1. From
folksonomies
to
structured
knowledge
representations:
bridging
Collaborative
Web
and
Semantic
Web
Des
folksonomies
aux
représentations
structurées
de
connaissances:
faire
le
pont
entre
Web
Collaboratif
et
Web
Sémantique
Freddy
Limpens
fdy@pl-­‐area.net
h0p://pl-­‐area.net
A D B S
/
C o o p é r a - o n
&
D é v e l o p p e m e n t
A t e l i e r
W e b
S é m a n - q u e
e t
D é v e l o p p e m e n t
D u r a b l e
–
3 1 . 0 1 . 2 0 1 1
1

2. From
social
tagging
to
folksonomies
Tags
freely
associated
to
resources
…
…
collected
and
shared
on
the
web
2

3. …
resul=ng
in
FO LKSO NO M IES
A
mass
of
users
for
a
mass
of
resources
3

4. Limita-ons
of
folksonomies
Spelling
varia-ons
of
tags:
newyork
=
new_york
=
nyc
4

5. Limita-ons
of
folksonomies
Lack
of
seman-c
links
between
tags
5

6. Limita-ons
of
folksonomies
Lack
of
interoperability
between
social
data
repositories
6

7. How
to
turn
folksonomies
...
? pollutant
related
Energy
related
pollution
...
into
has narrower
topic
structures
(thesaurus)
?
Soil pollutions 7

8. 1.
State
of
the
art
8

9. State
of
the
art
Involving
users
in
tags
structuring:
• Simple
syntax
to
structure
tags
(Huyn-­‐Kim
Bang
et
al.
2008)
• Crowdsourcing
strategy
to
validate
tag-­‐
concepts
mapping
(Lin
et
al.
2010)
pollutant Energy
related related
pollution
has narrower
Soil pollutions
9

10. State
of
the
art
Automa-c
extrac-on
of
tag
seman-cs:
Energy
pollutant
related
related
pollution
has narrower
Soil pollutions
10

11. Tags
and
Seman-c
Web
models
TAGS
+
SCOT
+
SIOC
+
FOAF
for
tags
and
tagging
:
tags:Tagging
tags:taggedBy
foaf:Agent
#11111
#freddy.limpens
tags:associatedTag
tags:taggedResource
scot:Tag
sioc:Item
#wind-­‐energy
h0p://www.windenergy.com
11

12. Tags
and
Seman-c
Web
models
What
is
a
tagging
?
"nature"!
(1)
(2)
(3)
picture
shows
"nature"
place
located
l:england
edi=ng
makes
me
:
)
Tagging
=
linking
a
resource
with
a
sign
12

13. Tags
and
Seman-c
Web
models
NiceTag
(Monnin
et
al,
2010):
Tagging
as
named
graphs*
nt:ManualTagAc=on
(named
graph)
nt:TaggedResource
nt:isAbout
scot:Tag
h0p://www.windenergy.com
#wind-­‐energy
sioc:has_creator
sioc:has_container
sioc:UserAccount
sioc:Container
freddy
delicious.com
*Carrol
et
al.
(2005)
13

14. Tags
and
Seman-c
Web
models
2
complementary
seman=c
enrichment:
environment
renewable
energy
related
has
broader
wind-­‐energy
close
match
has
narrower
windenergy
wind
turbine
Structuring tags as in a thesaurus (SKOS)
14

15. 2. 1st
Applica-on
case
:
Corpus
management
at
ADEME
15

16. Ademe
scenario
Public
audience
Experts
read
+
tag
produce
docs
Archivists
centralize
+
tag
+
tag
16

17. Folksonomy
enrichment
life-­‐cycle
User-centric
structuring
Flat Automatic
folksonomy processing
Detect
ADDING TAGS conflicts
Structured Global
folksonomy structuring
17

18. Folksonomy
enrichment
life-­‐cycle
User-centric
structuring
Flat Automatic
folksonomy processing
Detect
ADDING TAGS conflicts
Structured Global
folksonomy structuring
18

19. 1.
String-­‐based
metrics
pollution Soil pollutions
=> « pollution » broader than « soil pollutions »
pollution pollutant
=> « pollution » related to « pollutant »
19

20. 3.
User-­‐based
associa-on
renewable
energy
wind-­‐energy
Claire
Alex
Anne
Delphine
Monique
⇒
Hyponym
rela=ons
(broader/narrower):
«
renewable
energy
»
broader
than
«
wind-­‐energy
»
20

21. 3.
User-­‐based
associa-on
21

22. Computed
rela.ons
are
not
always
accurate
%&'"()&$
*"&&'+)&$
#,)--.*/$0"&."*1$
&)-"1)($
22

23. Folksonomy
enrichment
life-­‐cycle
User-centric
structuring
Flat Automatic
folksonomy processing
Detect
ADDING TAGS conflicts
Structured Global
folksonomy structuring
23

24. Capturing
users's
contribu-ons
Embedding
structuring
tasks
within
everyday
ac.vity
(searching
e.g)
24

25. Capturing
users's
contribu-ons
25

26. Folksonomy
enrichment
life-­‐cycle
User-centric
structuring
Flat Automatic
folksonomy processing
Detect
ADDING TAGS conflicts
Structured Global
folksonomy structuring
26

27. Conflict
detec-on
John
Anne
hasApproved
hasApproved
narrower
environment
pollu=on
broader
hasApproved
hasApproved
Monique
Delphine
27

28. Experimenta-on
at
ADEME
<1=1&812)
:+,)
516787691) !"#$%&'#()
:;,) *+,)
-../"012)
34,)
28

29. Folksonomy
enrichment
life-­‐cycle
User-centric
structuring
Flat Automatic
folksonomy processing
Detect
ADDING TAGS conflicts
Global
Structured
structuring
folksonomy
29

30. Global
map
Includes
all
points
of
view,
highlights
conflicts
+
consensuses
30

31. Referent
choices
Choices
of
the
referent
user
(archivists
at
Ademe
e.g.)
31

32. Folksonomy
enrichment
life-­‐cycle
User-centric
structuring
Flat Automatic
folksonomy processing
Detect
ADDING TAGS conflicts
Structured Global
folksonomy structuring
32

33. Each
point
of
view
corresponds
to
a
layer
33

34. Enriching
individual
points
of
view
Integra=ng
others'
contribu=ons:
Anne
is
looking
for
1. Current
user
-­‐>
"Anne"
resources
tagged
2. ReferentUser
(e.g.
archivists)
"environnement"
3. ConflictSolver
(sohware
agent)
4. Other
individual
users
5. Automatons
(metrics)
domaines
environnementaux
BROADER
RELATED
Search:
environnement
NARROWER
CLOSE
MATCH
preoccupa=on
environnementales
environmental
grenelle
de
l
environnement
environment
competences
environnementales
34

35. 2. 2nd
Applica-on
case
:
Leveraging
the
reuse
of
2nd
hand
objects
35

36. Paris
How
will
I
get
rid
of
all
these
rusty
coffee
makers??
Nice

37. Digitazing
the
stock
of
2nd
hand
shops
37

38. Seman-cally
Enhanced
catalog
The goal :
Finding semantically
? Related tags
? To enhance searching
?
coffee maker

39. Seman-cally
Enhanced
catalog
The idea :
Mapping tags
With ontologies’ concepts
Hot liquid
container
coffee pot
coffee maker
tea pot
= subClassOf

40. Seman-cally
Enhanced
catalog
1.
The
user
enter
"coffee
maker"
Results for "coffee maker":
coffee maker
2.
The
system
suggests
addi=onal
results
thanks
to
seman=c
rela=ons
Related results :
Results for "tea pot":
Results for "coffee pot":

41. 5. Conclusion
41

42. What
we
do
:
Help
online
communi=es
environment
renewable
energy
related
has
broader
wind-­‐energy
structure
their
tags
related
has
narrower
sustainability
wind
turbine
42

43. Our
contribu-ons:
 An
approach
to
bridge
tagging
with
Seman-c
Web:
 Automa-c
processing
of
tags:
 User
interface
to
capture
tag
structuring
embedded
in
every-­‐day
tasks
 Implementa-on
within
ISICIL
solu=on
(tagging
server)
43

44. Future
work
• 1st
scenario:
• More
user
interfaces
• test
within
ISICIL
(ANR)
project
• Mul=linguism
• 2nd
scenario:
• op=miza=on
of
storage
in
the
reuse
of
valued
waste
• generic
applica=ons
44

45. Thank
you
for
your
aden-on
!
me
:
freddy.limpens@inria.fr
http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Freddy.Limpens
my
advisors
:
Fabien
Gandon
:
fabien.gandon@inria.fr
Michel
Buffa
:
buffa@unice.fr
ISICIL
team
:
http://isicil.inria.fr
45