• Wiki
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software)
)
• Git Essentials
(https://tutsplus.com/course/git-essentials/)
• Change Management andVersion Control
(http://buildamodule.com)

Visual Version Control
Gource (http://code.google.com/p/gource/)

Git Introduction

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