This document discusses the concept of open science. It begins by discussing how the paradigm of the scientist working isolated and disconnected must change to see scientists as nodes in a network. It discusses how openness fuels innovation and how open science can benefit citizens, scientists and society. It addresses researchers' behaviors which sometimes contradict open principles and challenges they face in adopting open practices. It also covers topics like open access, open data, copyright and licenses. Overall, the document advocates that openness is essential to science and its future lies in breaking down walls and making science more collaborative and accessible.

1. …un nuovo panorama
Open Science

2. Open Science
http://opendefinition.org/
10%

3. J. Wilbanks, I have seen the paradigm shift, and it is us, in The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery, 2012
Il cambiamento siamo noi
Il paradigma da distruggere è quello dello
scienziato FUORI dalla rete, NON connesso
pensarci come
NODI DI UNA RETE
cambiamento arriva quando i vecchi
paradigmi non spiegano più la realtà
(Kuhn)
Ciò che deve cambiare di fronte alla scienza
data-intensive è il nostro paradigma dell’essere
scienziato, non quello della ricerca in sé
Due punti fermi che vengono da:
Web = pubblico
Open source = distribuito

4. Openness
Every day I meet people from our vast
community of thinkers and innovators.
People who are tireless in their willingness
to guide Europe towards ever-greater
peace and prosperity.
Their defining quality is openness.
C. Moedas, The importance of research for the future of Europe, August 31, 2015

5. Openness
Common to all these people − common to success in
the research and innovation community − is openness.
It is my opinion that the future of innovation lies in
bringing as many different people, concepts and fields
together. The future of research in Europe lies in people
like you setting its course as a community, and with
those who are different from you.
In my eyes, the future lies in open innovation, because
openness fuels innovation.
C. Moedas, The importance of research for the future of Europe, August 31, 2015

6. 'Open' is a win-win

7. Open Science ha impatto
sull’intera società
Making Open Science a reality, OECD, 2015

8. Open Science?
http://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5381/4110
…anche se in teoria i ricercatori
sono d’accordo, nella pratica
poi hanno comportamenti non
coerenti…
I maggiori impedimenti:
-sistema di valutazione
-mancanza di standards
-aspetti legali /licenze
-riluttanza a condividere

9. Comportamenti dei ricercatori / 1
http://carlystrasser.net/closed-data-excuses-excuses/

10. Comportamenti dei ricercatori / 2

11. Comportamenti dei ricercatori / 3
https://www.digital-science.com/blog/guest/open-sesame-
the-risks-and-rewards-of-open-data-for-researchers/

12. Open science: il futuro dell’Europa
Moedas – Oetinger, Opening up to an ERA of innovation, 22 giugno 2015

13. Open science: il futuro dell’ Europa
Moedas – Oetinger, Opening up to an ERA of innovation, 22 giugno 2015

14. Open Science: il futuro dell’Europa
open access to
science can be good
for citizens,
good for scientists,
good for society
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-14-556_en.htm

15. [Fifth freedom]
2007
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm

16. Open science conference, 4-5 aprile
http://english.eu2016.nl/documents/reports/2016/04/04/amsterdam-call-for-action-on-open-science
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9a3Ap3yyak

17. Open science conference, 4-5 aprile
http://english.eu2016.nl/documents/reports/2016/04/04/amsterdam-call-for-action-on-open-science

18. Trasparenza sui costi abbonamenti
Big deals devastanti perché
• negoziano pacchetti non più singoli titoli
• hanno non-disclosure clauses
Per avere i dati hanno dovuto ricorrere
al Freedom of Information Act
https://olh.openlibhums.org/articles/10.16995/olh.72/

19. Open Science: il futuro dell’Europa

20. Open Science: il futuro dell’Europa

21. Reazioni
http://www.stm-assoc.org/2016_05_28_News_Release_STM_response_to_EU_Competitive_Council_conclusions.pdf

22. Reazioni
http://www.leru.org/index.php/public/news/25-pages-of-
nonsense-the-stm-statement-on-the-open-science-council-
conclusions/

23. Reazioni
https://github.com/chartgerink/hosting/blob/master/satire/stmrevised.pdf

24. Open science: il futuro dell’ Europa
https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/open-digital-science-final-study-report

25. Open science: il futuro dell’ Europa
http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm?pg=open-science-policy-platform

26. European Open Science CloudEuropean Open Science Cloud
JC Burgelman, EOSC the policy, EUDAT workshop, Rome Feb. 5 2016
http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm?pg=open-science-cloud

27. European Open Science Cloud
Global
Open Science > Open Access; Open non è «free»
Strane idee di «cloud»…
http://www.oa.unito.it/new/open-research-data-and-open-science/

28. I am convinced that excellent science is the
foundation of future prosperity,
and that openness is the key to excellence. […]
We need more open access to research results and
the underlying data. Open
access publication is already a requirement
under Horizon 2020, but we now need to look
seriously at open data[…]
Let's dare to make Europe open to
innovation, open to science and open
to the world.
http://ec.europa.eu/research/openvision/index.cfm

29. … in pratica

30. Why open research?
http://whyopenresearch.org/

31. Why open research?
http://whyopenresearch.org/
https://thewinnower.com/keywords/arcs2015
http://openscholarchampions.eu/

32. Scrivere insieme
https://www.authorea.com/
https://www.overleaf.com/
http://f1000.com/work/

33. Nuove figure
M.Nielsen, Beyond Open Access, OAI9, June 2015
http://ipython.org/notebook.html

34. http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap4.html
Michael Nielsen e il
«deep learning»
Nuove figure

35. Nuove figure
LIVING FIGURES
si modificano
interagendo con il
dataset
http://f1000research.com/articles/3-176/v2

36. Nuovi strumenti
http://contentmine.org/
http://www.lisboncouncil.net//index.php?option=com_downloads&id=1261

37. Copyright/diritto d’autore
Legge 633/1941
Immagini e testi online: il diritto d’autore alla prova del web
Video
Slides
Art. 19 I diritti di sfruttamento
economico sono fra di loro
INDIPENDENTI

38. Un concetto chiave:
- Diritti in entrata (ho i diritti per utilizzare materiale altrui?)
- Diritti in uscita (quali diritti associo alla mia opera? Cosa concedo di fare della mia opera?)
Diritti / 2

39. http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/authors/addendum
Diritti / 3
Non cedete i vostri diritti

40. http://blogs.ch.cam.ac.uk/pmr/
[Uno scontro in atto]
http://onsnetwork.org/chartgerink/2015/11/16/elsevier-stopped-me-doing-my-research/#comment-58
http://onsnetwork.org/chartgerink/2016/02/23/wiley-also-stopped-my-doing-my-research/

41. [Uno scontro in atto]
https://juliareda.eu/2015/09/academics-for-copyright-reform/
http://www.oa.unito.it/new/open-research-data-and-open-science/

42. [Uno scontro in atto]
http://www.fixcopyright.eu/
https://nexa.polito.it/new-copyright-20-paper-marco-ricolfi
Se vuoi applicare
vecchio copyright
devi dichiararlo.
Se no si applica
Copyright 2.0 solo
attribuzione

43. http://creativecommons.org/choose/?lang=en
Diritti / 4

44. [come cercare immagini free]
http://search.creativecommons.org/

45. [come cercare immagini free]

46. Open Data
Open data is data that meets the criteria of
intelligent openness. Data must be
accessible, useable, assessable and intelligible
Royal Society, Glossary, Science as an open enterprise, [report] 2012
Raw data now, 2009 e altri due video
Web futuro=web di dati
Linked [open] data
http://linkeddata.org/

47. riviste cartacee:
solo sintesi dell’esperimento
(articolo)
web:
si può integrare con intero
dataset
(visione più completa) SONO I DATI SU CUI SI BASA
L’ARTICOLO
• NON i dati della ricerca applicata
• NON i dati correlati ai brevetti
• NON dati personali
• NON dati confidenziali
• NON segreti industriali

48. Open research data FAIR
https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples

49. Horizon 2020: open by default
Open Access: shall apply
Open Data: may
DATI SU CUI SI
BASA L’ARTICOLO,
NON ineditihttp://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/legal_basis/rules_participation/h2020-rules-participation_en.pdf
ESTESO A TUTTI I PROGETTI
DAL 1 GENNAIO 2017
http://goo.gl/0mv1hg

50. Non condividere è…
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2015/07/03/data-secrecy-bad-science-or-scientific-misconduct/

51. … il rischio dei dati fragili
http://www.nature.com/news/scientists-losing-data-at-a-rapid-rate-1.14416
WHY YOU NEED A DATA
MANAGEMENT PLAN
PMRblog, 2011

52. Open Research Data in pratica
http://www.oa.unito.it/new/open-research-data-creating-bridges-for-open-science-open-con2015-satellite-event/
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/data-management-plans

53. Open research data:
potenzialità
https://royalsociety.org/policy/projects/science-public-enterprise/report/
Possono creare una
nuova RIVOLUZIONE
INTELLIGENT
OPENNESS:
dati devono essere
ricercabili, accessibili
[STANDARD,
INTEROPERABILITÀ]

54. Open Research Data -
potenzialità
http://goo.gl/8Cuvrm
RITORNO SUGLI
INVESTIMENTI
+
CREAZIONE
NUOVO LAVORO
RDA, The data harvest, Dec 2014
Access to research and technical information in Denmark, 2011
PMI immetterebbero
nuovi prodotti 2 anni
prima se avessero
accesso alla ricerca

55. Open data? $$$/€€€
Neelie Kroes, blog, 12 Dec 2011, http://goo.gl/dY9CrB
The Lisbon Council, 2014 http://goo.gl/FjKySD
MCKinsey, Open Data, 2013 http://goo.gl/mTFXvv

56. Open research data – I vantaggi / 1
…una scienza più solida…
-meglio basarsi sui DATI che sulla loro interpretazione
[data make up per pubblicare…]
-confrontare/dibattere con i propri dati
- creare nuova conoscenza aggiungendo i propri dati

57. Open research data - I vantaggi / 2
RIPRODUCIBILITÀ
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6277/1005.full.pdf+html

58. Open research data - I vantaggi / 3
il valore del RIUSO…
costruire percorsi inediti
grazie ai dati aperti
«the coolest thing to do with your data will be thought of by someone else»

59. World Economic Forum 2012, http://goo.gl/ExaGW
es. climate
change
Open research data - I vantaggi / 4

60. Open research data – I vantaggi / 5
…pubblicando anche i
dati negativi si evitano
duplicazioni inutili…

61. Open research data – I vantaggi / 6
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000308

62. Open Data / usi 1
http://www.data.gov
http://data.gov.uk/
https://open-data.europa.eu/data/
nel settore
pubblico:
TRASPARENZA
http://www.dati.gov.it/

63. Open Data / usi 2
RIUSO dei dati
attraverso App
https://openspending.org/
http://publicspending.net/

64. Open Data / usi 3
http://www.ted.com/talks/jamie_heywood_the_big_idea_my_brother_inspired
http://www.patientslikeme.com/
trattamenti
sintomi
effetti collaterali

65. Open Data / usi 4
https://www.rxisk.org/

66. Openness
The best thing about Internet is that it’s open. In every
field it let us share and innovate.
In science, OPENESS IS ESSENTIAL.
Open science doesn’t mean ignoring economic reality.
Of course we need business models to be sustainable.
But that doesn’t mean we have to carry on doing
things the way they have always been done.
So, wherever you sit in the value chain, wheter you’re a
researcher or an investor or a policy maker,
my message is clear:
let’s invest in collaborative tools that let us progress…
Let’s tear down the walls that keep learning sealed off.
And let’s make science open. N. Kroes, Let’s make science open, giugno 2012

67. …a fra poco
elena.giglia@unito.it