This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Maria José Sanz Sanchez, from Basque Centre for Climate Change - Spain, in FAO Hq, Rome

1. Sustainable land management to
mitigate and adapt to climate change
Theme 2: Maintaining or/and increasing SOC for climate change
mitigation and adaptation and land degradation neutrality
GCSOC 17
M. J. Sanz

2. Multipleecosystemservices
“Highlight the science-based synergistic potential
of SLM practices to address DLDD, climate
change mitigation and adaptation”
Objective 2 of the SPI work program 2016-2017

3. The means: Concepts
Adaptation: Adjustment in
natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected
climatic stimuli or their effects,
which moderates harm or
exploits beneficial
opportunities
Mitigation: An anthropogenic
intervention to reduce the
sources or enhance the sinks of
greenhouse gases
Sustainable Land
Management (SLM):
“The use of land resources, including
soils, water, animals and plants, for the
production of goods to meet changing
human needs, while simultaneously
ensuring the long-term productive
potential of these resources and the
maintenance of their environmental
functions” (UN Earth Summit, 1992)
“Knowledge-based procedure that helps
integrate land, water, biodiversity and
environmental management (including
input and output externalities) to meet
rising food and fiber demands while
sustaining ecosystem services and
livelihoods” (World Bank, 2005).
The ecosystem approach
(EbA): Strategy for the
integrated management of
land, water, and living
resources that promote
conservation and sustainable
use in an equitable way
Ecosystem' means a dynamic
complex of plant, animal and
micro-organism communities
and their non-living
environment interacting as a
functional unit

4. SUSTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT
Stabilize GHGs in the atmosphere at a level
that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system (Art.2)
Combat desertification and mitigate the
effects of drought in countries experiencing
serious drought and/or desertification
(Art.2)
Conservation of biological diversity, the
sustainable use of its components and the
fair and equitable sharing of the benefits
arising out of the utilization of genetic
resources
Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss
Target (15.3) “combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil,
including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive
to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
LAND USE
SLM Mean
LDN
Goal
DLDDMitigation
Adaptation
AFOLU sector
REDD+
CSA
CDM
LULUCF KP
EA
AIKI TARGETS
Conservation of
biological diversity
NAPAs
NDCs

5. 5
SLM practices
- Regulation
- Provision
- Supporting
- Cultural
ES
- Local – farm
- Sub-national
- National
- Regional
- Global
SLM: Use of land resources, including soils, water, animals and plants, for the production of
goods to meet changing human needs, while simultaneously ensuring the long-term
productive potential of these resources and the maintenance of their environmental functions
SCALE
EbA,EBA,CBA,LandscapeApproach,
IntegratedLandManagement
Enabling env.
Socio-econ.
Technical choice

6. 6
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Look for technical
Solutions
Understand proceses
Identify barriers and opport.
Co-design (participation)
Institutional arrangements
Socio-economic context
How to upscale
To achieving LDN,
adapt to and
mitigate climate
change, while
providing other co-
benefits

7. 7
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Look for technical
solutions
Understand proceses

8. Land clases/types/use
WOCAT
WOCAT
Cropland
Grazing land
Forest/Woodland
Mixed
Other land
IPCC
Cropland
Grasslands
Forest land
Wetlands
Settlements
Other land
Cropland management
Grazing Land Management
Forestry
Iintegrated systems
Livestock
Supply-side mitigation
options in the AFOLU sectorLand Use Categories Land Use Types
Technical solutions

9. Qualitative assessment:
DLDD
CC Adap.CC Mit.
Biodiv.
Limited number of
practices that illustrate
the most common cases

10. CROPLANDS

11. CROPLANDS
Choice plant species/varieties
Multiple Cropping, intercropping
Permanent soil cover
Green cover in perennial woody crops
Agricultural biotechnology
Crop rotations
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate
change adaptation and mitigation
No-till technology
Reduced tillage of almonds and olives
Reduced contour tillage

12. Application of organic fertilizers
Production and application of bio humus
Changing fertilizer application practices
Micro fertilization
Trees as Buffer Zones
Integrated production and pest management
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate
change adaptation and mitigation
CROPLANDS

13. GRAZING LANDS
Creation of a perennial grass seed area
Grazing land rehabilitation, shrubs plantation
Area closure to grazing
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate
change adaptation and mitigation

14. FOREST/WOODLANDS
Afforestation with species mix at different scales
Land reclamation by introducing native species
Reforestation in former forest lands
Reintroduction of forest cover after wildfires
Establishment of protected forest areas
Reducing slash and burn agriculture
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate
change adaptation and mitigation
Assisted regeneration
Management for forest fire prevention

15. 15 Clough, Y. et al. 2016
Land-use choices follow profitability at the expense of ecological functions
Indonesian smallholder landscapes

16. MIXED
Agroforestry
Agri-patoral
systems
Multipurpose trees on crop lands
Orchard with integrated grazing and fodder production
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate
change adaptation and mitigation
Animal Draft Zero-Tillage
Home gardens

17. 17
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Identify barriers and opport.
Co-design (participation)
Institutional arrangements
Socio-economic context
How to upscale

18. LandscapeDLDD
CC

19. 19
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Look for technical
Solutions
Understand proceses
LDN
To achieving LDN,
adapt to and
mitigate climate
change, while
providing other co-
benefits
Identify barriers and opport.
Co-design (participation)
Institutional arrangements
Socio-economic context
How to upscale

20. 20
 Many of the SLM technical solutions include directly or indirectly the
improvement of soil quality though increase of SOC.
 In order to design, prioritize and implement the mix of interventions
that can optimally achieve simultaneous multiple benefits. “Win-win”
solutions that address synergistically DLDD (to achieve LDN), climate
change adaptation and mitigation, and provide other co-benefits, will
require understanding the degradation processes that are ongoing, as
well as the socio-economic context and dynamics of the drivers of this
process.
 It will not be possible to export SLM approaches from one site to
another without matching well the technical and site specific
environmental, social and institutional aspects.
SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT

21. Potential areas for synergy
on:
Training and education
• On the ground actions that through SLM actions advance the goals od the 3 Conventions
Awareness raising
• Dissemination joint products
Information generation and sharing
• Common open Access platforms for data, information and knowledge sharing
Scientific research
• Promotion of multidisciplinary research, more efficient use of resources
Reporting and monitoring (domestic)
• One data platform at country level on environmental information, less burden and more consistency