A. Tfayli - Head and neck - Guidelines and clinical case presentation (2-3 ca...
Esophageal cancer staging and treatment course
1. Esophageal cancer: the appropriate staging 3° Course on Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology Rome, March 2011 Riccardo Rosati, MD FACS Professor of Surgery University of Milan Head Dept. General & Minimally-Invasive Surgery Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS
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16. R.T. 67 yo adenocarcinoma lower esophagus cT2-3, N1 ycT0, N0 CT: Al Sarraf 3 cycles RT 45 Gy 3/2011: transthoracic esophagectomy with laparoscopic gastrolysis ypT1b, N1 (1/36) EGDS: linear scar EGDS: large ulcerated mass ¾ esoph lunen 9/2010 2/2011
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Editor's Notes
Mammalian cells initiate cell cycle arrest at different phases of the cell cycle in response to various forms of genotoxic stress to allow time for DNA repair, and thus preserving their genomic integrity. The protein kinases checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase–activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) have all been shown to be involved in cell cycle checkpoint control. Recently, cell cycle checkpoint abrogation has been proposed as one way to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents due to the expected induction of mitotic catastrophe. Due to their overlapping substrate spectra and redundant functions, it is still not clear which kinase is mainly responsible for the cell cycle arrests conferred by clinically relevant chemotherapeutics
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