1. Bioremediation was used to treat chlorinated solvent contamination at a 5 hectare site for Vanderlande Industries in the Netherlands using substrate injection. 2. Soybean oil emulsion was injected into 80 wells using a biostimulator system to stimulate microbial degradation. This led to 80-90% reductions in contaminant concentrations. 3. Monitoring showed that degradation of contaminants like DCE and VC to non-toxic products like ethene and ethane was occurring, along with expected geochemical changes that indicated biodegradation was proceeding as planned.

1. Innovation in bioremediation Biostimulator Technology for Large-Scale Substrate Injection Experiences at the Vanderlande NL site Christian Soeter Technical WebEx Session Project Leader

2. Contents presentation Methods for substrate injection Bioremediation at Vanderlande Industries Installation bioscreens Starting situation contamination Implementation Biostimulator Experiences Process monitoring

3. Methods for substrate injection Infiltration & Pull Push Direct Push extraction 1 à 2 m 3 100 l per m R=0,5-1 m R=2-3 m R > 10 m

5. Situation bioscreens Vanderlande Contamination with DCE and VC 3 bioscreens at 4- 20 m -gl

8. Drilling works Well screen Blind tube blind tube Well screen Well cover Cement Bentonite Gravel Bentonite Gravel Gravel Ground level 1 well/borehole 2 wells/borehole

9. Sonic drilling Small tractor Big tractor

10. Sonic drilling Small caterpillar Big caterpillar

11. Soil stratification Nuenen formation Depth Bioscreen 1 Bioscreen 2 Bioscreen 3 (m-gl) Borehole 1, 11 and 20 Borehole 21 and 35 Borehole 37 0 – 1 silty sand silty sand silty sand 1 – 2 sandy loam sandy loam 2 – 3 silty sand silty sand 3 - 4 sandy loam 4 – 9 fine sand fine sand fine sand 9 -10 fine sand with thin peat layers fine sand with thin peat layers fine sand with thin loam and peat layers 10-13 fine sand fine sand fine sand 13-14 fine sand with loam and peat layers fine sand with thin loam and peat layers 14- 16 fine sand 1st aquifer Fine sand with gravel fine sand with gravel 16 -17 fine sand with thin peat layers 17 -20 fine sand

12. Starting situation contamination NE NW Screen 1 Screen 2 Screen 3

13. Starting situation contamination Screen 3 Screen 2 Screen 1

14. Starting situation contamination DCE

15. Starting situation contamination VC

17. Biostimulator setup Biostimulator and storage tanks Manifold on trailer

20. Substrate injection Injection wells with injector heads Thresholds for distribution across the street

21. Substrate injection Flow control at manifold Pressure control at injection wells

24. Monitoring DCE

25. Monitoring VC

26. Monitoring Ethene

27. Monitoring ORP

28. Monitoring sulfate

29. Monitoring DOC