Experiencing Stress in a Virtual Warzone by Playing with Visual Stressors
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TRACK 2 (2)| VR & GAMES | DAY 1 - 31 OCT 2016 Nicolien Berkers, Scientist | UvA & TNO (NL) Games for Health Europe 2016
![LITERATURE STUDY
Measurement Findings
Stress (subjective) HMD Monitor [9, 13]
Presence (subjective) HMD Monitor [10, 13]
Sickness (subjective) HMD Monitor [13, 18]
Cardiovascular activity
HMD Monitor [9]
HMD = Monitor [10]
Sweat production
HMD Monitor [9]
HMD = Monitor [13]
! Military stressors & participants not included](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Experiencing Stress in a Virtual Warzone by Playing with Visual Stressors
- 1. N I C O L I E N B E R K E R S , G I L L I A N VA N D E B O E R - V I S S C H E D I J K , O L A F B I N S C H , A N J A VA N D E R H U L S T Experiencing stress in a virtual warzone by playing with visual stressors
- 2. LITERATURE STUDY Measurement Findings Stress (subjective) HMD Monitor [9, 13] Presence (subjective) HMD Monitor [10, 13] Sickness (subjective) HMD Monitor [13, 18] Cardiovascular activity HMD Monitor [9] HMD = Monitor [10] Sweat production HMD Monitor [9] HMD = Monitor [13] ! Military stressors & participants not included
- 3. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the stress response higher when playing a FPS game with an HMD, compared with playing on a 24-inch monitor? http://www.sensorylab.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/New-and-Improved-Oculus-Rift- Dev-Kit-2-Revealed-Ships-in-July-433129-2.jpg https://www.asus.com/media/global/products/2HXZjR1YHYi sBKrM/dPoJuPZeS1Trkra8_500.jpg ?
- 4. METHODS MEASUREMENTS Stress Presence Sickness Threat and Challenge Stressful game elements Heart Rate Variability Skin Conductivity Reponse PARTICIPANTS: 14 MALES, 19-31 y/o Battlefield 3: Fear No Evil VorpX needed for playing with Oculus http://i.ytimg.com/vi/eqL3smKU81I/maxresdefault.jpg
- 5. RESULTS: STRESS Variable Mean Significance Monitor Baseline 18,77 0,033*Monitor Task 26,19 Oculus Baseline 13,81 0,013*Oculus Task 34,00 Δ Monitor 7,42 0,033*Δ Oculus 20,19 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Monitor Oculus VAS(mm) Subjective Stress Baseline Task Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test N = 13
- 6. RESULTS: PRESENCE & DIZZINESS 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Monitor Oculus UCL(Likert) Subjective Presence 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Monitor Oculus Dizziness(Likert) Subjective Dizziness Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests N = 14 Variable Mean Significance Presence Monitor 2,60 0,006*Presence Oculus 3,81 Dizziness Monitor 1,07 0,038*Dizziness Oculus 1,57
- 7. RESULTS: THREAT & CHALLENGE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Scores(Likert) Participant Threat & Challenge Threat Monitor Threat Oculus Challenge Monitor Challenge Oculus Variable Mean Significance Monitor Threat 1,65 0,002*Monitor Challenge 3,83 Oculus Threat 1,70 0,001*Oculus Challenge 4,05 Wilcoxon Signed Rank test N = 14
- 8. RESULTS: STRESSFUL ELEMENTS 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Enemy Fire Explosions Stress(Likert) Stressful Elements Monitor Oculus Variable Mean Significance Monitor Enemy Fire 2,64 0,041*Oculus Enemy Fire 3,43 Monitor Explosions 2,79 0,020*Oculus Explosions 3,71 Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests N = 14
- 9. RESULTS: HRV & SCR -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 ΔHRV(ms) Heart Rate Variability Monitor Oculus -0.18 -0.16 -0.14 -0.12 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 ΔSCR(μS) Skin Conductivity Response Monitor Oculus Variable Mean N Significance Monitor ΔHRV 7,96 14 0,0875 n.s.Oculus ΔHRV -1,74 12 Monitor ΔSCR -0,16 12 0,0784 n.s.Oculus ΔSCR 0,01 12 Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests
- 10. CONCLUSION Measurement Findings Stress HMD Monitor Presence HMD Monitor Dizziness HMD Monitor Threat & Challenge Challenge Threat Enemy Fire & Explosions HMD Monitor Cardiovascular activity HMD = Monitor Sweat production HMD = Monitor “Even though there is no change measured in sympathetic nervous system activity, playing FPS game with the Oculus Rift is experienced as more stressful than playing on a monitor.”
Editor's Notes
- Hello everyone, thanks for coming. I am going to talk to you about the research I conducted for my Master Thesis. I did an internship at TNO Soesterberg, and my pilot study is a part of a research project there. The title of my research is: Experiencing stress in a virtual warzone by playing with visual stressors.
- To find out what was already studied in the field of VR, I searched for literature that compared a Head Mounted Display with desktop monitors for stress-inducing tasks. Studies that examined self-reported stress, presence and sickness find that these variables are higher during a virtual task that included an HMD. Cardiovascular activity and sweat production is sometimes found higher for the HMD compared with the monitor, but some studies did not find differences between HMD and monitor conditions. The studies that compared monitor and HMD conditions for stress-inducing tasks did not include stressors that are relevant for the military field. One study in my paper used FPS games with military participants, but a HMD was not included here.
- The goal of my research is to find out if a Head Mounted Display like the Oculus Rift induces more stress than a desktop monitor. My research question is therefore: Is the stress response higher when playing a FPS game with an HMD, compared with playing on a 24-inch monitor?
- The FPS game I used during my experiment was the mission ‘Fear No Evil’ from Battlefield 3. This game is designed for playing on a desktop monitor, but with additional software VorpX it is also possible to play the game with the Oculus Rift. The stress response was measured partly by means of questionnnairs: stress, presence, sickness, threat, challenge and game elements. Objective measurements were also included: heart rate variability and skin conductivity response. Male participants aged 19-31 were included in the experiment.
- Subjective stress significantly increases from baseline to task, for both gameplay conditions. Subjective stress increases are also significantly higher for the Oculus Rift.
- The subjective experience of presence is higher for the Oculus Rift than the monitor. From all the sickness questions, dizziness was the only one found higher for the Oculus Rift gameplay. Headaches and nausea were low for both conditions, without differences.
- The participants found the mission from Battlefield more challenging than threatening, with no differences between the conditions.
- Physiological stress response was investigated by measuring HRV and SCR. Both variables were not statistically different between the conditions.