Evm electronic voting machine

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Introduction
 The project is designed for eight contestants. Voters can poll their vote to
any one of the contestant. In this project, one port is dedicated for 8 push-
button switches for eight contestants, and a master switch for polling
officer. A simple yet powerful program is written in assembly language and
is burnt onto the microcontroller to accept votes and to keep counting the
total votes polled. A Polling-officer switch (master) is provided to avoid
multiple polling by a single voter. Every voter gets approval from the polling
officer. If the polling officer issues approval with his control switch, then
only the voter can poll his vote.

Block Diagram

Hardware Requirements
 8051 series Microcontroller
 Push Buttons
 Transistors
 Transformer
 Voltage Regulator
 LED
 LCD
 Resistors
 Capacitor
 EEPROM
 Buzzer

Software Requirements
 Keil C compiler
 Languages: Embedded C or Assembly

Microcontroller 8051
 Microcontroller 8051 is designed in 1980’s by Intel.
 It is a computer on chip type.
 It is 40 pin dip type ic.
 It is designed for performing special type operation to do specific jobs.

Microcontroller 8051
 It has four sets of i/o pins which can be used both input and output
operations.
 It contains four ports.
 Each port contains 8 pins.
 The pin configuration is shown below

Pin diagram of 8051

Pin diagram of 8051
 Pins 1-8:it is said to be port 1 and it is used for input/output
operations.
 Pin 9 is a reset pin.
 Pins 10-17: it is port 3 is also used for input/output operations but
specially it has alternate operations
 Pin 10(RXD): - Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial
synchronous communication output.

Pin diagram of 8051
 Pin 11(TXD): Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial
synchronous communication clock output.
 Pin 12(INT 0):Interrupt 0 input.
 Pin 13(INT 1);Interrupt 1 input.
 Pin 14(T0):Counter 0 clock input.
 Pin 15(T1):Counter 1 clock input.

Pin diagram of 8051
 Pin 16(WR): Write to external (additional) RAM.
 Pin 17(RD):Read from external RAM.
 Pin 18 to 19(X1,X2):Internal oscillator.
 Pin 20(GND):Ground
 Pin 21-28(port 2): I/P or O/P port when no external memory is used.
In case external memory is used, the higher address byte.

Pin diagram of 8051
 Pin 29 (PSEN): Program Store Enable.
 If external ROM is used for storing program then a logic zero (0)
appears on it every time the microcontroller reads a byte from
memory
 Pin 30 (ALE): Address Latch Enable
 Pin 31 (EA): Enable Access.
 To use program from an ext. memory(Logic zero), to use program
from both int. as well as ext. memory (logic 1).

Pin diagram of 8051
 Pin 32-39 (port 0): -I/P or O/P when ALE is low and lower order
address byte when ALE is high.
 Pin 40(Vcc): +5v power supply.

LC
D
 The Serial LCDs are very functional, liquid crystal displays that can be
easily interfaced to and controlled by a microcontroller using an I/O
pin.
 This device can be connected to a PC serial port using a MAX232 line
driver. The circuit isn't supported by us.
 The LCD displays provide basic text wrapping so that your text looks
correct on the display.

LC
D
 Full control over all of their advanced LCD features allows you to move
the cursor anywhere on the display with a single instruction and turn
the display on and off in any configuration.

LC
D
 Clear mode: Press clear switch when all entries are required to be
erased.
 Clear switch should be pressed before voting procedure.
 Buzzer indication: Pressing of key in voting mode is indicated by a
buzzer sound.
 Controller switch: This switch is provided for enabling the keypad in
voting mode.
 This Switch is under the control of voting authority.

Voltage Regulator
 Two basic categories of voltage regulators are:
 IC voltage regulator
 Fixed voltage regulator

IC Voltage Regulator
 These are generally three terminal devices that provide a positive or
negative output.
 Some types have variable voltage outputs.
 A typical 7800 series voltage regulator is used for positive voltages.
 The 7900 series are negative voltage regulators.
 These voltage regulators when used with heatsinks can safely produce
current values of 1A and greater.
 The capacitors act as line filtration.

Fixed Voltage Regulator
 The fixed voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage Vi applied
to one input terminal, a regulated output dc voltage Vo from a second
terminal, and the third terminal connected to ground.

Principle of Operation
VOTING MODE
-toggle switch on VCC
When toggle switch is in voting mode
“Voting mode” is displayed followed by
“Please vote”. After a vote being given,
“Please wait for authority switch” is
displayed and again enable for voting after
Control switch being pressed by the voting
Authority.
COUNTING MODE
-toggle switch on GND.
Counting Mode: When toggle switch is in
counting mode “Counting mode” in displayed
on the screen, and total number of votes to
respective candidate can be displayed on the
screen

Working Principle
 The complete EVM consists mainly of two units
 Control Unit
 Balloting Unit
 With cable for connecting it with Control unit.
 A Balloting Unit caters up to 16 candidates.
 Four Balloting Units linked together catering in all to 64 candidates can be
used with one control unit.

Working Principle
 The control unit is kept with the Presiding Officer and the Balloting Unit is
used by the voter for polling.
 The Balloting Unit of EVM is a small Box-like device, on top of which each
candidate and his/her election symbol is listed like a big ballot paper.
 Against each candidate's name, a red LED and a blue button is provided.
 The voter polls his vote by pressing the blue button against the name of
his desired candidate.

Working Principle
 A simple yet powerful program is written in assembly language and is
burnt onto the microcontroller to accept votes and to keep counting the
total votes polled.
 A Polling-officer switch (master) is provided to avoid multiple polling by a
single voter.
 Every voter gets approval from the polling officer.
 If the polling officer issues approval with his control switch, then only the
voter can poll his vote.

Working Principle
 This issuance of approval is indicated by a long buzzer beep.
 Vote count is stored in EEPROM and an LCD display is provided to display
the total number of votes polled and individual contestant-vise votes
polled.
 An Erase button is also provided in order to make sure the contents of the
EEPROM is zeroed before the start of the polling process.
 A buzzer is provided for audio effect of the switch bounce.

Working Principle
 Whenever a switch is bounced, the system acknowledges the bounce by a
short beep sound.
 If a voter tries to poll multiple times a long beep sound is generated.
 The project can be extended by adding a GSM/WIFI module which eases
the operation of voting by sending a simple SMS over the network or
access through a Webpage over the internet network.

Applications
 Fast track voting which could be used in small scale elections, like
resident welfare association, “panchayat” level election and other
society level elections.
 It could also be used to conduct opinion polls during annual share
holders meeting.
 It could also be used to conduct general assembly elections in school
and colleges to introduce idea about democracy.

Advantages
 It is economical.
 Less manpower required.
 Time conscious, as less time required for voting & counting.
 Avoids invalid voting.
 Saves transportation cost due to its compact size.
 Convenient on the part of voter.

Disadvantages
 Security issues and unequal internet access.
 We have to use external chip to store the votes.
 We have provide continuous power supply.

Conclusion
EVM-Electronic Voting Machine Project is designed and Implemented.
The project can be extended by adding a GSM/WIFI module which eases
the operation of voting by sending a simple SMS over the network or
access through a Webpage over the internet network.

Evm electronic voting machine

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