Targeted for 2020, 5G will take the eco-system to a whole new level. New applications, new business models and even new industries will spring up around 5G. With 5G, we can expect our high speed connections to extend into our vehicles, into our things, with fewer interruptions and new ways of working or remote working starting to take off. If we look at some of the goals of 5G versus where we are today, we can see the gap that has to be bridged over the next few years. The goal of 1ms latency is nearly 50x better than current LTE systems. In order to go from 100Mbps per user to 10Gbps, we need 100x the throughput per connection. The current 10,000 connections per square kilometer needs to increase to 1Million connections which is a 100x increase in density. Reliable communications today with LTE top can sustain 350km/h and we expect to bring that up by 1.5x to 500km/h . Finally the current core networks and backhaul/front-haul are inflexible with wasted pools of bandwidth. The introduction of SDN/NFV will allow much better ability to chop up and virtualize the network resources for lower operational costs and capital costs and much greater flexibility. In this talk, we will briefly describe the candidate 5G technologies and provide a look at the actual worldwide standardization process.

1. 1
5G: An Evolution or a
Revolution?
Mérouane Debbah
Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Lab, Huawei,
France
November 24st, 2016

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Huawei was founded in Shenzhen, China’s Special Economic
Zone
Huawei, a private company, was founded by Ren Zhengfei and several other
investors with an investment of US$3,500. At that time, the company was a reseller of
PBX switches of Hong Kong Hong Nian Company.
Huawei developed C&C08 digital switches, which were primarily deployed in
rural areas.
Huawei started engaging global top consulting firms for management
transformations.
Huawei established its first international R&D center in
Bangalore, India.
Huawei became a preferred supplier for top carriers such as British
Telecom and Vodafone. Revenue from Asia Pacific, the Americas, and
EMEA exceeded domestic market for the first time.
Huawei transformed itself from a CT company to an ICT company and
established three BGs: Carrier BG, Enterprise BG, and Consumer BG.
Shenzhen in
the early 1980s
Shenzhen after
three decades
1987
1993
1997
1999
2005
2010

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 Carrier :77% Huawei's revenue generated from the carrier network business i
from world's top 50 carriers
 Enterprise : serving more than 100 global top 500 companies
 Consumer : raising the brand awareness to 65%
 A leading global ICT solutions provider
 A Fortune Global 500 company, ranking 285 in 2014
 Interbrand Top 100 Best Global Brands
 170,000+ employees worldwide
 45% or 76,000+ employees engaged in R&D
 LinkedIn World's 100 Most InDemand
Employers
Who is Huawei
 US$46.5B revenue in 2014
 Serving 1/3 of the world's population
Market Progress
Employees
Business Areas
Today, Huawei is a leading ICT company

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R&D center
Huawei Headquarters
Technical support center
Accounting shared service center
Supply center & Hub
Training center
Bidding center
Argentina
Mauritius
Malaysia
Romania
China
India
Hungary
Brazil
Mexico
Netherlands
UAE
Bahrain
Germany
Toronto
Ottawa
Silicon Valley
Globalized resource deployment and localized
business operations
 Operations in 170+ countries and regions; 170,000+ employees comprised of 160+ nationalities worldwide ; 30,000+ non-Chinese employees
with 75%+ localization rate.
 Huawei's global value chain allows fluid capability transfer across the globe, develops and retains talent in local countries, and creates jobs and
economic opportunities.

5. 5
Trends & Insights
4.5G: new benchmark for 5G?
5G, where are we?

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Useful Clarifications: IMT 2020 or « 5G »
 IMT 2020 is the actual effort to define next generation cellular
technology.
 What is means in practice is that, when the discussion starts, 3GPP will
import the relevant IMT 2020 requirements and add its own requirements
on top of that.
 “5G” will remain a marketing term that companies will use (like it was
the case for “4G”)

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9. 9
Trends & Insights
4.5G: new benchmark for 5G?
5G Revolution and Challenges

10. 10
5G
2009 2015
2020
People
Giga World
Things
IoT Market
4.5G4G
MBB2020
Opening Giga Mobile World, Empowering Vertical Markets
4.5G Vision
2x MBB Users
10x Data Usage/month
7.5x C-IoT Conn.3b
6.7b

11. 11
4.5G
Experience 4.0
VoiceHD
HD Voice HD Video
Connection+
NB-IoT, MC
PTT
…
HD
Vide
o
Gbps
Cloud VR/A
R
2K/4K
Video
4.5G, Engine of
New Services, New Experience, New Markets

12. 12
Connection+ (NB-IoT & LiTRA)

13. 13
Connection +
Macro
NB-IoT
--LTE integrated Trunked Radio
1 LiTRA2

14. 2B
Requirements
l Small Packet
(<100kbps)
l Deep Coverage
（20dB）
l Low power (10 Years)
l Low cost (<$5)
0.8B
0.2B
Connections in 2020
(Billion)
 Camera
 Electronic billboards…
Market
Segment
LPWA: Low Power Wide Area
3G/4G
Technology
GSM/GPRS/CDMA
LTE MTC(R12, R13)
Zigbee, Bluetooth
WiFi, Sigfox, LoRa
NB-IoT…
l >10Mbps
l ~1Mbps
l Low power
consumption
 Smart Home
 POS…
 Sensors, Meters
 Asset Tracking
 Smart Parking
 Smart agriculture …
By 2020, LPWA to Represent 70% of Cellular IoT Connections
14

15. 15
200kHz 200kHz200kHz
LTE
Bandwidth
20MHz
1.4
MHz
3
MHz
5
MHz
10MHz 15MHz
Standalone LTE Guard Band LTE In Band
10-year Battery Life
PSM State
Data Wake up
20+dB Gain Over 2G
Coverage
9~12 dB
N Repetitions~17dB
NB-IoT Controller Service
Platform
DL DataSingleRAN
(2G/3G/4G/NB-IoT)
SingleRAN Based Network
NB-IoT
200KHz
NB-IoT Network Performance
Higher Power density
PSM: Power Saving Mode

16. Location accuracy (NB-IoT UTDOA) = (1/Signaling bandwidth *Sampling accuracy) *c
(1/500K * 1/40) * 3*10^8= 15m
18Q2: Dedicated Positioning Reference Symbol: 3 sites for location ->4+ sites for location
18Q2: Multi carrier Frequency Spread, Signaling Bandwidth 180K->400K
17Q2: Multi tone. Signaling Bandwidth 15K->180K
18Q2: Sampling Accuracy 1/40->1/100
Positioning: NB-IoT Positioning Solution
eNodeB 2
eNodeB 0
eNodeB 1
LoRA NB-IoT(17B) NB-IoT(18A/B)
Signaling bandwidth 500K 180K Multi carrier
Sampling accuracy 1/40 1/40 1/100
Final accuracy ~20m 50~100m 10~20m
C:Speed of Light
16

17. Scenarios
 High site density
 High interference
throughput improvement in cell edgeThroughput degrading due to serious
interference in cell edge.
Normal cells
SFN cells
Same PCI
Different PCI
Joint Transmission &Joint Receiving in cell edge
Topology: SFN
40%
17

18. 18
NB-IoT
(add-on)
Reuse Existing Antenna
Reuse Existing OSS
Reuse Existing Baseband
Reuse Existing RF
eNodeB
Site: SingleRAN Support Upgrading Smoothly to NB-IoT

19. 19
Module
Chipset
Device
Vertical Industry
2015 2016
NB-IoT E2E Ecosystem Update

20. 20
Accelerate the Adoption of More Use Cases
Pet Tracking
Smart Parking
Gas Meter
Water Meter
4 Use Cases 50 Use Cases
Environmental
Monitoring
Smart Band
Liquid and
Pressurized Fuels
Smart Bike
Smart Vending
Waste Bin
Smoke and Fire
Alarms
Water Bin
2015 2016

21. 21
UK
 Developers from Different Parties for Idea Exchange to Empower
Innovation
Dubai,
UAE
Beijing ,
China
Seoul ,
Korea
Italy
Shanghai ,C
hina
NB-IoT Open Labs
 Live NB-IoT Service and Network, Software Simulating Tools,
Working Spaces
 Provide Different API, SDK and Other Resource to Facilitate Rapid
Application Deployment on Different Platform

22. 22
Standardization of NB-IoT Completed
R14 kick off R14 frozen
2016.03 2016.05 2016.06 2016.09 2017.03
NB-IoT
eMTC
EC-GSM
R13 Completed
RAN1
RAN2
RAN3
R13 Completed
RAN1
RAN2
RAN3
R13
GERAN2(Performance)
R13
RAN4(Performance)
R13
RAN4(Performance)
R13 Completed
GERAN1
R14
Positioning
Multicast
Non-Anchor PRB enhancements
Mobility and service continuity
enhancement
New Power Class
R14
Positioning
R14
Positioning
Multicast
Mobility
enhancements
Higher data rates
VoLTE

23. 5 USD Module is Competitive for LPWA Market
$30
$15 $15
$10 $9 $8 $8
$5
CAT4 CAT1 CAT0
(MTC)
CAT-M
(eMTC)
Sigfox GPRS LoRa NB-IoT
ONLY NB-IoT
can do it
23

24. 24
Sigfox LoRa EC-GSM Cat-1 Cat-0 eMTC NB-IoT
Standardization Private Open 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP
Spectrum Unlicensed Unlicensed Licensed Licensed Licensed Licensed Licensed
Channel BW 100Hz 7.8~500kHz 200kHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4MHz 180KHz
System BW 100KHz 125kHz 1.4MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4~20MHz 1.4MHz 180KHz
Peak Data Rate
UL:100bps
DL:600bps
180bps~37.5kbps
DL: 74kbps
UL:74kbps
DL:10Mbps
UL:5Mbps
DL:2Mbps
UL:1Mbps
DL:800kbps
UL:1Mbps
DL:234.7kbps
UL:204.8kbps
Max. number of
Message per day
140(Device)
50000(BTS)
50000(BTS) unlimited unlimited unlimited unlimited unlimited
Device Peak
Tx Power 14dBm 14dBm 26dBm 23dBm 23dBm 23dBm 23dBm
MCL(Maximum
Coupling Loss)
UL:156dB
DL: 147dB
UL: 156dB
DL:
168(SF12, BW7.8)
132(SF6, BW125)
164dB 144dB 144dB 156dB 164dB
Device Power
Consumption Low Low-Medium Low Medium Medium Low-Medium Low
LPWA Technologies Overview

25. 25
Trends & Insights
4.5G: a new benchmark for 5G?
5G Revolution and Challenges

26. 26
5G Activities All Over The World
Countries and projects where 5G is studied, Asia is leading the 5G verification/trial
11-2012
European Union METIS 2020 Project
29 members
€27 million investment
DoCoMo joint 5G research
with 13 vendors
12-2013
European Union 5G PPP Project
€125 million investment for 5G (initial EU funding)
>€700 million investment funding in 2014-2020
Update on 02-2014: €4B investment in 2014-2020
11-2013
Huawei 5G research
investment ~$600 million
China Gov 5G funding
¥160 million in 2013 only
MIIT launch of IMT-2020
Promotion Group or 5G
Targeting 2020 commercialization
10-2012
UK Gov."5G Innovation Centre“
at the University of Surrey
150 researchers, ~100 PHDs
£41 million investment
Launch of 5G Forum in 2013
South Korea Gov. $1.5B
funding in developing and
rolling out trial 5G services by
2017,Commercial services by
2020
CMCC 5G Project
03-2014
Germany and UK 5G research project
On 24-02-2014 NGMN has made a decision to focus the future NGMN work programme on defining the end-to-end requirements for 5G
Alliance representing 21 mobile operators around the world
5GMF set up on 09-2014,
verification from 2017

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31. 31
Diversified Challenges and Gaps to Reach 5G
Network
Architecture
Slicing
Ability
Required
Connections
1,000K
Connections
Per km2
Mobility
500km/h
High-speed
Railway
Throughput
10Gbps
Per
Connection
Latency
1 ms
E2E
Latency
5G
100Mbps 10K 350Km/h30~50ms Inflexible
LTEGAP
30~50x 100x 100x 1.5x NFV/SDN

32. 32
3GPP: 5G Timeline
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 20212017 2022
Rel-10 Rel-11 Rel-12 Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
3GPP
Req., Eval.
Criteria
ITU Workshop
Proposal
WRC-12 WRC-15 WRC-19
Spec.
ITU-R
LTE-Advanced (4G)
Eval
Rel-17
5G SI(s)
UAI, other features /
enhancements
5G WI(s)
Phase-2
5G WI(s)
Phase-1
LTE-Advanced Pro (4.5G)
2018Q2
Basic
function
Verification
2020Q2
Commercial
2019Q3
IOT Test
5G

33. 5G Standardization Process
High Frequency Channel
2018.06 2019.12
RAN Requirement & Scope (SI) Phase 1 WI Phase2 WI
2015.09 2016.03
Phase 1
Frozen
Phase 2
Frozen
Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
2017.03
Waveform & MA
Numerology
Modulation & Coding
MIMO
Channel and
Signaling
 OFDM based waveform
 NOMA needs to be investigated
 Forward-compatible flexible frame
structure
 Full support of Massive MIMO
 Polar code and LDPC should be
included in research.
5G AI basic Consensus
Now 2016.102016.11
Kick off
3GPP SI
Charter
5G AI direction will be almost
determined in 2016.

34. 34
New Air Interface (Huawei Innovations)
SCMA
F-OFDM
Polar Code
Full Duplex
Mobile Internet Internet of Things
Mission Critical MTC
One air interface fits many applications with high flexibility,
at least a 3x intrinsic spectrum efficiency improvement
Adaptive
Air Interface

35. 35
Huawei Won the World’s First 5G Award
2015 LTE/5G World
Summit，Huawei was
awarded the first 5G Prize:
“Biggest Contribution to
5G Development”