Grammar

1. WELCOME TO THE ENGLISH SESSION
•
• GOOD MORNING!!!!!!

2. INTEGRATED GRAMMAR
EDITING (EDITING ERRORS &OMISSION)
GAP FILLING
JUMBLED SENTENCES.
REPORTING

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Students will integrate form, meaning and use in academic
discourse settings.
•
Students will be able to use targeted grammatical structures
meaningfully and appropriately in oral and written
production.
• Students will use basic grammatical structures in short
conversations and discussions.

4. Gap-Fill Exercises - Various Techniques
• Gap-fills are an excellent way to reinforce vocabulary, and allow the
student to encounter the vocabulary in a variety of contexts. The
exercises can be worked on individually or in pairs in class, or can be
assigned as homework to be quickly reviewed in class the next day.
• A gap-fill is a practice exercise in which learners have to replace
words missing from a text. These words are chosen and removed in
order to practice a specific language point. Gap-fill exercises contrast
with cloze texts, where words are removed at regular intervals, e.g.
every five words.

5. HOW TO SOLVE GAP FILLING PASSAGES
• Read the passage very slowly and carefully.
• Get an idea of the tense used in the passage.
• As everything revolves around the Tense
• Fill in the gaps without using the options even if they are given with
trial and error method.
• Keep in mind the language, logic and tense.
• Then go with the options and see if they match.

6. LET’S PRACTICE
• Complete the paragraph given below by filling in the blanks with the
help of the options given.
• Tigers ………. (a) ………… (were / will / is / are) at the top of the food
chain. Only human beings threaten their survival as a species. Tigers
kill only for food ….b…… (or / because / but / and) only when they are
hungry. They rarely ………c……… (attack / attacking / attacks / attacked)
humans. Easily ……….d……… (recognized / recognizing / has
recognizing / has recognized) by their reddish orange coat with dark
……..e…….. (strips / stripes / striped / stripe), tigers are the …….f…….
(large / larger / largest / much larger) wild cats in the world.

7. LET’S PRACTICE
• Reading is one of the best hobbies ….a…. (this / that / who / it) you
can adopt. …..b…. (It / They / Them / Its) not only helps you to pass
your leisure time usefully …..c…… (and / so / hence / but) also keeps
you well informed. Besides that, it builds ……d…… (yours / your’s /
your / its) vocabulary and helps you to …..e……. (improvement /
improving / improves / improve) your expression. If you can’t decide
……f…… (whose / which / different / various) books to read, you
should consult your parents or librarian.

8. LET’S PRACTICE
• Fill in the blanks choosing the most appropriate option from the ones
given in the box.
1. Butterflies are abundant( a)____the Central African Republic
2. It (b)_____home to nearly 600 identified species.
3. Many butterflies are brilliantly colored and small ______( c) some
are as big as saucers.
4. My favorite hobby, since my childhood, is ______(d) butterflies.
• 1.(a ) ( i) in (ii ) from (iii) for (iv)
2.(b ) (i) has (ii) is (iii) was (iv) are
3.(c ) (i) if (ii) therefore (iii) so (iv ) while
4.(d) ( i) catch (ii ) caught (iii) catching (iv) has been catching

9. What is editing of errors?
•. Editing is generally done during proof reading.
• It can be of two types – Error or Omission.
• A short text with one error/omission in each
line is given in the sentences .

10. POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. Editing is generally done during proof
reading.
2. It can be of two types – Error or Omission
3. A short text with is one error/omission in each line is
given.
4. Numbered blanks are provided with each line for writing the corrected/omitted word
5. Identify the error/omission keeping in mind the PPACTS rule.
6. PPACTS RULE – error/omission would be any of the following :P – Preposition P – Pronoun A –
Article/determiner C – Conjunction T – Tense/Verb Forms (singular/plural)S – Spelling
7. After reading the passage, identify the tense and see whether it is appropriate to the
context.
8. Check the subject-verb agreement.
9. Check the areas where word is missing in case of omission and check the errors as mentioned
above for error correction .
10. Mention the answer against the given blank number.
11. In case of omission write the word before and the word after the omitted word along with the
supplied word.
12. In case of error correction write the incorrect as well as the corrected word in two columns.

11. RULES FOR EDITING
• There are no specific rules for solving Editing and Omission.
...
The errors/mistakes will be found in the following concepts.
• subject and verb agreement.
• wrong use of preposition.
• determiners/articles.
• conjunction.
• other parts of speech.
• the tense.
• participle/gerund and infinitives.

13. Check your answers of editing exercises????
• 1. (a) meant- means (b)on- with (c) but- and (d)saying-said (e)to-of
• (f)and-like (g)either-or (h) are- is.
• 2.(a)him- himself (b) on –with (c)an-the (d)drawing-draw (e)is-was
• (f)while-when (g)with –by (h) at- into
• 3.(a)at-in (b)live- lived (c) the-a (d) has-had (e) is-was (f)why- because
(g)at- to (h) between-among
• 4.(a) a-the (b)lie-lies (c) reflecting-reflected (d)much-many (e) their-
its (f)are-were (g) state-stately (h)but-or

14. RE-ARRANGE JUMBLED SENTENCES- TIPS
• Check the links: There is always something connecting either in the context
or in the flow of the sentence. ...
• Related pronouns like who, what, which gives you what goes ahead. ...
• Vocabulary: Knowing the meaning of the words definitely leads you to the
following words.
• For statements: subject + functioning verb + (preposition) object.
Statements are called affaffirmatives. ...
• For questions (interrogatives): Yes or no answer questions— verb +
subject+ (preposition) object. ...
• For orders, request & suggestions: verb+ (preposition) object.

15. LET’S TRY REARRANGING IT!!!!!!
1.(a) that / used / he said / in his childhood / to be celebrated / his birthday /
differently
(b) distribute sweets / instead of / they / cutting a cake / used to
(c) blow out / but / used to / they / we / candles / light a lamp
(d) weighed / against grain / him / parents / my grandfather's
(e) the poor / distributed / this was / among
2. (a) friends / I / my / were / grandmother / and / good
(b) left me / my / city / parents / her / with / they / in / went / live / when /
to / the
(c) morning / to / wake / used / up / the / in / she / me
(d) said / in a / prayers / singsong / monotonous / morning / she / her
(e) listened / i / loved / I / voice / because / her
(f) always / with / school / she / me / to / went

16. ANSWERS
•
1.(a) He said that in his childhood his birthday used to be celebrated
differently.
(b) instead of cutting a cake they used to distribute sweets.
(c) We blow out candles but they used to light a lamp.
(d) My grandfather's parents weighed him against grain. grain.
(e) This was distributed among the poor.
• 2. (a) My grandmother and I were good friends.
(b) When my parents went to live in the city they left me with her.
(c) She used to wake me up in the morning.
(d) She said her morning prayers in a monotonous singsong.
(e) I listened because I loved her.
(f) She always went to school with me.

17. ANSWERS
• 3. (a) why / you / don't / bothering / instead / of / me / play / go /
and
(b) holidays / their / children / this / the / is / refrain / hear / during
(c) one / since / in / summer / worse / are / things / play / cannot /
sun / in / the
(d) hands / condemned / on / their / the / to / indoors / a lot of time /
with / are / rest / children
(e) worries / what / is / this / parents

18. CHECK YOUR ANSWER
• Answers
3.(a) Why don't you go and play instead of bothering me ?
(b) This is the refrain children hear during their holidays.
(c) Things are worse in summer since one cannot play in the sun.
(d) With a lot of time on their hands, the children are condemned to
rest indoors.
(e) This is what worries parents.

19. OMISSION

20. REPORT THE CONVERSATION
• Shilpa: Can I borrow your English textbook?
• Jaya: Sure you can. But when will you return it?
• Shilpa: I will return it to you after two days from today.
• Jaya: Please do as I have to prepare for the exams.
• Indirect Speech
• Shilpa asked Jaya (a) _____________________. Jaya replied that
(b) _____________and asked her (c)_______________. Shilpa said she
(d) ____________. Jaya urged her (e) ________________ since she
(f) _____________________.

21. REPORT
• Kirthi: I went to Pune to attend a seminar on environmental pollution.
• Soumya: How was the seminar?
• Kirthi: Quite informative and worth attending.
• Now report their conversation.
• Soumya …………………………………. all those days. Kirthi
…………………………… on environmental pollution. Soumya wanted to
know …………………………….. Kirthi told ………………………………..

22. REPORT THE CONVERSATION
• Sarah: I say, Jane, just bring me a sheet of writing-paper, will you? I
must write a letter.
Jane: Where am I to find it?
Sarah: Why, there is plenty in my mistress's letter case in the
parlour.
Sarah called out to Jane and asked her _________ bring her a sheet
of writing-paper, as _________ had to write a letter. Jane asked her
___________ she was to find it. Sarah replied that there
___________ plenty in ___________ mistress's letter case in the
parlour.

23. REPORT THE CONVERSATION
• customer: can I have a small bottle of tomato sauce?
shopkeeper :sorry I have only big bottles.
customer: when will it be available.
shopkeeper :I can give it to you by tomorrow .
customer :thank you then I will get it tomorrow.