Editorial Toolbox Focus ENGLISH EdITIoN
A supplement to Nordström & Franks ”Editorial Toolbox 2009” ©Nordström & Frank AB, www.nordstromfrank.se, info@nordstromfrank.se . Purchase now! Send a mail to: info@nordstromfrank.se €2,500 Contains facts, maps, flags and templates for use in InDesign.

Editorial team: Rikard Frank Concept
developer, art director, news graphics, cartographer and researcher. Jacob Nordström Concept developer and design. Ingela Rutberg Research and texts. Journalist, Kristianstadsbladet. Pär Jansson Cartographer. Lars Arvestål Military Silhouettes (p. 7). Udo Spongberg Checking of facts. Researcher, Göteborgs Posten. Tobias Regnell Proof-reading. Editor in Chief, football magazine Offside. Helene Murdoch Translation.

The World’s Conflicts Focus Contents
Afghanistan .......................... 8 iraq .......................................38 northern ireland ................68 With the help of journalists, graphic artists and experts, Angola...................................12 israel-palestine...................40 pakistan...............................70 nordström & Frank has put together this compendium basque region ....................14 kasmir .................................46 senegal................................ 72 of all the world’s conflicts. You’ll find country flags, maps Central African republic....18 kyrgyzstan ..........................50 sierra leone.........................74 and background facts on every conflict – a manual that Chad.....................................20 Congo-kinshasa ................52 somalia................................ 76 provides the basis for a long-term look into the future. Chechnya ............................22 korea....................................54 sri lanka.............................. 78 Colombia.............................24 kosovo .................................56 sudan ..................................80 Cyprus .................................26 the kurds............................58 thailand...............................82 The material is designed so that it is easy to read eritrea ..................................28 lebanon ..............................60 uganda ................................84 and use, either as a whole or by selected chapters. ethiopia................................30 liberia ..................................62 uzbekistan ..........................86 Georgia ................................32 macedonia ..........................64 Zimbabwe ...........................88 Updated January 2009. indonesia & east timor.....36 burma (myanmar) ............66 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts NorTHErN IrELANd
– often a question of oil and water BASquE rEGIoN many of the world’s conflicts are rooted in religious and ethnic divisions, but they can also be rooted in the battle for oil and water. iraq invaded kuwait on the suspicion that kuwait was pumping oil that belonged to iraq. kurds are demanding that oil-rich kirkuk should be part of a future kurdistan. SENEGAL in sudan, burma (myanmar), liberia and indonesia, people are unwilling to share the SIErrA LEoNE income from oil – which is creating tensions. LIBErIA in sudan’s case, the government is using oil revenues to buy weapons, while guerillas are CoLomBIA trying to sabotage the oil industry. even the most important element of life –water – is creating conflict. the mursi and bodi tribes in ethiopia lay claim to highlands that catch the most rainwater. in the Central African republic, local farmers squabble with nomads about access to water. Countries/regions arguing over oil Countries/regions arguing over water SOURCES: INSTITUTIONEN FöR FREdS- OCH kONFLIkTFORSkNINg vId UPPSALA UNIvERSITET, SäkERHETSPOLITIk.SE

koSovo CHECHNyA GEorGIA kyrGyzSTAN mACEdoNIA
kurdISTAN uzBEkISTAN korEA CypruS LEBANoN AFGHANISTAN kASHmIr ISrAEL-pALESTINE IrAq pAkISTAN BurmA (myANmAr) CHAd THAILANd SudAN ErITrEA uGANdA SomALIA SrI LANkA CENTrAL ETHIopIA INdoNESIA AFrICAN rEpuBLIC CoNGo-kINSHASA EAST TImor ANGoLA zImBABwE INFO gRAPHICS: NORdSTRöM FRANk

Map symbols Arrows, points and
silhouettes NORTH AMERICA EUROPE OCEANIA 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 SOUTH AMERICA SWEDEN AFRICA 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 THE WORLD 6 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

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The World’s conflicts Afghanistan A
supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts Afghanistan Violence
increases in Afghanistan despite billions on dollars in humanitarian aid and a huge international security effort, violence is increasing in Afghanistan. in the first seven months of 2008, some 3,800 people died, including 1,500 civilians. not since the overthrow of the taliban regime in 2001 have so many died. one reason for this is the return of the taliban and the strengthening of their position with the help of al-Qaida. Among other things, they have bombarded the national army and international security force with rockets. And the number of suicide bombings has increased from 123 in 2006 to 160 in 2007. 170 10 10 2000 1979 The Soviet Union invades Women can no longer work outside stan refuses. In October the USA is held. The right to vote is extended. Aghanistan in support of the commu- their homes and must cover them- begins a bombing campaign against The Taleban carries out its first coun- nist regime. Over one million people selves completely, wearing the Burka. Afghanistan. At the same time, the ter-attack. die and several million become refu- Men are forbidden to shave and girls Northern Alliance pushes against 2006 The Taleban launch rocket gees during the decade-long conflict. are banned from attending school. Kabul. By December the Taleban is vanquished and a new, provisional attacks against the national army 1988–89 After UN negotiations, the 1998 Opposition to the Taliban cre- government is founded. and the international peacekeepers. AFGhAnistAn Soviet Union pulls out of Afghanistan. ates the Northern Alliance and begin Suicide bombing attacks increase. 2002 A traditional Afghan assembly The Soviet withdrawal begins in guerilla warfare. Further opposition 2007 The number of victims of terror February 1. followed from Shiite factions, and is held with 1,600 delegates from all when Taliban forces took Mazar-i- the provinces. The first UN peace- attacks reaches 66 per month, up 1989 Several groups, armed with Sharif, thousands of Shiites were keeping force arrives. from 2 per month during 2006. soviet union heavy weapons from the Soviet Union killed. Opinion against the Taleban More than 0 UN food convoys are 2004 A new constitution gives the and the USA, lay waste to numerous regime grows, even overseas. The attacked and there are more than 10 parts of Kabul. Insurgency takes hold USA points its finger at Osama bin president stronger powers. A two-tier attacks on humanitarian aid pro- of the city. Laden, who was responsible for bomb parliament with independent judi- grams. 0 aid workers are killed. attacks in Kenya and Tanzania. Af- ciary is established. The constitution 1994 The Taliban emerge in southern 2008 Terror attacks continue. Febru- ghanistan is bombed as a result of the gives both men and women equal usA Afghanistan, gaining support from Taleban’s protection for bin Laden. rites and protects religious and lin- ary is the bloodiest month since many who are tired of the war. guistic minorities. The country holds 2001, with 67 civilians killed and 0 2001 The leader of the Northern Alli- its first presidential election, which is injured in the Arghandab district. The 1996 The Taliban occupy Kabul, ban- ance is murdered. Two days later ter- won by Hamid Karzai. The UN sets up next day, 7 civilians are killed and 2 ning everything from popular music rorists attack the World Trade Center the first bases. injured, including three International to football as a consequence of their in New York. The USA demands the Security Assistance Force members 2005 The first parliamentary session deeply-conservative Islamic beliefs. extradition of bin Laden, but Afghani- when a convoy is attacked . sourCes: swedish institute oF internAtionAl AFFAirs, un, dn, swedish militArY serviCe And sAkerhetspolitik.se inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts Afghanistan Forces
in Afghanistan Members: 41 countries Total: 50,700 personnel ISAF Jordan Singapore United Arab Austria georgia Personnel on Personnel on Emirates Personnel on Personnel on International site: 0 site: 0 Personnel on site: 1 site: 1 Security site: 0 Assistance Force (FN) The number of personnel on site changes daily. Information from ISAF 200. Ukraine Ireland Iceland Luxemburg Azerbaijan Latvia Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Finland Estonia greece Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on site: site: 7 site: site: site: site: 70 site: 70 site: 70 site: 70 site: 0 site: 120 site: 10 Macedonia Albania New Zealand Lithuania Hungary Croatia Sweden Czech Belgium Norway Bulgaria Romania Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Republic Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on site: 1 site: 10 site: 1 site: 200 site: 20 site: 20 site: 20 Personnel on site: 20 site: site: 60 site: 72 site: 1 denmark Spain Turkey Australia Poland Netherlands Italy Canada France germany United USA Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on kingdom Personnel on site: 70 site: 70 site: 00 site: 1 00 site: 1 10 site: 1 770 site: 2 0 site: 2 00 site: 2 70 site: 10 Personnel on site: 20 600 site: 0 10 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts Afghanistan Opposition
The four provinces in which grows uzBekiStAn Swedish forces operate are tAJikiStAn Balkh, Samangan, Jawzan and Opposition to Sari Pul. These equate to a the international fifth of Sweden’s landmass. peacekeeping force is growing BAdAkhShán among inhabit- Al Gach ants following Mazár-e- JAwzJAn turkmeniStAn kondoz Sharíf Táloqán the deaths of Kondóz civilian Afghans Shebergaán Swedish forc- tAkhár BAlkh on suspected es in northern terrorist strong- Sari Pul irAn Pol-e Khomrí Meymaneh Samangán Afghanistan holds. BAghlán PAkiStAn SAmAngAn FáryáB A critical SAri Pul PAkVAn nureStán problem is the during 2008 the BAdghíS Nurestán Rao deeply-rooted Bámíán UN and NATO konAr Qal’eh-ye Now corruption and kAPiSA lAghmAn had 2,000 Asadabad Bámíán kABol Chaghcharán drug trade in Kabul Mantar Lám personnel in VArdAk which even Jalálánád Herát the country, of Meydán nAngArhAr regional leaders Shahr loweAr which 7 were Pol-e Alam herát ghowr are involved. Swedes. PAktíA Ghazní Gardíz khowSt oruzgán If president The intention ghAzní Khowst karzai and the is that the ISAF AFGHANISTAN international (International Sharan peacekeeping Security As- FAráh Faráh force intervene In the troubled sistance Force) Tárin Kowt záBol PAktíká too strongly, the southern area shall reinforce government will of the country security in the Qalát make itself more the ISAF force country until the unpopular. operates with Afghan govern- Lashkar Gáh Kandahar troops from ment can fend Denmark, the for itself. The Zaranj Netherlands, the Swedish group United Kingdom, has, among nímrúz helmAnd kAndAhAr USA and Canada. other missions, It is more difficult the task of 0 200 km indiA to maintain these reducing crime forces because and attacks on of the fighting. roadways. inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk 11 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts Angola 12
A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts Angola On
the road to democracy Angola is both one of Africa’s largest oil producers, and one of the world’s poorest countries. it gained independence from portugal in 1975. but even before independence, the mplA and unita rebel groups were in conflict with each other. After independence, the mplA occupied the capital and civil war broke out. the communist mplA was supported by the soviet union; unita by the usA. 10 2000 CABINDA CONGO-KINSHASA Cabinda 1992 A first election is held, since 12 is held. Opposi- ZAIRE Soyo UíGE but the result goes against tion parties protest at the Unita. Fighting breaks out. governing MPLA party’s voting campaign. The elec- Ambriz 1994 New peace talks were tion result shows that the initiated with the UN over- MPLA has collected nearly Luanda MALANJE LUNDA NORTE CUANZA seeing the peace process. 2 percent of the vote; AnGolA NORTE LUANDA Unita barely 10 percent. Malanje 1999 UN peacekeepers EU monitors endorse the BENGO leave the country after result, but note that there LUNDA SUL fighting breaks out. are irregularities at the poll- CUANZA SUL Porto Amboin ing stations: for example, 2002 Civil war ceases not all people casting their Saurimo mplA (pArtY) when Unita leader Jonas votes are properly regis- BíE lobito HUAMBO Savimbi is killed. tered, and that MPLA has Benguela MOxICO AngolA large amounts of coverage Huambo BENGUELA 2006 Angola is a member in the state-controlled of OPEC and producing 1. media. ZAMBIA million barrels of oil a day. HUíLA 2009 The first presidential Menongue Namibe Lubango unitA (pArtY) 2008 The first election vote since 12 is held. CUANDO NAMIBE CUBANGO CUNENE 0 500 km NAMIBIA inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk sourCes: swedish institute oF internAtionAl AFFAirs, bbC world, CiA world FACt book, www.europA.eu.int, sAkerhetspolitik.se 1 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts The Basque
region 1 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts The Basque
region The Basque region’s bloody history the struggle for an independent basque region has been going since the end of the 1800s. And the basque nationalist party, eAJ/pnv, also wants the basue region in France to be included. today, the spanish region has its own parliament and is autonomous; but French basques are governed from paris. 170 10 10 100 110 120 10 10 10 160 170 10 10 2000 1876 After two Spanish civil wars, the 1975 The dictator Franco dies. 1999 ETA ends its ceasefire. 2005 The government is willing to Basques autonomy was annulled. talk with ETA, but the various factions 1978 Spain becomes a democracy. 2000 In the first post-ceasefire mur- within ETA cannot agree; a car bomb 1936–39 During the Spanish civil war, The region becomes independent. der, a car bomb kills a high-ranking is detonated several days later. the Basques who struggled against Hundreds of ETA detainees are re- Spanish officer in Madrid. The motive 2006 ETA is weakened: leaders are Franco declared their own indepen- leased from detention, but ETA seeks is that the government will not negoti- dence in Guipúzcoa and Viscaya, greater autonomy, and commences ate over its political demands. arrested and violence is reduced spAin where the bombing of Guernica took new attacks. following the attack in Madrid. ETA 2001 The Spanish government inten- place in 17. is willing to announce a permanent 1980 ETA’s bloodiest year to date, sifies its hunt for ETA members after ceasefire and talks begin, but are 1940 With the end of the civil war, with 2 people killed. The movement the /11 terror attack in New York. abandoned following an attack on many Basques are imprisoned, is at its strongest, with around 1000 Some 200 ETA members are arrested Madrid airport, in which two people tortured and killed. It is forbidden to active members. ETA’s political wing, after a ceasefire breaks down. are injured. speak Basque, and all areas are given Herri Batasuna, wins 16 percent of the FrAnCe 2002 Parties that support terror- 2007 Spain’s highest court bans 00 Spanish names. vote in Basque regional elections. ism are banned. The party’s bank candidates from two Basque parties 1959 ETA evolves as a student move- 1983–87 27 Basques are tried for funds are seized by the central court from standing in local elections; ETA ment. The name stands for Euskadi Ta suspected ETA murders. because they refused to pay damages cancels it’s ceasefire. Six people die Askatsuna – Basque Homeland and to victims of ETA violence. This sparks 1986 Herri Batasuna is allowed as in attacks between summer 2007 Freedom. It starts at first with infor- fresh outbreaks of violence in the a political party allthough the party bAsQue (reGion) and May 200. Spain and France mation and underground teaching, Basque region. hasn’t denounced the violence of ETA. announce stronger measures for but grows increasingly militant. 2003 The EU and the USA officially 1988–89 The socialist government controlling ETA. 1968 ETA carries out its first murder; classify ETA as a terrorist organiza- tries for high-level talks with ETA. 2008 ETA’s key political leader, Javier a member of the Spanish civil guard. tion. 1997 More than six million people Lopez Pena (known as Thierry), is 1970 16 militant Basques are tried by 2004 11 people die and over 1000 demonstrate over four days against arrested for his part in the Madrid eAJ pnv (pArtY) military court. Several are sentenced are injured in a terrorist attack on a the ETA murder of a Basque politician. airport bombing in 2006. In Novem- to death, but reprieved. ETA receives train in Madrid. The Spanish govern- ber, ETA’s suspected military leader, 1998 A former interior minister, his widespread support. ment accuses ETA over the attack, Garikoitz Aspiazu Rubina (known as colleague and the socialist party’s but Islamic extremists are behind the 1973 The Spanish prime minister is Txeroki) is also arrested. head of security are sentenced to long attack. murdered by ETA, which increases prison sentences for the suspected their popularity among those who inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk etA, euskadi ta murder of ETA members during the Askatasuna (Group) sourCes: swedish institute oF internAtionAl AFFAirs, bbC world, CiA world FACt book, struggle against the dictatorship. 10s. ETA declares a ceasefire. www.europA.eu.int, sAkerhetspolitik.se 1 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts The Basque
region 40 years 92 Support weakens ETA was of violence supported by 1-20 percent Number of civilian victims of Basques in the beginning, etA’s armed struggle gas Total killed 76 but that support Police and claimed 824 lives includ- has successively military weakened. ing 342 civilians. At the 342 same time, around 100- 66 According to the Civilians Total El Pais newspa- 200 etA members have 824 482 per, the terror been killed. campaign has cost the Span- ish government FrAnCe 52 Basque victims 11 billion dollars BASQue region between 1 Total killed nAVArre and 200. 40 Navarre 57 Other 46 CAtAloniA PortugAl Barcelona 43 55 Cata- Madrid According to lonia the Spanish SPAin authorities, ETA 37 37 Total is behind 1,600 123 824 200 km terror attacks 32 32 549 and the deaths of Madrid 30 Basque over 00 people. 26 25 The govern- 23 ment reckons 21 that ETA has 0 19 19 ETA’s victims Ceasfire Nov – Nov 16 17 cells, each with ETA carried out its 15 15 four members, 14 first murder in 16. 13 which carry out 12 The bloodiest year 10 the attacks. ToTAl: 824 vIcTImS since was 16. 6 6 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 00 00 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 sourCes: ministerio de interior espAñA inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk 16 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts The Basque
region Attacks in ’08 Basques in seven 7 March provinces A former advisor to Biarritz Noja the socialist is shot Bayonne dead outside his Santona The autonomous Laredo lABourd home in Mon- Basques can be ViSCAyA dragón. A-8 (lAPurdi) FRANcE San Sebastian Neguri found in the re- (BizkAiA) 14 May Ondarroa gions of Viscaya, Santurtzi Gernika-Lumo Bomb in Legutiano. A-8 Hernani Guizpúzcoa, and Galdakao 1 dead and four Bilbao BASSe-nAVArre Azpeitia Andoain Álava, and can injured. Baztan (nAFArroA BehereA) also be found in 19 May guiPúzCoA Llodio Tolosa nearby area of Durango Car bomb in Bilbao. Soule (giPuzkoA) No injuries. Navarre. (zuBeroA) Mondragón A-15 20 July Amurrio AP-1 Bombings in In France, there E-80 Onati NAVARRE Legutiano Medina Neguri, Laredo (2) is no recognized de Pomar BASQUE REGION and Noja (2). One Basque region, in a bank, four at (nAFArroA) A-10 but Basque tourist sites. No (PAiS VASCo) E-80 Egúes people live in the injuries. Pamplona Vitoria-Gasteiz departments of Aranguren 21 September E-804 (Iruña) Labourd, Basse- álAVA Car bomb in On- Navarre and dorroa, injuring at AP-15 (ArABA) A-12 least 11 people. Car Soule. Miranda de Ebro A-21 bomb in Vitoria. 22 September These provinces Sanguesa AP-1 Car bomb in San- contain upwards Tafalla Oyón tona. Viana of two million Santo Domingo Olite 4 October people who claim de la Calzada Lodosa Bombing in Tolosa. Basque roots. Carcastillo 30 October San Nájera Many Basques Belorado Adrian Peralta Car bomb in Pam- have also emi- plona. 1 people LA RIOJA grated. Calahorra injured. SPAIN 3 december Arnedo Businessman shot Alfaro dead in Azpeitia. FrAnCe Tudela Corella Basque Ribaforada PortugAl Cascante sourCes: swedish Barcelona Madrid institute oF internA- SPAin Cortes tionAl AFFAirs, bbC world, eu And CounCil 0 50 km oF ForeiGn relAtions, 400 km Tarazona Borja inFo GrAphiCs: usA. www.nAtionAl- Agreda nordström FrAnk terrorAlert.Com 17 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .

The World’s conflicts Central African
Republic 1 A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se .