1.
Code 1
alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
test_dups = ["zzz","dog","bookkeeper","subdermatoglyphic","subdermatoglyphics"]
test_miss = ["zzz","subdermatoglyphic","the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"]
def histogram(s):
d = dict()
for c in s:
if c not in d:
d[c] = 1
else:
d[c] += 1
return d
def has_duplicates(s):

2.
Code 2
• for d in histogram(s).values(): #implementing the histogram
• if d > 1: #checking for duplicates
• return True
• else:
• return False
•
• for letts in test_dups:
• if has_duplicates(letts):
• print(letts, "has duplicates.")
• else:
• print(letts, "has no duplicates.")

3.
Output:
• zzz has duplicates.
• dog has no duplicates.
• bookkeeper has no duplicates.
• subdermatoglyphic has no duplicates.
• subdermatoglyphics has duplicates.

4.
Code 3
• alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
•
• test_dups = ["zzz","dog","bookkeeper","subdermatoglyphic","subdermatoglyphics"]
•
• test_miss = ["zzz","subdermatoglyphic","the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"]
•
•
• def histogram(s):
• d = dict()
• for c in s:
• if c not in d:
• d[c] = 1
• else:
• d[c] += 1
• return d

5.
Code4
• def missing_letters(s):
• his = histogram(s)
• lis = []
•
• for c in alphabet:
• if c not in his:
• lis.append(c)
• return ''.join(lis)
•
• for s in test_miss:
• miss_lettss = missing_letters(s)
• if len(miss_lettss):
• print(s, "is missing.")
•
• else:
• print(s, "has all letters.")

6.
Output:
• zzz is missing.
• subdermatoglyphic is missing.
• the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog has all letters.

7.
Thank You