What is Internet of Things (IoT)

1. Internet of Things (IoT)
By Fabian

2. Agenda
• Introduction to IoT
• History of IoT
• Benefits of IoT
• How IoT Works
• Future of IoT

3. Introduction to IoT
Different views of IoT:
• For some people, IoT means sensors, things that gathers information from the environment.
• For some people, IoT means tracking goods. Tracking goods as they move between facilities or
tracking goods inside a factory.
• For some people, it's more about automation where they learn from processors and devices that
can automate processors to make things more efficient.
• For some people, it's more about this eHealth fitness band that they wear and personal objects in
their environment.
• For some people, it's more about machines that learn from other machines and automate
processes together. It's more about a machine to machine type of communication.
Let us see more in detail what is IoT in the next slide.

4. What is IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals, or people that has an IP address and the ability to transfer data over
a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
To have an IoT, you need two things. You need things and the internet.
Things include machines, devices, sensors, consumer products, and so on.
For example:
• A person with a heart monitor implant.
• A farm animal with a biochip transponder.
• An automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low.
• A man-made object that can be assigned an IP address and can transfer data over a
network.

5. When machines, devices, sensors, or consumer products with an IP address connected to
a network and shares data that forms IoT.

6. History of IoT
In 1997, Kevin Ashton worked at Proctor & Gamble. He was
working on RFID, a radio frequency-based identifier for machines
to track multiple devices.
Kevin thought that using RFID tags on goods would be helpful to
track things as they were produced, and it would probably help this
company supply chain.
In 1999, Kevin published an article called Internet of Things.
MIT professor Neil Gerstenfeld published a book called “When
Things Start to Think” in 1999. Though he didn’t use exact terms
of Kevin Ashton, he provided a clear vision of where IoT was
heading.

7. Benefits of IoT
IoT offers many benefits to people and organizations. Some of the benefits are:
• Saves time and money.
• Improves employee's productivity .
• Integrates and transforms business processes.
• Helps people live and work smarter.
• Improves the customer experience.
• Generates more revenue.
• Automates processes and reduce labor costs.

8. How IoT Works
The four distinct components of IoT system are:
• Sensors or devices
• Connectivity
• Data processing
• A user interface
1. Sensors or Devices
Sensors or devices collect data from the nearby environment. For example, ambient light,
the sensor is made for detecting light.
Our phone has different sensors, and some of the sensors are:
• Accelerometers – Determines motion
• Gyroscope - Determines altitude and position
• Temperature sensor- Determines the temperature

9. 2. Connectivity
3. Data Processing
In the previous slide, we saw sensors collect data. But where the data is sent?
The sensors or devices connect to the cloud through a variety of methods including cellular,
satellite, WiFi, Bluetooth, low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) or connecting directly to the
internet via ethernet.
All the collected data is sent to the cloud.
After the data is uploaded to the cloud, the software performs the data process. For example,
the software checks if the room temperature is within the limit. Or the software checks the
duration of your sleep time.
4. User Interface
A user has an interface to check the processed information. For example, a user might check
their phone to know the duration of the sleep time. Or they might instruct the phone to increase
the room temperature.

10. Practical Example of How IoT Works
Mr. Jack is an athlete and gives more importance to run. His day starts with a run.
Jack always wears a fitness band on his wrist, and the fitness band is connected to his
phone.
At 5 am, the fitness band vibrates gently to wake up Jack. Jack checks his phone to
know his sleep duration.
As soon as he gets up from bed, the sensor increases the brightness in the room. The
sensor passes the information to a virtual assistant. And the virtual assistant reads the
news for Jack.
Can you see how the devices connect and communicate with each other? Isn't cool?
Yes, it is all because of IoT.

11. Future of IoT
IoT devices are becoming a part of the mainstream electronics culture, and people are adopting
smart devices into their homes faster than ever.
The future is happening now, and these devices are getting smarter every day through machine
learning and artificial intelligence. To prove that IoT is taking off rapidly, Target opened up a store
in San Francisco that exclusively sells IoT devices. There is big money in the IoT space currently,
and it will only continue to grow as technology improves.
By 2025, it is estimated that there will be more than 21 billion IoT devices.
The internet of things devices such as machines and sensors are expected to generate 79.4
Zettabytes of data in 2025 which is predicted by IDC (International Data Corporation). Also, IoT
will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 28.7% over 2020 t0 2025.

12. Thank You