Power is one of the most important concept and
plays huge role in politics, from governing how
decisions are made to how political actors
interact with one another.
Power doesn’t corrupt people, people
corrupt power.
- William Gaddis

is the ability to get someone to do
something he wants to accomplish,
making things happens the way he
wants.
is a well prime ingredient of politics.
“Power tends to corrupt : absolute
power corrupts absolutely.”

The process by which a person affects the behavior,
thoughts and the feeling of another person.

Authority is the right to change another person.

Organizational Power
is a power derived from a person’s position in an
organization and from control over valuable
resources afforded by that position.

Reward power – it is an extent to which a leader
can use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to control
and influence other people.
Coercive power – it is the degree to which a leader
can deny desired rewards or administer
punishments to control over people and let them
follow his wants.
Legitimate power – it is the extent to which a
leader can use subordinates internalized values or
beliefs that the boss has a right of command to
control his subordinates behavior.

Information power – the leaders has an access
to and control of information.
Process power – the leader has full control
over the methods of production and analysis.
Representative power – the legal right to
conferred to speak by the firm as a
representative of a potentially significant group
composed of individuals from another firm.

Individual or Personal Power
Is a power derived from personal
characteristics that are of value to the
organization.

Expert Power
 The ability to control another person’s behavior
through the possession of knowledge, experience or
judgement that the other person needs but does not
have.
Rational Persuasion
 The ability to control another person’s behavior by
convincing the other person of the desirability of a goal
and a reasonable way of achieving it.
Referent Power
 The ability to control another’s behavior because the
person wants to identify with the power source.

Since organizational charts only reveal authority and not
power, it is important to determine what the symbols
of power across are across in most organizations.

The primary characteristic of Kanter’s seven symbols of
power is that they can provide an ability to aid or assist
another person.
The symbols are:
1. Ability to intercede for someone in trouble.
2. Ability to get placements for favored employees.
3. Exceeding budget limitations.
4. Procuring above-average raises for employees.
5. Getting items on the agenda at meetings.
6. Access to recent information.
7. Having top managers seek out one’s opinions.

Powerlessness
is a lack of power, which may have
different symptoms in managers at
various levels of the organization.

Korda’s symbol of power are easier to determine,
and they include office furnishings, time power
and standing by.

Clearly define roles and responsibilities.
Provide opportunities for creative problem
solving coupled with the discretion to act.
Emphasize different ways of exercising
influence.
Provide support to individuals so they become
comfortable with developing their power.
Expand inducements for thinking and acting,
not just obeying.

1. Personal Power – is used for personal gain
and result in a win-lose approach.
2. Social Control – involves the use of power to
create motivation or to accomplish group
goals.

1. Consultation
2. Rational persuasions
3. Inspirational appeal
4. Ingratiation

1. Charismatic Authority – it is an influence possessed by
person by virtue of their personal magnetism. They have
the capacity to gain respect and even adulation to the point
of moving followers to make great sacrifices.
2. Rational Legal Authority – it is a leadership based on
established law. People obey the leader or executive
because they accept his power under law.
3. Traditional Authority – the leadership is based from
culture that is people often give allegiance to the one who
occupy the institutional position.
4. Coercive Authority – the power to use force such as police
or military force to demand obedience from the
subordinates.