3.  Programmes
 Participants

5.  Rivers Streams
 Canals
 Pools
 Lakes
 Gravel Pits
( Cont…..)

6.  Storm
 Drain systems
 Causes Weather changes
 Submerged debris
 Boat collisions
 Hypothermia

7. Most incidents preventable
Essential EMS practices Know
how to swim Wear a personal
flotation device (PFD) Take
basic water rescue course

8.  Overconfidence
 No PFD Cramps
 Un Conscious
 Accident of transports
 week swimmer

9. Body cannot maintain temperature in water
<92 of Heat loss occurs 25x Water
Temperature
Immersion can lead to hypothermia
Hypothermia can lead to Inability to self-
rescue Inability to follow simple
directions Inability to grasp line, flotation
device Sudden immersion, laryngospasm,
drowning faster than in air Water
Temperature
Water Temperature

10.  REACH
 THROW
 ROW
 Wade
 Go Rescue

15. Use a throwing assist to
rescue someone
beyond your reach in
a pool or open water.
Throw a buoyant
object tied to a line to
the victim. S/he can
grasp the object and be
Throw bags

16. Throw equipment potentially.
Any floating object at hand,
such as a picnic jug, small
cooler, buoyant cushion,
kickboard or extra life jacket

18. 1. Get into a stride position:
The leg opposite your
throwing arm is forward. This
helps to keep your balance when
you throw the object.
(Cont)

19. 2. Step on the end of the line
attached to the ring buoy/
heaving line/ heaving jug
with your forward foot.
Avoid stepping on the coiled
line with the other foot.
(cont)

20. 3- Shout to get the victim’s
attention. Make eye contact and
say that you are going to throw
the object now. Tell the victim
to grab it. (They might not be
able to hear you or respond to
you.)
cont

21. 4. Bend your knees and
throw the object to
the victim. Try to throw
the object upwind
and/or up current, just
over (past) the
victim's head so that
the line drops within
reach.

22. If the victim does not
immediately notice and
grab the line, move yourself
on the deck/ on shore so
you can pull the line to get
the object under the
victim's hand/arm.
(cont)

23.  5. When the victim has grasped
the object or the line, slowly
pull him or her to safety. Lean
away from the water as you
pull.
(cont)

24. 6. If the object does not get out
as far as the victim, quickly pull
the line back in and throw it
again. Try to keep the line from
tangling, but do not waste time
trying to coil it. If using a
throw bag, partially fill the
bag with some water and throw
it again.

25. Try to keep the line from
tangling, but do not waste time
trying to coil it. If using a throw
bag, partially fill the bag with
some water and throw it again.

26. Don't Go: Don't go into the
water unless you are trained
the way life guards are
trained to rescue injured
people. call for help.
If you call for Rescue 1122
or 15 stay calm and give your
exact location.

27. Learn first aid:
CPR (Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation) for
drowning and how to
help someone who has
been in cold water and
may need treatment for
hypothermia.

28.  Go only with assistance and only
with trained personnel.
 Use flotation aids for the victim
like rescue can or rescue tube.
 Assisted swimming rescues
always with proper PPE.

30.  Location of Victims In flat
water,
 location of average patient
under average conditions = 1.5x
water depth of where he/she
went down

31.  Water is 10 feet deep Patient
will be within a circle with a 15
feet radius centered on spot
where patient went down. If
the surface is under water is
flat.
 If the surface is not flat then
the patient will be 20 to 30 Feet
to the slow side

32.  Location of Victims In moving
water, patients will be within 100 to
150 yards downstream
 Common locations:
Deep holes Eddies downstream of
large objects Strainers it is also
depend on water speed in the
mountain area the patients may
go kilometers of downstream

33. Probing by Bamboo stick
If the water is not dirty the
rescuer can touch the
water and he will see every
thing under water easily up
to 20 feet under water
Through boat and Rescue
Rope

34. Physical Rescue by Rescuer
By Rope throw water knots
By bamboos stick with hook

38. Moving Water Most dangerous water
rescue Requires proficiency in:
Technical rope rescue skills Crossing
moving water Defensive swimming
Use of throw bags Shore-based and
boat-based rescues Ability to package
patient in water

39. Recirculating Currents
Develop as water moves over
uniform obstructions (rocks,
low head dams) “Hydraulic”
forms, moves against flow
Recirculating water traps
people against object

40.  Strainers Partial obstructions
that filter water Downed trees,
gratings, mesh Creates unequal
force across itself People become
pinned water’s force
 Strainers Attempt to swim over
object Do NOT put feet on
bottom

41.  :
Foot/Extremity Pins Walking in
moving water over knee depth
ALWAYS is hazardous! Foot, leg
may become entrapped Person
can be knocked below surface
by water’s force Extremity held in
place by water’s weight, force

42. Intakes Height is no indication
of danger All dams may have
recirculating currents Intake
grates serve as strainers

43. Moving Water Self-Rescue Avoid
entering water except as last resort!
Cover mouth, nose Protect head,
 keep face out of water Do NOT
attempt to stand up Float on back,
feet pointed downstream Steer with
feet,

44.  point head toward near shore at
45 angle Water move slower on
inside of bends
Look for obstructions Eddies on
downside of objects may flow
slowly upstream, moving you
toward river’s edge

45. Flat
Water

46.  Factors Affecting Survival Age
Position underwater Lung volume
PDF use Water temperature
Mammalian diving reflex

47. Factors Affecting Survival PFD
Use 89% of all boating fatalities
are related to lack of a PFD PFDs
should be worn when working in,
on, or near water Swimming
pools, flash floods can be water
hazards even in arid areas!

48.  Factors Affecting Survival
Mammalian Diving Reflex Water
<68 ◦F Brady cardia, intense
peripheral vasoconstriction Blood,
oxygen shunted to core organs,
circulated very slowly
Hypothermia Slows metabolism
Conserves oxygen Only protective
if it occurs BEFORE cardiac arrest
occurs

49.  Cold Protective Response YOU’RE
NOT DEAD UNTIL YOU’RE WARM AND
DEAD!

50. Rescue vs. Recovery Time
submerged Age Physical condition
Known/suspected trauma
Water temperature Estimated
time for rescue/removal

51. In-Water
Patient
Immobilization

52. In-Water Patient
Immobilization Assume
cervical injuries in drowning
victims until prove otherwise

53. Phase 1:
In-Water Splint victim head, neck
with arms Roll victim to face-
up position Assure open airway
Maintain position until cervical
collar applied

54. Phase 2:
C-collar Application Primary
rescuer maintains airway, SMR
Second rescuer sizes, applies
collar Second rescuer secures
patient’s hand to patient’s waist

55. Phase 3:
 Back boarding Maintain airway
and manual SMR Submerge board
under
patient’s waist Allow board
to float up to victim Secure
victim with straps

56.  Phase 4:
 Removal Move to extraction
point Extricate patient head
first Pass from water to
rescuers on land Avoid
extrication thorough surf Use
bystanders who can swim as
a breakwater behind patient

57.  Check the surface of ground in the water
 Before inter the water make sure there is
no poison insects or snakes in the water
 An also check for the sharp edges or bushes
under the water.
 Before inter the water check your all PFD
and PPE equipments .
 Don’t allow the non swimmers to go in side
water
(cont)