Globalcompose.com sample research paper on fictional multinational enterprise kickert global energy enterprises

1. Sample Research Paper on Energy
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Executive Summary
Energy is acknowledged as an essentialelement in the process of production by capital and
labor. Energy use has risensignificantlyacross the globe, particularlyfrom the period of the
Industrial Revolution and the oil catastrophe that occurred in 1973. Energy plays a
significant role in the growth of the economy. Effectual utilization of energy results in
energy savings, which promotes national competitiveness and improves Gross Domestic
Products (GDPs) and household revenue. Some of the main sources of energy include
coal, biomass, hydropower, wind power, as well as nuclear power. There have been
increased investments in renewable sources of energy because of their inexhaustibility and
environmental friendliness, which guarantee faster growth and positive forecasts
concerning the projections of the green energy field. Technological development and
structural reforms have played a great role in promoting energy efficiency. Future energy
systems will need energy sources that are able to generate a lot of electricity without
releasing greenhouse gasses. Natural gas will likely be a great source of energy in the
future because of its ecologicalbenefits over coal and oil as well as its capability of
functioning as abalancing power.
Introduction and Background
Energy plays an important function in the economy of a country. Determinations at
socioeconomic and technological growth cannot be productive without a consistent energy
supply. Energy is necessary for producing goods and services and therefore significant for
the industrial growth of a country. Energyalso contributes to the growth of the economy on
both demand and supply sides. Regarding the demand aspect, consumers purchase
energy in the form of electricity to maximize their utility. In terms of supply, energy is a
major element of production as well as capital, labor, and materials. As a major factor,
energy contributes to the development of a nation and living standards of people through
industrial and economic growth. This denotes that there is a causal relation, which runs from
energy consumption to national income or GDP and vice versa (Mathur 230). Nevertheless,
the use of energy as well as growth per capita influences carbon emissions and probably
the cause of increased carbon emissions and climate change. The present paper examines
the association between energy consumption and economic growth.
Discussion of the Issue
Several researches have analyzed the link between energy consumption and
economic growth. The findings indicate that energy presevation can damage economic
growth in the short-run and long-run. Some studies reveal that when efficient use of energy
is effected only at an individual state level, it does not have a stronger impact compared to
when effected across the nation. It is because effective utilization of energy results in
energy savings, which enhance national competitiveness and improves GDPs as well as
real household revenue. High expenditure on efficacy measures and reduced expenditure
on energy compliment each other. They indicate that energy savings result in reduced
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2. energy costs, making the economy more competitive and increasing per capita GDP growth
rate(Mathur 231).
Information from the Climate Institute on Energy efficiency and economic development
regards energy as a factor of production and indicates that with increased real energy
prices, effectiveness in the utilization of energy leads to economic growth. They indicate
that energy productivity has risen overtime (GDP per unit of energy used) and effective
utilization of energy results in higher economic growth through the reduction of energy
demand per unit of output (Mathur 231).
There is a non-linear sigmoid relation between energy consumption and GDP. Energy
consumptions rise at acumulative rate with increase in GDP and after sometime, it rises at
a reducing rate with further increase in GDP. Utilization of alternative or renewable sources
of energy rather than conventional sources is the cause of thevariation in relation.Energy is
an essential resource for producing mechanical power in the process of economic growth
from the time of Industrial Revolution in the 18 century. The industrial revolution enhanced
technological advancements and mass production methods and led to a higher demand for
labor, capital, and energy resources. Despite that fact that Industrial Revolution increased
energy demand in the production process, a major debate over the role of energy in
economic growth still exists. During the second part of the 18 century, energy was viewed
as a source of power in agriculture by the physiocrats, affirming that all energy originated
from land, rain, and sun (Pata 1). After the oil crises in the 1970s, certain economic theories
regarded energy as a factor in the production of economic resources, which played a role in
producing goods and services. Concerning the possible link between energy and growth,
several perceptions have been raised. Nevertheless, currently, the widely acknowledged
perception is that energy is a vital resource in the production process. This is because it
has an important function in changing inputs into outputs in the production process.
Ecological economists maintain that technological advancements and innovations have
little impact on determinations of increasing productivity; however, energy and resources
associated with energy contribute to the growth and production process (Pata and Terzi2).
Recently, there has been a substantial rise in investment in renewable energy globally. The
structure of investments varies from one region to another and impacts the efficiency of the
utilization of renewable sources of energy. The levels of carbon emissions have been
minimal in the previous years. The amount of CO emissions from the utilization of
renewable energy depend on the size of GDP and reduces with a rise in GDP. The
limitation of renewable energy growth in the present energy infrastructure is the lack of
needed flexibility of the current power system to include new renewable energy sources,
especially the wind and solar (Kapitonov167).
In 2011, specialists from Eurostat, EU’s statistical office, categorized renewable power
generation as a segment that was experiencing an adoptive phase and had a medium
competitive capacity. Additionally, the global demand for renewable energy sources had
indicated a steady development. The renewable energy source share in the global power
generation balance is anticipated to hit 35% by 2050. Plans for optional energy production
are being established and adopted in several developed nations. The major benefits of
renewable energy sources are their inexhaustibility and environmental friendliness, which
provide the probable faster growth and positive forecasts concerning the projections of the
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3. green energy field (Kapitonov167). The distribution of renewable energy sources has
enabled a revolution inthe green energy markets in EU nations, the entire Asia and China.
Additionally, although the U.S. is still in the first phase of the lifecycle of the growth of
renewable energy sources, countries such as Russia are progressing towards the green
industrial processing of renewable energy sources (Kapitonov168).
Biomass is a renewable source of energy that plays an important function in the reduction
of CO emissions from coal power plants and can be utilized in producing heat and
electricity. Bioenergy is a form of stored solar energy gathered by plants through
photosynthesis. Wood as well as other parts of plants have been utilized for many years in
preparation food and provision of heat. Biomass continues to be the major form of fuel for
approximately 1.4 billion individuals globally with no electricity.
Coal is the basis of the world’s energy system because of its economic attractiveness and
features that enable constant and safe large-scale electricity generation. Regardless of its
poor environmental identifications, coal greatly contributes to energy supply in several
nations. It is the most prevalent fossil fuel globally, and over 75 nations contain coal
deposits. The present share of coal in global power generation is more than 40%, but it is
anticipated to reduce in the near future, whereas the real coal consumption will increase
(Six Sources of Energy–One Energy System20).
Hydropower is a source of renewable energy, which is economically attractive, offers
security of supply, and contains reduced levels of CO emissions. Hydropower is highly
attractive, particularly because the French market has opened up to competition.
Hydropower entails utilizing the energy available in the movement of water to produce
electricity.Nuclear power produces large volumes of electricity with reduced CO
emissions. It is also economically attractive and secure. Natural gas is an expanding
energy source in Europe, which is economically attractive, flexible and its supply is secure.
Additionally, natural gas has reduced specific CO emissions compared to other fossil
fuels. On the other hand, nuclear power is significant in several European nations since it is
secure, cost effective, and has reduced CO emissions. Nuclear power also produces large
volumes of electricity. Wind power is the rapidly growing energy source in Europe and
highly contributes to the attainment of the European Union’s climate goals.Wind power
does not entail fuel costs and does not emit CO . Its total cost per generated kilowatt hour
is comparatively high because of considerable investment costs (Six Sources of Energy–
One Energy System21).
Energy is an essential input to economic activity and thus to human wellbeing and
development. In the past, low costs of energy have assisted in stimulating economic
growth, and currently, several industries manage their energy costs to enable to them
compete on a global platform. Energy costs may be reduced by enhancing the efficiency of
energy end-use, or by reducing the costs of power generation. The cost of producing
energy carriers, for example, electricity, heat, as well as fuels differsamong different
sources of energy and technologies. Power production costs include capital costs and
operating costs, while capital cost entails essential funding power plant
construction.Additionally, operating costs incorporate fuel inputs and power plant
maintenance. Societies look forward to an energy mix that ensures reduced and steady
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4. general cost of delivered energy for homes and businesses. The management of capital
costs is often a subject of scale and time; power plants that generate a lot of energy for a
long period can spread out the costs of capital investment. The management of operating
costs if often conducted by obtaining cost effective and reliable fuels and preserving
technically efficient systems. Electricity costs have been reduced by establishing a durable
capital-intensive energy infrastructure (Six Sources of Energy–One Energy System8).
Power plants that can consistently generate large amounts of electricity are required to
meet the electricity demands. Extensive nuclear, fossil-built, as well as hydropower stations
can generate such kind of power. Several renewable energy sources like wind and solar
power are sporadic. They produce electricity only under favorable conditions; thereforethey
cannot operate as baseload power. Solar cells and wind turbines provide energy once the
sun starts shining or the wind blows (Six Sources of Energy–One Energy System9).
The European Union’s electricity generation energy mix incorporates fossil energy sources.
Oil, coal and natural gas constitute 54% of EU electricity generation. Coal and nuclear are
the two most important sources of energy, and each amount to 28% of electricity
generation. Hydropower equals 11%, biomass and waste 3%, and wind power 4%.
Globally, fossil fuels are more significant, constituting approximately two-thirds of total
electricity generation (Six Sources of Energy–One Energy System13).
Energy efficiency, which denotes getting the most from the energy consumed to meet
different needs can assist in alleviating the economic and social impacts of alarmingly
increasing costs and limited supply, while concurrently minimizinggreenhouse gas
emissions that lead to climate change. Energy consumption can be minimized through the
enhancement of energy efficiency. Businesses can minimize the use of energyby
maintaining and upgrading their equipment effectively, using advancedconstruction
systems and resources and employing energy-efficient technology. This process is often
attained by utilizing experimented and verified technologies that are prevalent (Rutland and
Alex 634).
Minimizing the use of energy enables businesses to compete globally and reduces the
living cost and reliance on fossil fuels. Portland has developed plans and capital to assist
the community to minimize energy consumption and release of greenhouse gas. The nation
has also established energy reviewsand cash enticement programs (Rutland and Alex
635).Studies have identified various factors that impact energy efficiency in numerous
industries. The energy strength effectively determines the energy efficiency. This is
oftenestimated as units of energy use per unit of product within a country or business.
Increased energy intensity implies a higher cost of changing energy into a product. Energy
intensity has reduced in Chinese industries because of structural reforms in the economy
and technological progress. Regarding structural changes, studies concentrate on reforms
in the sector of the economy. For instance, economic shift, which entails market freedom
and removal of imposed energy prices, resulted in the enhanced industrial energy
efficiency in China in 2007. Technological advancementcontributed more to the reduction
of China’s energy intensity compared to structural reform. For example, regarding China’s
cement industry, the demand for energy is largely determined by the technical nature of the
kilns. Therefore, technological progress plays a major role in reducing energy
intensity(Hu1407).
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5. Future Prediction
I believe that innovation and information technology will enhance effective supply
and utilization of energy in the future. Additionally, thecurrent electricity networks are
mainly adapted to electricity from a small number of large power plants. The grids are one-
way, deliveringelectricity to supply networks. However, future energy systems will put new
demands on the electricity system. Numerous intermittent energy sources like wind power
and electric automobiles will rise the demand for a quick, accommodating and dependable
electricity grid. Additionally,the development of the offshore wind power has increased the
demand for a fresh, high-capacity gridandsuperior networks designed forgathering wind
energy. A delay in the construction of grids may slow the extension of offshore wind power.
Future energy systems will need energy sources that are able toprovide a lot of electricity
without releasing greenhouse gasses. I also believe nuclear power is a source of energy
that is capable of meetingsuch requirements. Europeanstudies have contributed a lot of
knowledge to the sector of nuclear technology and concentrate on factors like improved
waste management and fuel preservation. The structure for future nuclear power has been
effected through many global organizations and systemsassociated with research and
development (Six Sources of Energy–One Energy System80).
Natural gas will be an essentialsource of energy source in the future, mainly becauseof its
comparativeecologicalbenefitscompared coal and oil and the capability ofoperating as
balancing power. Presently, natural gas still representsmore thanone-fifth of global energy
supply. The demand for natural gas is greatlyassociated witha higher rate of global
economic growth and is stimulated by the power industry.Developed world economies will
lead to increased demand for natural gas. The need for natural gas is also influenced
policies and gas pricesin relation to oil and coal. Several nations view natural gas as a
substitute for coal and oil, mainly because of environmental benefits. This is similar to
nationsplanning to stop using nuclear power for political motives. (Six Sources of Energy–
One Energy System636).
Hydropower will be essential to the attainment of a sustainable energy system in the
coming days. The subject of climate change has altered the perception of the face of power
generation, and the determination to shift to a carbon neutral energy mix are in place at all
levels of the entire world. For example, The EU has developed several climate targets to
act asa foundation for its climate change determinations through the year 2020. Achieving
such targets needs a higher consumption of renewable energy sources like hydropower
(Six Sources of Energy–One Energy System54).
Enhanced energy efficiency in every sector is evident, but still inadequate for the EU to
effect its determined energy efficiency targets. Additionally, efficiency enhancement
measures needmore investments, which in addition to investment plans of the energy
independence will raise the final price of all forms of energy to end-users; it will limit the
energy available to them and the majorhindrance will be created in attaining the nation’s
energy sustainability. To guaranteemore sustainability and consistency of three elements of
the energy segment: energy autonomy, energy segment efficiency and competitiveness, as
well as the sustainable growth of energy segment, multifactorial examination and scientific
research are required.
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6. Works Cited
Hu, Hui, et al. “Total Factor Productivity and Energy Intensity: An Empirical Study of
China’s Cement Industry.” Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 52.6 (2016): 1405-1413.
Kapitonov, Ivan A., et al. “Green Energy Revolution Perspectives in Modern Russian
Economy.” International Journal of Economic Perspectives 10.3 (2016).
Mathur, Somesh K., et al. “Does Domestic Energy Consumption Affect GDP of a Country?
A Panel Data Study.” Global Economy Journal 16.2 (2016): 229-273.
Pata, Ugur Kortkut, and Harun Terzi. “The Relationship between Aggregated-
Disaggregated Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey 1.” Business and
Economics Research Journal 7.4 (2016): 1.
Rutland, Ted and Alex Aylett. “The Work of Policy: Actor Networks, Governmentality, and
Local Action on Climate Change in Portland, Oregon.” Environment and Planning D:
Society and Space 26.4 (2008): 627-646.
“Six Sources of Energy–One Energy System.” Vattenfall’s Energy Portfolio and the
European Energy System, 2011, https://corporate.vattenfall.co.uk/globalassets/uk/about-
us/six_sources_of_energy_one_energy_system.pdf. Accessed 26 March 2017.
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