These slides are part of the ESTIEM Lean Six Sigma Green Belt course which also includes 13hr of video by Gregory H. Watson. For more info about the ESTIEM Lean Six Sigma Green Belt course visit https://internal.estiem.org/leansixsigma

1. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Improve
for publication
1

2. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
It’s Feedback time!
2
Persons giving feedback
Link to the feedback form
(can be found on Schoology and
WhatsApp)
Instructor to give feedback toPersons giving feedback
INSTRUCTOR 1
INSTRUCTOR 2

3. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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“Improvement happens project by project
and in no other way”
-Joseph M. Juran
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4. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Today we talk about how to successfully
choose improvements and implement them
Improve Control
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5. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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What is the purpose of the improve
phase?
Improvement Recommendations
based in objective data

6. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
Improve phase tends to follow a specific
chain of thinking
Filter the most
important X’s
Recommendations for
improvement validated
Input
Output
Identify alternatives
for improvement
Prioritize the
improvement
opportunities
Pilot & validate the
improvements
with data
Decision to go
forward or continue
searching
?
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7. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Several tools link to the Improve phase, which
help you to structure your improvement work.
Your turn to try to name a few
improvement tools!

8. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Now, let’s go through the improve model piece
by piece.
We’ll also link tools to the phases of the
improvement model

9. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
Improvement phase tends to follow a specific
phase of thinking
Filter the most
important X’s
Recommendations for
improvement validated
Input
Output
Identify alternatives
for improvement
Prioritize the
improvement
opportunities
Pilot & validate the
improvements
with data
Decision to go
forward or continue
searching
?
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10. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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First, where did we get the priorized X’s?
Recommendations for
improvement validated
Input
Output
Identify alternatives
for improvement
Prioritize the
improvement
opportunities
Pilot & validate the
improvements
with data
Decision to go
forward or continue
searching
Filter the most
important X’s
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11. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
First, where did we get the priorized X’s?
Recommendations for
improvement validated
Input
Output
Identify alternatives
for improvement
Prioritize the
improvement
opportunities
Pilot & validate the
improvements
with data
Decision to go
forward or continue
searching
Filter the most
important X’s
PPA
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12. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
Improvement phase tends to follow a specific
phase of thinking
Filter the most
important X’s
Recommendations for
improvement validated
Input
Output
Identify alternatives
for improvement
Prioritize the
improvement
opportunities
Pilot & validate the
improvements
with data
Decision to go
forward or continue
searching
?
13

13. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
Identifying and prioritization tend to follow a
‘creative dialog’ process
TIME
NUMBEROF
OPTIONS
Opening Sorting Closing
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14. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Let’s go through an example of the ’creative dialog’ process.
We will walk you through a tool called
Affinity Mapping

15. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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First, remember that often you don’t start
the identification from scratch!
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Fishbone
diagram
PPA
Deployment
Diagram
Several
others …
Prioritized sources
of variation from
the Analyze phase
Use to get ideas for the
improvement opportunities

16. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Affinity mapping step 1 – Gathering ideas:
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17. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Affinity mapping step 2 – sorting ideas
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18. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Affinity mapping step 3 – Labeling groups
Red Ideas Yellow Ideas Blue Ideas Green Ideas
Grouping depend on the case, but can be e.g. linked to the process step
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19. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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We have now identified ideas for improvement,
sorted them and labeled them
What kind of methods could we use to
prioritize the options?

20. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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The prioritization tools can take many forms,
and all methods have their pros and cons
Payoff-effort
matrix
Prioritization
matrix
Voting Gut feeling
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21. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
Potential
payoff
Estimated effort
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22. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Potential
payoff
Estimated effort
Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
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23. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
Potential Project Potential
Benefit
Capital
Required?
Culture
Change?
Strategic
Priority?
Sponsor
Support?
Score Rank
Prioritization criteria can change case-by-case
Score can be calculated or be result of voting
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24. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
Should everyone have an equal vote?
Should everyone have one vote?
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25. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
Should everyone have an equal vote?
Voting is based on opinions, so equal vote might
not reflect the actual prioritization, while just
one vote might not reflect the weights.
Should everyone have one vote?
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26. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
How would you consider voting fits to the
scale ranging from opinion-based to data-
driven decision making?
”Theory O”
Opinion-based
Data-based
Objective
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27. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
Remember, the plural of opinions is NOT data
Voting is as good as the opinions of the participants
”Theory O”
Opinion-based
Data-based
Objective
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28. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Payoff-effort
matrix
Voting
Prioritization
matrix
Gut feeling
Surprisingly often happens when the
improvement prioritization is not structured
Choose a more structured way
whenever possible
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29. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Implementation Plan Example
Action Responsible Target Status/Date
Page: 1 of 1
Revision date:
Current state
Goal
Focus Area
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30. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Time to work…
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31. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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SPONSOR MESSAGE
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32. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
Improvement phase tends to follow a specific
phase of thinking
Filter the most
important X’s
Recommendations for
improvement validated
Input
Output
Identify alternatives
for improvement
Prioritize the
improvement
opportunities
Pilot & validate the
improvements
with data
Decision to go
forward or continue
searching
?
33

33. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Piloting and validation can be done using
several methods
Demonstration
test
Process
laboratory
Simulation Benchmark
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34. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
Conduct physical experiments, which
aim demonstrate the effects of
the changes in the process with data
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35. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
Improvement team
proposed actions to
reduce cycle time in a
process.
Cycle time of process
can be compared e.g.
by observing boxplots
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36. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
Experiment the changes by observing
workers doing the actual routine operations
Often observations are done remotely,
e.g. through video camera
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37. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
Process laboratory
is one type of
demonstration test
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38. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
Use computer models to simulate
expected outcomes of the process
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39. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
What should be simulated?
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40. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
Whenever you can use real-life data: Use It!
E.g. 1. Building a new production line
2. Optimize logistic roads
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41. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Demonstration
test
Simulation
Process
laboratory
Benchmark
Compare performance
to similar processes
either inside or outside of the company
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42. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Time to work…
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43. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
SPONSOR MESSAGE
44

44. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
Improve phase tends to follow a specific
chain of thinking
Filter the most
important X’s
Recommendations for
improvement validated
Input
Output
Identify alternatives
for improvement
Prioritize the
improvement
opportunities
Pilot & validate the
improvements
with data
Decision to go
forward or continue
searching
?
45

45. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
It’s Feedback time!
46
Persons giving feedback
Link to the feedback form
(can be found on Schoology and
WhatsApp)
Instructor to give feedback toPersons giving feedback
INSTRUCTOR 1
INSTRUCTOR 2

46. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
www.estiem.org
It’s Feedback time!
Feedback box
47

47. European Students of Industrial Engineering and Management
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Usage license of the
materials
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
Contact leansixsigma@estiem.org
for commercial usage of the materials
Materials of the trainings have been created based on the materials provided by
ESTIEM Summer Academy Professor Gregory H. Watson