Organic Livestock Production Plans Guide

Organic System Plans:
Livestock Production

Photo courtesy USDA NRCS

This document was developed in 2006 by the National Center for Appropriate Technology
(NCAT) with funds provided by the USDA National Organic Program (NOP). It provides a
realistic example of an organic system plan based on best interpretations of the National
Organic Standard by NCAT and a team of representatives from the wider organic commu-
nity. It is not an official NOP document and should not be treated as such. Distribution is
ATTRA provided by NCAT’s ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service project.

Acknowledgements:
This document was written and prepared by George Kuepper, Project Leader and NCAT Midwest
Office Director in Lewis, Iowa, with the assistance of a stakeholder team comprised of representa-
tives from the organic community.

Stakeholder Team Members:
Katherine Adam, NCAT, Fayetteville, Ark.
Ann Baier, NCAT, Soquel, Calif.
Jo Ann Baumgartner, Wild Farm Alliance, Watsonville, Calif.
Brenda Book, Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, Olympia, Wash.
Holly Born, NCAT, Lewis, Iowa (assistant project leader)
Cissy Bowman, Indiana Certified Organic, Clayton, Ind.
Mark Bradley, USDA National Organic Program, Washington, D.C.
Diane Collins, Organic Farm Marketing, Viroqua, Wis.
Lisa Cone, Waterfall Hollow Farm, Berryville, Ark.
Joyce E. Ford, Organic Independents, Winona, Minn.
John Foster, Oregon Tilth, McMinnville, Ore.
Lance Gegner, NCAT, Fayetteville, Ark.
Liana Hoodes, National Campaign for Sustainable Agriculture, Pine Bush, N.Y.
Lisa Hummon, Defenders of Wildlife, Albuquerque, N.M.
Nancy Matheson, NCAT, Helena, Mont.
Lisa McCrory, NOFA-VT, Randolph, Vt.
Nancy Ostiguy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa.
Jim Riddle, University of Minnesota, Winona, Minn.
Pam Riesgraf, Organic Valley, Jordan, Minn.
Barbara C. Robinson, USDA/AMS, Washington, D.C.
Kelly Shea, Horizon Dairy, Colorado Springs, Colo.
Kathy Turner-Cliff t, Doubletree Ranch LLC, Huntsville, Ark.
Sara Vickerman, Defenders of Wildlife, West Linn, Ore.
Ann Wells, Springpond Holistic Animal Health, Prairie Grove, Ark.
Katherine Withey, Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, Olympia, Wash.

Formatting was done by Cynthia Arnold, NCAT administrative assistant, Fayetteville, Ark., and
Robyn Metzger, NCAT project assistant, Fayetteville, Ark.
Special thanks to Margo Hale, NCAT agriculture specialist, Fayetteville, Ark. Thanks also to the
Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Poteau, Okla., where Mr. Kuepper is now employed as
sustainable agriculture specialist.
NCAT does not recommend or endorse products, companies, or individuals. NCAT has offices in
Fayetteville, Ark.; Butte, Mont.; Davis, Calif.; Lewis, Iowa; Shavertown, Pa.; and Hammond, La.
For additional copies of this publication, contact: ATTRA, P.O. Box 3838, Butte, MT 59702;
1-800-346-9140

Page 2 Organic System Plans: Livestock Production

Contents
Farm plan update .......................................................6 Section 11: Handling for slaughter plan.......................48
Section 1: General information ......................................... 6 Section 12: Milk handling plan ........................................50
Section 2: Minor noncompliances ................................... 6 Section 13: Egg handling and packing plan ...............50
Section 3: Organic plan update ........................................ 8 Section 14: Fiber handling and packing plan ............51
Section 4: Annual summary of Section 15: Animal identification ...................................52
organic crop yield and sales ........................................ 11 Section 16: Marketing and labeling...............................52
Section 5: Affirmation ......................................................... 11 Section 17: Recordkeeping ...............................................54
Field history sheet................................................................ 12 Section 18: Split production.............................................56
Farm map ................................................................................14 Section 19: Affirmation.......................................................56
Soil test audit ......................................................................... 17 Water test audit.....................................................................58
Adjoining land-use letter ..................................................18 Handling Plan Application ......................................59
Organic livestock application form ........................20 Section 1: General information .......................................60
Section 1: General information .......................................20 Section 2: Labeling and product
Section 2: Prior non-compliances ..................................22 composition ......................................................................62
Section 3: Livestock inventory descriptions ...............24 Section 3: Assurance of organic integrity ...................64
Section 4: Origin of organic livestock ..........................24 Section 4: Pest management ...........................................68
Section 5: Livestock feed and feed supplements ....28 Section 5: Recordkeeping .................................................69
Section 6: Water ....................................................................34 Section 6: Affirmation .........................................................70
Section 7: Living conditions .............................................34 Process flow chart ................................................................72
Section 8: Pasture .................................................................38 Organic product profile .....................................................73
Section 9: Manure management ....................................40 Egg labels ................................................................................74
Section 10: Livestock health care practices ................42 Final note......................................................................................75

Introduction. If you want to certify your livestock operation(s) as organic, you will need to com-
plete an application form. This guide was developed to assist you in completing that application by
explaining just what information certifiers want and why it is required.
If you raise crops or provide pasture to feed your organic livestock, you will also need to complete
a basic farm application. While some certifiers combine crops and livestock into a single applica-
tion form, most use separate documents. For an example of a completed crop farm application, see
ATTRA’s Organic System Plans: Field and Row Crops and Pasture and Range Systems.
Our example. Some of the best tools for teaching are practical examples. That is what we’ve pro-
vided in this guide. Our example is a highly diverse, grass-based livestock farm. Maple Knoll Farm
covers 240 acres of rolling land in Pennsylvania. It is owned and operated by George and Helen
Smith, along with their five children. Their enterprises include a dairy, dairy beef, sheep for both
wool and meat, and free-range egg production. They have been organic since 1991.
The farm also sustains itself by growing and marketing breeder stock. The Smith family is interested
in minor breeds conservation. Their dairy herd features dual-purpose Devon cattle. The sheep are
Jacob and Gulf Coast Native breeds—the former chosen for its colored wool, the latter for its resis-
tance to internal parasites. The chickens are dual-purpose Black Australorp. This breed was chosen
for its prolific production of brown eggs. Most of the cropland is in pasture, rotated with oats and
corn. All crops are used as feed on the farm.
While this makes for an atypical farm, it allows us to demonstrate and discuss a full range of enter-
prise types, while still providing a realistic model. We chose to locate the farm in Pennsylvania
because we believe the climate and markets would be friendly to such an operation.

www.attra.ncat.org Page 3

The application form we have chosen is based on a template developed in 2006 by the National Cen-
ter for Appropriate Technology with funding from the National Organic Program. It is based on
application forms in active use by certifying agents during the 2005 and 2006 seasons. The applica-
tion form your certifier provides may well resemble this one. If not, it will still solicit the same kinds
of information as this document.
Why are applications for certification so long and detailed? An application for certification
serves two purposes. First, it provides basic contact and background information that the certifier
needs to assess your compliance with the Organic Foods Production Act and the USDA Organic
Regulations. Second, it meets the specific requirement of the National Organic Regulations for an
organic system plan, as specified in §205.201 of the National Organic Program. Your organic sys-
tem plan explains how you plan to manage your livestock in compliance with the Organic Regula-
tions. When you and your certifier agree on the details, it becomes a contract and roadmap that you
are expected to follow.
Will I need to complete such a long form every year? Not necessarily. Under most circum-
stances, you will need to complete a lengthy, detailed application only for your first year of produc-
tion. Thereafter, most certifiers allow you to submit much shorter update forms that list any planned
changes, although a few require submission of a full application every 3 to 5 years.
In our example, we are including an update form for the farm, along with a map and field history
sheet, so you can better understand the model farm we are using. The livestock application form,
however, is full length. This will give you a better idea of what a good, compliant organic livestock
farm might look like after several years of operation. There is also a Handler Application Form—
something that may or may not be appropriate for you. In our example the farmer candles, grades,
labels and packages eggs for sale. This requires that an additional form—a handler plan—be filed
with the certifier.
Navigating this guide. The guide provides an example of what a good application and system plan
might look like. Notes are provided wherever supplementary information is appropriate. There are
also references to ATTRA publications and other helpful materials.
The application document has three sections:
a) Farm Plan Update Form page 6
with maps and field history sheet
b) Livestock Application page 20
c) Handler Application page 59
The format is consistent with the way many organic applications are arranged.
Need further background on organic farming and the Regulations? To read the National
Organic Regulations, see the National Organic Program Web site at www.ams.usda.gov/nop/NOP/
NOPhome.html. To understand what organic production entails as far as strategies, techniques and
basic system design, see ATTRA’s Overview of Organic Crop Production. For information on organic
certification and background on organic regulation, ask for ATTRA’s Organic Farm Certification and
the National Organic Program. For guides on transitioning your operation to organic production, try
NCAT’s Organic Crops Workbook and the Organic Livestock Workbook. To aid in getting ready for the
on-site inspection—a key step in the certification process—ask for ATTRA’s Preparing for an Organic
Inspection: Steps and Checklists and Organic Certification Process. ATTRA publications can be found
on the Web at www.attra.ncat.org. Print copies can be requested by calling 1-800-346-9140.


What the organic regulations say about organic system plans
§205.201 Organic production and handling system plan.
(a) The producer or handler of a production or handling operation, except as exempt or excluded under
§205.101, intending to sell, label, or represent agricultural products as “100 percent organic,” “organic,” or
“made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s))” must develop an organic production or handling
system plan that is agreed to by the producer or handler and an accredited certifying agent. An organic sys-
tem plan must meet the requirements set forth in this section for organic production or handling. An organic
production or handling system plan must include:
(1) A description of practices and procedures to be performed and maintained, including the frequency with
which they will be performed;
(2) A list of each substance to be used as a production or handling input, indicating its composition, source,
location(s) where it will be used, and documentation of commercial availability, as applicable;
(3) A description of the monitoring practices and procedures to be performed and maintained, including the
frequency with which they will be performed, to verify that the plan is effectively implemented;
(4) A description of the recordkeeping system implemented to comply with the [recordkeeping] requirements
established in §205.103 [of the National Organic Regulations];
(5) A description of the management practices and physical barriers established to prevent commingling of
organic and nonorganic products on a split operation and to prevent contact of organic production and
handling operations and products with prohibited substances; and
(6) Additional information deemed necessary by the certifying agent to evaluate compliance with the regu-
lations.
(b) A producer may substitute a plan prepared to meet the requirements of another Federal, State, or local
government regulatory program for the organic system plan: Provided, That, the submitted plan meets all
the requirements of this subpart.


Lehigh Valley Organic Certifiers
Farm Plan Update
This form should be filled out by crop producers to update their organic farm system plans. Use additional sheets if necessary.
Attach a field history sheet for current year and updated farm maps (if any changes).
SECTION 1: General Information NOP Rules 205.406(a)(2) and 205.401(b)
Name George & Helen Smith Farm Name Maple Knoll Farm Type of Farm/Crops Mixed livestock, feed
grains & rotation pasture/hay
Address 423 Sandpiper Rd. City Shelby For office Use Only
Date received
St./Prov. Postal/Zip Code Country Date reviewed
PA 17001 U.S.A. Reviewer
Phone 570-222-1001 Fax 570-222-1001 E-mail smith@diversifiedfarm.net
 Sole proprietorship  Trust or nonprofit 
Legal Status: Corporation Organic Certification No.
C034
 Cooperative  Legal partnership (federal form 1065)  Other-specify
Year first List previous organic certification by List current organic certification Do you understand current
certified other agencies 1991-2000 by other agencies None organic standards?
1991 Penn State Organic Certifiers  yes  no
Have you ever been denied certification? If yes, describe the reasons for denial and attach documentation of corrective
 yes  no actions.
Preferred dates and time for inspection visit: Any weekday, Monday through Friday
 morning  afternoon  evening

SECTION 2: Minor noncompliances NOP Rule 205.406(a)(3)
Did you have any minor noncompliances from last year’s certification?  yes  no
If yes, please complete the following table, listing each minor noncompliance.
MINOR NONCOMPLIANCE DESCRIBE HOW YOU ADDRESSED THE MINOR NONCOMPLIANCE.

§205.204(a)(1) Lacked search documentation for Will provide contact documentation for at least three sources in the event
use of nonorganic seed. that nonorganic seed is used in the future. Blank documentation forms have
been acquired.
§205.206(f) Replacement corner post in NW corner Treated wood post was removed and replaced with concrete post.
of field A-1 is treated wood.


Farm plan update notes
The farm plan application. The farm plan application is the organic system plan for your land and
crops, including pasture and range. If you provide range and pasture, or grow other feed crops for
your organic livestock, you need to submit a farm plan. Note that a few certifiers combine the farm
plan and the livestock plan into a single application document.
Almost all organic livestock producers are required to file an organic farm or crop plan in addition
to a livestock plan. Among the few possible exceptions are the producers of non-ruminant livestock
who purchase all of their feed and provide no form of pasture. In such instances, a farm plan may
still be required to address outdoor access areas.
What does a full farm plan application look like? Examples of complete farm plan applications
are illustrated in ATTRA’s Organic System Plans: Field and Row Crops and Pasture and Range Systems
and Organic System Plans: Market Farms and Greenhouses.
When can update forms (like the one in this example) be used? Once you have a full organic
farm system plan on file with your certifier, a shorter form might be provided for subsequent
updates. This is a common practice, though it is entirely the choice of the certifier.
Additional documents. A completed update will also include a revised field history form, showing
the current or upcoming crop year. It will also include a copy of the farm map, if there are changes
to note. Recent soil and water tests are often attached, when appropriate, as are copies of other doc-
uments that address prior or adjacent land use. For good examples of these see ATTRA’s Organic
System Plans: Field and Row Crops and Pasture and Range Systems and Forms, Documents, and Sample
Letters for Organic Producers. George and Helen have included their most recent soil audit and a let-
ter from their neighbor confirming that his property is managed organically.
Minor noncompliances. If you have been certified in the previous year, your certification may
have been granted on the condition that you correct one or more minor noncompliances. You
should already have corrected these and informed the certifier. However, many certifiers want this
information repeated on the update application. Take particular note of the second noncompli-
ance on the Smith application. It involves the improper use of treated wood. Once an operation
has been certified, treated wood may not be used for new installations or repairs where it might
cause contamination of soil, crops or livestock [§205.206(f)]. See ATTRA’s Organic Alternatives To
Treated Lumber for other options.


SECTION 3: Organic plan update NOP Rule 205.406(a)(1)
A. CURRENT CROP PLANS
Please complete the following table for all current year’s crops or products requested for certification.
CROPS REQUESTED FOR CERTIFICATION FIELD NUMBERS TOTAL ACRES/HECTARES PROJECTED YIELDS

Pasture & hay A-1, A-3, A-4, A-5 185 a. 700 tons. All production either
to be grazed or harvested for
hay for on-farm use.
Oats A-1 50 a. 4900 bu.
Corn A-2 42 5900 bu.

B. ORGANIC FARM PLAN CHANGES
What year did you last submit a complete Organic Farm Plan Questionnaire? 2001
Have you reviewed your Organic Farm Plan Questionnaire?  yes  no Date of review: January 2006

Check the following categories where changes have been made in your Organic Farm Plan and summarize all changes made or
planned to be made. Attach additional sheets if necessary.  No changes
FARM PLAN TOPIC SUMMARY STATEMENT OF CHANGES

 General information Note new e-mail address.

 Newly purchased or rented fields*
 Farm maps
 Seeds and seed treatments
 Seedlings and perennial stock
 Soil fertility management
 Compost or manure use
 Conservation practices
 Water quality and use Have completed 4 fenced water crossings to better protect stream and riparian areas.

 Crop rotation
 Weed management plan Will begin using flame weeding on corn fields.

 Pest management plan
 Disease management plan
 Adjoining land use and buffers
 Split or parallel operation
 Equipment Bought used flame weeder.

 Harvest plan
 Postharvest handling
 Crop storage
 Crop transportation
 Recordkeeping system
 Type of marketing/product labels
* If you have newly purchased land or have rented land this year that is being requested for certification, attach a
signed statement from the previous owner (if purchased) or current owner (if renting) attesting to previous three-year
history and inputs applied.


C. INPUTS
List all seeds used or planned for use in the current crop season. Check the appropriate boxes and provide other information as
needed. Attach additional sheets if necessary. Have all labels and receipts available for the inspector.
Organic Untreated Treated GMO Type/Brand of Treatment Describe your attempts to use
Seed/Variety/Brand
() () () () Fungicide Inoculant organic/untreated seed
Tug of War Alfalfa √ √
Alice White Clover √ √ Checked 3 sources
Timothy √
Puna Chicory √
Niva Orchardgrass √
Buff Hulless Oats √
NC+ 68F32 Corn √
NC+ 72H54 Corn √
List all fertility inputs, soil mix ingredients, pest and disease control products, water additives or other inputs used or intended for
use in the current season on proposed organic and transitional ﬁelds. Use additional sheets if necessary. All inputs used during
the current year must be listed on your Field History Sheet.
Have all labels and receipts available for the inspector.  No inputs used
STATUS: APPROVED (A)
BRAND NAME OR IF RESTRICTED, DESCRIBE COMPLIANCE WITH CHECK IF GMO
PRODUCT RESTRICTED (R)
SOURCE NOP RULE ANNOTATION ()
PROHIBITED (P)

Aglime Pangaea Lime- A
stone Quarry
Alfalfa inoculant Nitragin Gold- A
Alfalfa
Clover inoculant Nitragin Gold- A
Clover
Livestock manure On-farm R Applied only to non-food crops.
generated


D. MONITORING PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES Ongoing monitoring is required by the NOP Rule Section 205.201(a)(3).

Fertility Management Program
Rate the effectiveness of your fertility management program:  excellent  satisfactory  needs improvement
Describe any changes you have made or intend to make based on the results of your monitoring program.
Continue to soil test and lime as needed.

Natural Resource Management
Rate the effectiveness of your soil conservation program:  excellent  satisfactory  needs improvement
None.
Rate the effectiveness of your water quality program:  excellent  satisfactory  needs improvement
Except for graveled stream crossings, livestock are fenced out of the stream and the riparian areas.

Note: Our 3-year biodiversity plan, begun last year and on file with our application, is still in effect. No changes.
Weed, Pest and Disease Management
Rate the effectiveness of your weed management program:  excellent  satisfactory  needs improvement
In-row weed control in corn is still a problem. Will begin using flame weeding in 2006.

Rate the effectiveness of your pest management program:  excellent  satisfactory  needs improvement
None.
Rate the effectiveness of your disease management program:  excellent  satisfactory  needs improvement
None.
Other Monitoring: Indicate if you conduct monitoring in the following areas:
Maintenance of Organic Integrity
 yes  no Adjoining land uses, buffers, notification letters, posting signs
 yes  no Input equipment cleaning (sprayers, planters, etc.) All equipment is dedicated organic.
 yes  no Harvest equipment cleaning All equipment is dedicated organic.
 yes  no Crop testing for contaminants (prohibited materials, GMOs)
 yes  no Postharvest handling
 yes  no Crop storage cleaning
 yes  no Transportation of organic crops All crops used on-farm.
Recordkeeping
 yes  no Compost production records No compost production.
 yes  no Labor records
 yes  no Appropriate Organic Certificates or Transaction Certificates to verify purchase of organic products
 yes  no Complaint log


Section 4: Annual Summary of Organic Crop Yield and Sales NOP Section 205.103
The following organic crops/products have been sold from (date) to (date). Not applicable*
AMOUNT LEFT TO REMAINING CROP
CROPS/PRODUCTS # OF ACRES ACTUAL YIELD AMOUNT SOLD
SELL STORAGE ID #

Expand table or attach additional sheets as necessary. * All crops used on-farm as livestock feed.

Section 5: Affirmation
I affirm that all statements made in this application are true and correct. No prohibited products have been applied to any of my
organically managed fields during the three-year period prior to projected harvest. I understand that the operation may be subject
to unannounced inspection and/or sampling for residues at any time as deemed appropriate to ensure compliance with the NOP
Rule. I understand that acceptance of this questionnaire in no way implies granting of certification by the certifying agent. I agree
to follow the NOP Rule.
Signature of Operator George Smith Date 2/12/06
I have attached the following documents:
 Updated maps of all parcels/fields (showing adjoining land use and field identification)
 Field history sheets for current crops
 Documentation for fields owned or rented for less than three years, if applicable
 Water test, if applicable
 Soil and/or plant tissue tests, if applicable
 Residue analyses, if applicable
 Input product labels, if applicable
 Organic product labels, if applicable

 I have made copies of this questionnaire and other supporting documents for my own records.

Submit completed form, fees, and supporting documents to:
PO Box 28
Shelby, PA 17001


FIELD HISTORY SHEET

Page 12
Code: O = Organic; T = In transition/conversion to organic; C = Conventional Producer name: George and Helen Smith

Code Field Acres/ Year 2006 Year 2005 Year 2004 Year 2003
No. ha. Crop Inputs Crop Inputs Crop Inputs Crop Inputs
O A-1 50 a. Oats/pasture Legume Corn Pasture Pasture
inoculants
Aglime
Manure
O A-2 42 a. Corn Pasture Aglime Pasture Pasture
O A-3 45 a. Pasture Pasture Aglime Pasture Oats/pasture Legume
inoculants
Manure
O A-4 45 a. Pasture Pasture Aglime Oats/pasture Legume Corn
inoculants
Manure
O A-5 44 a. Pasture Aglime Oats/pasture Legume Corn M-Pede Pasture
inoculants
Manure

Organic System Plans: Livestock Production

Field history notes
Field history records that cover the three previous years are required. Field history forms are
intended to demonstrate your compliance with: §205.202(3), which states that no prohibited sub-
stances may be applied in the three years prior to harvest of an organic crop, and §205.205, which
requires a soil-building crop rotation.
Conventional production? In a split operation, where organic and conventional production are
adjoining or close, and where equipment and storage are dual use, it is necessary to provide field his-
tories for conventional fields as well.
Record all crops and cover crops. Be certain to indicate cover crop and double crops. When more
than one crop is grown in a season, it can be shown using a slash (/) between the names of the crops.
For example, George and Helen use this to method to show that an oats nurse crop is used to help
establish their pastures (for example, oats/pasture).
Record ALL inputs used. All input materials used in crop production must be recorded. Among
those that are often overlooked but need to be written down are seed coatings, seed treatments, inoc-
ulants, spray tank adjuvants and surfactants and foam markers. Remember to include treatments
and inoculants that might be used on cover crop seeds.
Field names or numbers. It is important that field names or numbers be fully consistent with those
used on the field maps and elsewhere throughout the application.


Maple Knoll Farm Prevailing winds
in summer

Page 14
N Lupine Acres Farm George & Helen Smith
conventional Lupine Acres Farm
Shelby, PA conventional

Linden Tree Lane

A-1 A-2
50 acres 42 acres

Buffers

Fenced stream
crossings Buffers
Sandpiper Road

A-5 A-4 A-3
44 acres 45 acres 45 acres

conventional
Lupine Acres Farm
Cooper Organic Farms

Homestead
& facilities

Direction of Cooper Organic Farms
Managed riparian
creek flow zone boundaries
Rabbit Creek
streambed = Tree-lined permanent fences

Map #1—Farm Map


Map notes
Are field maps required? There is no provision in the Organic Regulations specifically requiring
field maps. However, maps are the chief means for demonstrating that you meet the requirement of
§205.202(c), stating that organic fields must have “distinct, defined boundaries and buffer zones…”
Furthermore, maps are customary and most certifiers will expect you to provide one.
Essential features of a good field map include:
 Field locations with numbers or names, and the acreage
 Locations of roads and utility rights-of-way
 Hydrological features such as ponds, streams and wells
 Other natural features, such as woodlands and wetlands
 Locations of buildings and other structures
 Adjoining land use
 Orientation, such as an arrow indicating compass directions
 Prevailing wind direction during growing season
 Locations of field buffers. Buffers are strips of land that separate organic fields from conventional
fields or other sources of contamination. No prohibited substances may be used in a buffer zone,
however, any crops grown in the buffer may not be sold as organic.
Field names or numbers. Choose names or a numbering system that are clear and not confusing
either to you, your farm staff or the certifier. A combination of a letter with a number, as George
and Helen have done, is recommended. It is important that field names or numbers be fully consis-
tent with those used on the field history sheets and elsewhere throughout the application.
Is a separate facility map necessary? When a farm operation becomes complex, with various live-
stock enterprises, on-farm processing, crop storage and more, it is customary to provide facility maps.
Your certifiers will appreciate your foresight in providing one. This will be especially true if you have
a split operation (one that produces both organic and conventional products). Important features to
note on this facility map are the locations of feed storage areas, processing areas, buildings and ani-
mal handling areas.
Keep it simple. Maps must be sufficiently accurate to reflect the circumstances on the ground.
They do not need to be elaborate. In fact, artistry and extraneous details can be confusing and are
discouraged. While the Maple Knoll Farm maps are computer-aided drawings, free-hand drawing is
acceptable as long as it is clear. It is also common for applicants to use Farm Service Agency (FSA)
aerial photos, with details added using a pen or pencil.


Maple Knoll Farm Prevailing winds

Page 16
N George & Helen Smith in summer
Shelby, PA

Egg Wellhead
room ¤

Incubation
B-1 B-2
area Garden

Calf
hutches
Clarence
Shade Old barn Cooper
tree M-1 (2nd/3rd floors) Organic Farm
line
Field Fenced
Lambing
lot #4 area
A-3
House

Organic 25 ft. Buffer
production Milking
Sheep
area parlor & tank

Fenced
lot #3
Loafing
shed
shed
Machine

Fenced
Fenced lot #1
lot #2
Sandpiper Road

Map #2—Facility Map


Benchmark Ag. Analysis Service
111 4th. Ave, Laurel, PA 17100 (570) 333-1001 Date printed: June 26, 2005

www.attra.ncat.org
Client:
George Smith
Maple Knoll Farm
423 Sandpiper Road
Shelby, PA 17001

A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5
Organic matter 4.80% 4.50% 4.60% 4.40% 4.60%
Soil pH 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.1
Bray-1 Phosphorus 38 ppm 42 ppm 40 ppm 42 ppm 42 ppm
Potassium 185 ppm 201 ppm 198 ppm 197 ppm 200 ppm
Calcium
Magnesium
Sulfur
Boron
Copper
Iron
Manganese
Zinc
Sodium

Page 17

Cooper Organic Farms
423 Sandpiper Rd.
Shelby, PA 17001
January 14, 2006

To Whom It May Concern:
I am writing to confirm that all of my farm acreage, adjacent to Maple Knoll Farm to the South and
the East, is certified organic by Acme Organic Certifiers. This land is not, and has not been, treated
with prohibited materials for the past 15 years.
Sincerely,
Clarence Cooper
Clarence Cooper
570-222-1002


LIVESTOCK FORM SECTION


Organic Livestock Application Form
Please fill out this questionnaire if you are requesting organic livestock certification. Use additional sheets if necessary.
Sign this form. You must also complete and submit an Organic Farm Plan, unless waived by Lehigh Valley Organic Certifiers.
An update form, available from Lehigh Valley Organic Certifiers, may be used to update certification.

Section 1: General Information NOP Rule 205.401
Name Farm Name Type of Operation
George & Helen Smith Maple Knoll Farm Dairy, dairy beef, wool, lamb, eggs, chicken
Address City Date For Office Use Only
423 Sandpiper Rd. Shelby 3/3/06
Date received
State/Province Zip code Country Date reviewed
PA 17001 U.S.A. Reviewer initials
Phone 570-222-1001 Fax 570-222-1001 Fees received
Email smith@diversifiedfarm.net Inspector

Legal status:   Trust or nonprofit  Corporation  Cooperative
Sole proprietorship
 Legal partnership (federal form 1065)  Other (specify)
Year first certified List previous organic List current organic certification by other agencies
1991 certification by other agencies None
1991-2000, Penn State
Organic Certifiers

Is your farm operation
 100 percent organic  a split operation (both organic and conventional production)
Indicate livestock enterprises requested for certification.
 dairy  goats  hogs
 beef  poultry  sheep
 other  other
If you have a split operation, list those enterprises that are conventional
Not applicable

Indicate livestock products requested for certification.
 milk  processed milk products  eggs
 meat products  live animals for slaughter  wool/hair
 breeder stock and/or replacement dairy animals  hides
 other  other
If you have a split operation, list those products that are conventional
Not applicable

Have you ever been denied If yes, describe the circumstances: N/A
certification?
 Yes  No

Has your certification ever been revoked or suspended?  Yes  No
If yes, please explain.


Section 1 notes
Certification history. You must disclose your previous history of organic certification, including
any minor noncompliances, denials, suspensions or revocations. Such information is specifically
required in the Regulations under §205.401(c). Divulging this information should not adversely
affect your current application if you are currently in compliance with the National Organic Regula-
tions. Concealing such information might be grounds for denial or decertification when discovered.
Split operations. A split operation is defined as an operation that produces or handles both organic
and nonorganic agricultural products [§205.2]. The presence of nonorganic breeding animals, pet
animals, or livestock made conventional through treatment with prohibited medications does not
automatically make a farm a split operation. If you have, or expect to have, conventional livestock in
your operation, check with your certifier to determine whether your farm is considered a split opera-
tion or not.


Do you have a copy of the current USDA organic standards?  Yes  No
Do you have copies of all other standards (IFOAM, JAS, etc.) for which you are seeking certification?  Yes  No
 Not applicable
Do you intend to certify any crops, cropland or pasture acreage this year?  Yes  No
If yes, have you also completed a basic Organic Farm Plan questionnaire?  Yes  No
 Not applicable
Please note that you must have an Organic Farm Plan Questionnaire on file to certify any land or crops including
pasture. Contact Lehigh Valley Organic Certifiers to obtain an Organic Farm Plan Questionnaire.

Is any off-farm or on-farm processing done? (slaughtering, packaging, bottling, etc.)  Yes  No
If yes, have you filled out an Organic Handling Plan Questionnaire?  Yes  No
 Not applicable
Please note that you must have an Organic Handling Plan Questionnaire on file to certify the processing/handling
portion of your operation. Contact Lehigh Valley Organic Certifiers if you have questions or to obtain an Organic
Handling Plan Questionnaire.
Give directions to your farm for the inspector.
Our farmstead is on the west side of Sandpiper Rd., ¾ mile north of the junction with Co. Rd. 12 in Shelby. Sign is attached
to mailbox.

When are you available to contact?  Morning  Afternoon  Evening
When are you available for the inspection?  Morning  Afternoon  Evening
Section 2: Prior noncompliances NOP Rule 205.406(a)(3)

Did you have any noncompliances from last year’s certification?  Yes  No  Not applicable
If yes, please complete the following table, listing each noncompliance.

NONCOMPLIANCE DESCRIBE HOW YOU ADDRESSED THE NONCOMPLIANCE

Noncompliance issues all related to crop production. Details provided in the attached Farm Plan update.

Attach additional sheet if needed


Section 1 notes (continued)
Different kinds of certification. Sometimes certifiers offer further certification services in addi-
tion to the USDA’s NOP. For example, they might also be accredited to certify operations to the
Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) or European Union (EU) standards. If so, this will probably
be indicated on the first page. If so, discuss your needs with the certifier to determine whether you
would benefit from additional certification and what the additional costs and requirements would be.
Organic Farm Plan Questionnaire. See the earlier section titled Farm plan update notes for
details.
On-farm processing or handling. The NOP Regulations define handling as “sell(ing), process(ing)
or package(ing) agricultural products.” However, this does not include selling, transporting or deliv-
ering crops or livestock by the producer to a processor or handler [§205.2]. In our example, the
Smith family candles, grades, labels and packages their eggs for sale. Even though their operation is
small, they must submit a handling system plan. A copy of their completed plan and application is
included in this publication.
If you are uncertain whether you need to submit a handling plan, discuss your circumstances with
your certifier.
Directions to your farm. Be clear and precise. Inspectors may add lost time and extra mileage to
the cost of the inspection.

Section 2 notes
Prior noncompliances. If you were certified in the previous year, you may have received a letter
from your certifier stating that your certification was conditional, that it depended on your correct-
ing certain violations of the NOP Regulations. If that is your situation, simply provide the infor-
mation requested, being certain you list all the cited noncompliances and what you did to address
them. In our example, George and Helen provided this information on the Farm Plan Update form.
It is OK to refer the certifier to another part of your application package, as long as all the necessary
information is provided.
If you did not have any noncompliances in the previous year, or if this is your first application for
certification, check the Not applicable box.


Section 3: Livestock Inventory Descriptions NOP Rule 205.236

Provide the following information for the types and numbers of animals being raised for production for this year.

TYPE ORGANIC TRANSITIONAL CONVENTIONAL

Dairy cattle 61 0 2
Dairy goats 0 0 0
Dairy sheep 0 0 0
Beef cattle 0 0 0
Meat goats 0 0 0
Meat/wool sheep 91 0 5
Hogs 0 0 0
Chickens 263 0 5
Turkeys 0 0 0
(other) 0 0 0
(other) 0 0 0
(other) 0 0 0
(other) 0 0 0
Section 4: Origin of Organic Livestock NOP Rule 205.236

A. SOURCE OF MAMMALIAN LIVESTOCK  Not applicable
Livestock products that are to be sold or represented as organic must be from livestock under continuous organic management
from the last third of gestation. Except:
● Milk or milk products must be from animals that have been under continuous organic
management for at least 1 year prior to production.
● Nonorganic breeder stock may be brought onto an organic operation at any time. However,
if offspring from that stock are to be raised as organic, the breeder stock must be brought
onto the operation prior to the last third of gestation.

Do you raise organic slaughter animals on-farm?  Yes  No  Not applicable
Do you raise organic dairy replacement animals on-farm?  Yes  No  Not applicable
Do you raise organic ﬁber producing animals on-farm?  Yes  No  Not applicable


Section 3 notes
Livestock inventory. The certifier wants you to provide a reasonably accurate inventory of your
livestock at the time that your system plan is completed and submitted. It is understood that these
numbers will likely change between the time of submission and the arrival of an inspector several
weeks or months later. One of the many things an inspector will do is to update the inventory as
part of his/her report to the certifier.
For more information about organic inspections, see ATTRA’s Preparing for an Organic Inspection:
Steps and Checklists.

Section 4 notes
Origin of livestock. How long must an animal be managed organically before it can be slaughtered
and sold as organic meat? How long before it can produce organic milk or organic wool? An entire
section of the Regulation—§205.236—addresses these questions. The answers vary considerably,
depending on the species involved and other factors. For details that sort through this issue, see sec-
tion XXIII of NCAT’s Organic Livestock Workbook.
Whole farm conversion. When an entire dairy farm and its herd are converted to organic produc-
tion, the herd may be fed transitional feed from that farm in the third year of transition, allowing the
sale of organic milk immediately, once the farm is certified.
On-farm versus off-farm. Mammalian livestock must be under organic management from the
last third of gestation to be organic slaughter stock. Organic milk may only come from animals
that have been managed organically for at least 12 months. Therefore, it is very important to know
and document the history of all your animals. The challenge increases with the importation of
stock from off the farm. If you purchase organic dairy, slaughter or breeder stock, be sure to obtain
organic certificates from the sellers and keep them in your files.


If you purchase any livestock, supply specific information:  Not applicable
TYPE OF IDENTIFICATION DATE OF PROJECTED OR ACTUAL PURCHASE ORGANIC (O) CERTIFICATION
LIVESTOCK NO./NAME PURCHASE BIRTHING DATE SOURCE CONV. (C) AGENCY?

Devon B12 12/3/05 Not applicable Devon Hills C Not applicable
Bull Farm
Pacer, VT
Jacob R033 11/15/05 Not applicable Jacob’s C Not applicable
Ram Ladder Farm
Lowell, MD

attach additional sheet if needed

If you are a dairy operation, what is your current plan for replacement stock?  Not applicable
 purchase organic dairy animals % of total replacements
 purchase conventional stock and transition them to organic % of total replacements
 raise own organic replacements % of total replacements 100%
 other (please explain) % of total replacements

B. SOURCE OF POULTRY  Not applicable
Poultry or poultry products must be from poultry that have been under continuous organic management beginning no later than
the second day of life.
Do you hatch your own poultry on-farm?  Yes  No
If you purchase your young poultry, supply specific information:  Not applicable
PROJECTED
TYPE OF FLOCK DATE OF AGE AT
SLAUGHTER OR EGG SOURCE
POULTRY NUMBER PURCHASE PURCHASE
PRODUCTION DATE


Describe your management plan for raising chicks:  Not applicable
What is the type and size of housing used? Isolate small corner of the main barn.

What is the approximate square footage per 100 chicks? 16 sq. ft.

What bedding material is used? On-farm, organic oat straw. Straw is fine-ground for use with chicks.

What heating source is employed? Electric heat lamps.

Additional relevant details: We have our own incubator.


Breeding stock. Breeding animals may be brought onto an organic farm at any stage. However,
these animals must be tracked and managed organically thereafter. They cannot be sold or slaugh-
tered as organic. Note that George and Helen have purchased two such breeding animals in 2005.
Replacement dairy stock. Be very clear about your plans for replacing dairy animals. Certifiers
will pay particular attention to this. The NOP has made it clear that calves born on organic farms
must be raised organically from then on if they are to be put into organic production. They may
NOT be treated with antibiotics or otherwise raised conventionally and then transitioned back to
organic status later on.
Source of poultry. “Poultry or poultry products must be from poultry that have been under con-
tinuous organic management beginning no later than the second day of life” [§205.236(a)(1)]. Since
most farmers obtain their birds as day-old chicks, there are fewer issues surrounding the origin of
poultry going into organic production. In fact, it is quite unusual for producers to do as Maple
Knoll Farm does by raising its own chicks. George and Helen do it because they are raising a some-
what rare breed and sell organic breeding stock.
Purchasing organic stock. If you are purchasing organic livestock, be certain to retain all docu-
mentation that proves the animal is organic. This includes the organic certificates mentioned earlier.
It will be necessary to show such documentation to your inspector.
Bedding. If livestock are inclined to consume any bedding materials, the bedding must be organi-
cally produced and must be provided where appropriate. This is not a problem on the Smith farm, as
they have an abundance of oat straw. Note that they grind the straw for use with chicks. This is not
an organic issue but a practical production detail. Ground straw is considered less slippery—reducing
the chances that chicks will injure themselves before their legs become strong.


Section 5: Livestock Feed and Feed Supplements NOP Rule 205.237
Organic livestock producers must provide livestock with a total feed ration that is organically produced and handled, including
pasture and forage. Nonsynthetic materials from any source and synthetic materials included on the National List may be used
as feed additives and supplements. Plastic pellets and feed formulas with urea, manure or slaughter by-products are not allowed.
Feed supplements or additives in amounts above those needed for adequate nutrition and health maintenance are not allowed.
Save all purchased feed, feed supplement and feed additive labels and receipts for the inspector.

A. FEED
Feed ration table
STATUS
LIVESTOCK TYPE
FEED OR RATION TYPE (HAY, ORGANIC (O)
(SLAUGHTER, REPLACEMENT INGREDIENTS
SILAGE, GRAIN MIX, ETC.) TRANSITIONAL (T)
DAIRY, YOUNG STOCK)
CONVENTIONAL (C)

All dairy stock Baled hay O Mixed legume, grass & forbs
All sheep (same as pasture)

Dry cows, steers, Grain mix O Corn, oats, mineral mix, kelp, salt
bulls, young stock
Milkers Grain mix O Corn, oats, Azomite, kelp, salt

All sheep Grain mix O Corn, oats, Azomite, kelp, salt

Chicks Total feed ration O Corn, soy meal, Ca. carbonate,
(purchased) Di-calcium phosphate, vitamin pre-mix,
salt, kelp

Laying hens Total feed ration O Corn, soy meal, wheat, Ca. carbonate,
(purchased) Di-calcium phosphate, vitamin pre-mix,
salt, kelp

All poultry Scratch O Corn



Section 5 notes
Feed ration table. The main reason the certifier wants the information in this table is to ensure that
livestock are being provided with 100 percent organic feed and allowed supplements and additives as
directed in §205.237(a) of the Regulations.
There are a few exceptions. Livestock in the operation that are not organic, or not in transition to
organic milk production, can be fed nonorganic feed. Also, if you operate a dairy and the entire
operation is being transitioned to organic, there are certain allowances for farm-raised transitional
feed in the third and final year of conversion. This allows the farm to produce organic milk immedi-
ately after the land becomes certified, rather than waiting an additional year for the animals to con-
sume certified organic feed.
If you are converting an entire dairy herd and will be grazing and feeding transitional crops, be cer-
tain to discuss this in advance with your certifier to determine your options and ensure that you
remain compliant.
Providing adequate nutrition. The feed ration table also helps the certifier assess whether you are
providing adequate and appropriate feed for your stock. The Regulations require that organic pro-
ducers provide their livestock with feed rations sufficient to meet their nutritional requirements
“including vitamins, minerals, protein and/or amino acids, fatty acids, energy sources and fiber”
[§205.238(a)(2)]. A discerning certifier might question whether the farmers in our example are
providing enough protein in their dairy ration, since most such mixes include soybean meal. If chal-
lenged by the inspector, George and Helen are prepared to explain that Devon cattle do not have as
high a requirement for protein as a specialized dairy breed like Holsteins.


Do you raise any feed on your farm?  Yes  No
If yes, please list
Pasture & hay, corn, oats.

Describe purchased feed:  Not applicable
(Enter purchased supplements and additives in section B.)
TYPE SOURCES CERTIFIED BY

Chick feed, total ration “Organic Chick” Mid-Atlantic
Bob’s Organics Organic Certifiers
Sunrise, NJ
Hen feed, total ration “Organic Hen” Mid-Atlantic
Bob’s Organics Organic Certifiers
Sunrise, NJ

How do you verify that the feed ration is sufficient to meet nutritional requirements?
Feeding regimen was evaluated by Penn State area livestock specialist.

What is your plan for sourcing organic feed if you have a shortage?
The region has a lot of organic producers. Will try to buy local first.

B. FEED SUPPLEMENTS AND ADDITIVES  Not applicable
Trace minerals, including copper sulfate and magnesium sulfate, electrolytes and FDA-approved vitamins are allowed feed addi-
tives. Nonmilk products or products from BST-treated animals are not allowed. Products produced through genetic engineering
(GE) or with the use of irradiation or sewage sludge are not allowed.

List all feed supplements and additives.
FEED SUPPLEMENT
SOURCE SYNTHETIC (Y/N) REASON FOR USE
OR ADDITIVE

Kelp Thorvin N Mineral
(Thorvin Kelp for supplementation
Animals)

Natural minerals Peak Minerals N Mineral
(Azomite) supplementation

Natural Trace Redmond N Salt
Mineral Salt Minerals, Inc supplementation


Do you use conventional supplemental milk replacers?  Yes  No
(Note: Conventional milk replacers without antibiotics were allowed for emergency use only until
October 21, 2007, and are now prohibited.)

If yes, how do you know they do not contain antibiotics and are not made with milk from rBST-treated animals?
Not applicable.


Sources for organic feed. Feed for certified organic animals must be produced on CERTIFIED
organic farms and, if processed, must also be handled by certified handlers. Therefore, any pur-
chased organic feed will come from a certified source and will feature labels or other information
that tell you who the certifier is. By extension, you may NOT use feed from, or pastures on, organic
farms that are exempt from certification. Exempt farms are those that sell less than $5,000 of
organic products annually.
Emergency feed plan. Certifiers want you to have a plan in the face of a shortage of organic feed.
Organic feed is usually more expensive than conventional feed, and would likely be much more so
if a feed shortage occurred region-wide. It is a sound idea to have an emergency plan. If your plan
includes the use of conventional feed, understand that any stock fed conventional feed would lose
certified status and could NOT be sold as organic.
Feed supplements and additives. A feed supplement is specifically defined as “a combination of
feed nutrients added to livestock feed to improve the nutrient balance or performance of the total
ration and intended to be: 1) Diluted with other feeds when fed to livestock; 2) Offered free choice
with other parts of the ration if separately available; or 3) Further diluted and mixed to produce a
complete feed.”[§205.2]
A feed additive is defined as “a substance added to feed in micro quantities to fulfill a specific nutri-
tional need; i.e., essential nutrients in the form of amino acids, vitamins and minerals.” [§205.2]
Synthetic methionine (DL-Methionine) could only be used as a feed additive for organic poultry
until Oct. 1, 2008 [§205.603(d)(1)].
Note that the supplements and additives you list in this table should also be listed in the “Ingredi-
ents” (far right) column of the Feed Ration Table.
Conventional milk replacers. Milk replacers are considered feed supplements. Conventional milk
replacers were allowed only in emergency circumstances until Oct. 21, 2007. If used, the conven-
tional milk replacer may not contain antibiotics or non-milk products. It may not be derived from
livestock treated with rBST. [§205.603(c)]
For more information. See Section XV of NCAT’s Organic Livestock Workbook for more informa-
tion on organic livestock feed, supplements and additives.


C. FEED STORAGE
Describe your feed storage areas:  Not applicable
ORGANIC (O)
STORAGE ID TYPE OF FEED TYPE OF
CAPACITY TRANSITIONAL (T)
NUMBER STORED STORAGE
CONVENTIONAL (C)

M-1 Baled hay Barn mow 175 T. O

B-1 Oats Metal bin 10,000 bu. O

B-2 Corn Metal bin 10,000 bu O


How do you prevent or control rodents in organic feed storage areas?
 traps  glue boards  sanitation  cats  other (please explain)

D. ON-FARM AND CUSTOM FEED PROCESSING
Do you process your own feed (mix, grind, roast, extrude, etc.)?  Yes  No
Please note: If you process organic feed for other producers or handlers, you must submit an Organic Handling Plan and become
certiﬁed as an Organic Handler.

If yes, is the equipment also used for nonorganic products?  Yes  No
If yes, how is equipment cleaned prior to processing organic feed to prevent commingling of organic
and nonorganic? Not applicable.
 swept out  compressed air  vacuumed  purged  other (please explain)

If purged, do you maintain records of dates, product and purged amounts?  Yes  No
Not applicable.
Is any of your feed custom processed?  Yes  No
If yes, is the operator certiﬁed organic? Not applicable.  Yes  No
If yes, provide the name and contact information of the processor. Not applicable.


Feed storage. Feed storage areas should be clearly designated on your farm. If you also store non-
organic feed, it is particularly important that these areas be numbered and shown on your facility
map. Be certain that the numbers, names or other designations you use on the map are consistent
with those you show in this table. Useful details on feed storage can be found in section XXIV of
NCAT’s Organic Livestock Workbook.
Feed processing. IMPORTANT: If organic feed is processed by anyone who is not a certified
handler, or if organic feed is processed using equipment that also processes conventional feed and
there are no records of proper cleanouts, the feed LOSES its organic status. For a good overview of
options and details you need to address when processing feed, see section XXV of NCAT’s Organic
Livestock Workbook.


Section 6: Water NOP Rule 205.201, .239
Livestock must have ready access to clean drinking water.

What are your sources of water for livestock use?
 on-site well  municipal  river/creek/pond  spring  other (specify):

Are there immediate contamination threats to your water source(s), e.g., pesticide
or fertilizer runoff, industrial pollution, etc.?  Yes  No
If yes, please describe the threat and the steps you are taking to mitigate the threat.
Not applicable.

What is the date of your last water test for coliform bacteria and nitrates? June 26, 2005
(Attach copy if available) See attached.

If you use additives in the water, list them and state reason for use:  No additives used

If livestock have access to a river, creek or pond, how do you prevent bank erosion and degradation
of water quality?  No access
Livestock access is restricted by fencing to graveled stream crossings.

Section 7: Living Conditions NOP Rule 205.201, .206(f), .239
Organic livestock operations must be based on systems that maximize health of animals and allow for their natural behavior. Ani-
mal environments must include access to shade; shelter; fresh air; the outdoors; exercise areas; direct sunlight suitable to the
species, production stage and climate; clean and dry bedding as appropriate to the system; and facility design which is safe and
allows for natural behavior. Manure must be managed such that nutrient recycling is optimized and soil and water degradation are
minimized.

Describe housing used: All facilities and outdoor livestock areas should be indicated on attached maps.

TYPE OF HOUSING & TYPE OF LIVESTOCK NUMBER OF
SIZE
MAP DESIGNATION HOUSED ANIMALS HOUSED

Old barn 10,000 sq. ft. lambing sheep 40
young chicks 50

Loaﬁng shed 8,000 sq. ft. cows 45
sheep 90

11 calf hutches 40 sq. ft. dairy calves up to 11 at a time
each
5 portable egg mobiles 96 sq. ft. chickens 35-45 each
(In A-3 in summer each
2006; in Fenced Lot
#4 in winter)



Section 6 notes
Water tests. Your certifier may or may not insist on annual water tests for livestock production. The
nature of your operation and how water is used will affect this. Dairy operations and those in which
water is used for any sort of on-farm processing are almost certain to require testing.

Section 7 notes
Stock density. Be honest about the number of stock that utilize the different buildings and shelters
on your farm. The NOP Regulations do not provide hard-and-fast limits on the number of animals
that may occupy given amounts of space. Judgment on suitability is in the hands of your certifier, is
largely subjective, and is based on observations of whether the whole system allows livestock to exer-
cise their natural behavior.


Is bedding used?  Yes  No
If yes, is this bedding typically consumed by the livestock?  Yes  No
If so, do you have veriﬁcation that bedding is organic?  Yes  No  Not applicable
How often is housing cleaned out? Daily when in constant use.

Describe sanitation or cleaning products used:  No sanitation products used

Are any fumigants or prohibited pest control agents used in the facility?  Yes  No
If yes, what steps do you take to prevent contamination of feed and livestock?
Not applicable

What source(s) of light is/are used in animal housing? Natural and incandescent.

Is day length regulated using artiﬁcial light?  Yes  No
If yes, please describe: Not applicable.

What outdoor areas other than pasture do animals use? Fenced lots around barn.

How long are animals indoors (hours per day)? 8 spring 8 summer 8 fall 24 winter (chickens)
0 spring 0 summer 0 fall 0 winter (sheep) 1 spring 1 summer 1 fall 1 winter (milk cows)

If livestock are routinely denied outdoor access, please describe the circumstances and/or stages
of production involved:  Not applicable

Describe locations of any treated (with prohibited materials) lumber that may come into contact with livestock:
None. See section on minor noncompliances.


Facility pest management. The NOP Regulations are written in a way that requires you to take a
multi-level hierarchical approach to dealing with structural pests. Your strategy should begin with
sanitation and prevention; rely secondarily on traps and other physical controls; and finally, on natu-
ral and allowed synthetic pesticides. Should these three levels of control be inadequate, you might be
allowed to use a prohibited synthetic pesticide or fumigant, but only with advance approval by your
certifier and with a clear understanding of how you will prevent contamination of organic livestock
and feed. [§205.271(d)]
In addition, should you be required to use a prohibited pesticide in a facility by federal, state or local
authorities, this is permitted as long as you take measures to ensure that contamination of organic
livestock, feed or other products is prevented. [§205.271(f)]
For more details see Text Box 16B in section XVI of NCAT’s Organic Livestock Workbook.
Outdoor access. Outdoor access must be provided to all livestock. [§205.239(a)(1)] Temporary
confinement may only be used to deal with inclement weather, to protect the health and safety of
the animal, to prevent damage to pasture or other resources or because a specific stage of production
requires it. [§205.239(b)] Certifiers vary in their interpretations of which stage(s) of production jus-
tify confinement. If you plan routine use of temporary confinement, be very clear in explaining why
you are doing so and how long the stock will be confined.
Treated wood. When an operation is converting to organic production for the first time, certifiers
generally overlook any previous use of treated wood, unless it constitutes a clear hazard. Once you
are certified, however, you may not use treated wood for new or replacement purposes in any loca-
tion or circumstance where it might contact or contaminate organic livestock, their feed or organic
crops, including pasture. [§205.206(f)] Note that this was among the minor noncompliances George
and Helen had to address to be certified in the previous year (see the Farm Plan Update). They had
used treated wood for a replacement corner post in an organic pasture. This was judged inappro-
priate and noncompliant. For more information on this topic see ATTRA’s Organic Alternatives to
Treated Lumber.
More information on organic livestock living conditions. See section XVI of NCAT’s Organic
Livestock Workbook.


Section 8: Pasture NOP Rule 205.239(a)(2)
The National Organic Standard requires access to pasture for all ruminants. Pasture must be managed to provide feed value and
maintain or improve soil, water and vegetative resources.

Do you pasture any livestock?  Yes  No
If yes, is pasture provided to ruminant stock?  Yes  No  Not applicable
If yes, is pasture provided to non-ruminant stock?  Yes  No  Not applicable
Please describe all pastures used by all livestock:
All pastures must be indicated on maps and ﬁeld history forms. See attached.
IS THE PASTURE
STOCKING RATE & WHAT GRAZING SYSTEM
PASTURE ID ACREAGE FORAGE MIX ALSO MECHANICALLY
LIVESTOCK TYPE IS USED?
HARVESTED?

A-1 50 None in 2006 Alfalfa, clover,  Rotational  Yes
grass, chicory  Continuous  No
 Moveable pens
No grazing or haying
in 2006
A-3 45 1 cow/acre Alfalfa, clover,  Rotational  Yes
2 sheep/acre grass, chicory  Continuous  No
4-5 chickens/acre  Moveable pens
 Moveable pens
 Moveable pens

Which months of the year are ruminant livestock pastured?  Not applicable
Late March to mid October

How many days a year, on average, are ruminant livestock under the age of 6 months on pasture?  Not applicable
210 days

How many days a year, on average, are ruminant livestock over the age of 6 months on pasture?  Not applicable
210 days

What techniques are used to prevent waste runoff?
 rotate pastures  buffer zones  limit number of grazing animals
 harrow to spread manure evenly  other (please describe)

What techniques are used to prevent erosion?
 avoid overgrazing  repair gullies  terraces  other (please describe)
Maintain healthy groundcover all season.

What techniques are used to prevent overgrazing or decline in the pasture resource?
 rotational/management intensive grazing  rotate pastures with crops
 pasture renovation  overseeding/reseeding  liming/fertilization
 other (please describe) Inoculate all legumes. Diversify pasture forages.


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Organic Livestock Production Plans Guide