Eops 2016 08_24

1. Surface Conditions Report, August 24, 2016 Eyes Over Puget Sound Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Publication No. 16-03-076 Up-to-date observations of water quality conditions in Puget Sound and coastal bays Start here Scuba info

2. Dr. Christopher Krembs (Editor) Personalimpressions p. 4 Measurements to informOceanAcidificationand Climate Change. Climateinfluences p. 6 Conditions are normalizing,yet river flows remainlower, especially to the north. Watercolumn p. 7 Record-breakingwater temperatures disappearinginJuly. Lower oxygeninsouthernPuget Sound. Water in coastal bays is warmer. Aerialphotography p. 11 Large jellyfishaggregations confinedto EldandBudd Inlet. Noctiluca in Budd and Case Inlets andNisqually Reach. Red- brownblooms widespreadinfinger inlets of SouthSound, including Pickering Passage andSinclair Inlet. Continuous monitoring p. 35 Surface temperature are >15 °C. Algae are abundant incentral Puget Sound andtemporarily increasednear Victoria,BC. Streams p. 37 July precipitationtemporarily improvedstreamflows. However,August streamflows remainbelow normal. LONG-TERMMARINEMONITORINGUNIT Skip Albertson Julia Bos Suzan Pool Editorial assistanceprovided by: Julia Bos, Suzan Pool, Valerie Partridge Marine conditionsfrom 8-24-2016at a glance Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Jim Shedd JuliaSuzan Mya Keyzers

3. Critter of the Month – The Pea Crabs Personal Field Impression Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Eyes Under Puget Sound 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Learn more about the pea crabs andothercritters on Ecology’s EcoConnect bloghere. Angela Eagleston& Dany Burgess Marine Sediment Monitoring Team Fun Facts! • Inhabitthe burrows,shells, and tubes of other critters • Some are considered bivalve parasites. • The size and shapeof their carapaceand claws are used to identify them. FamilyPinnotheridae– The Pea Crabs This month's group of critters are the ultimate unwelcome house guests! Find out how animal interactions between pea crabs and their hosts are an important part of the ecology of Puget Sound.

4. We chose 6 pilot stations The main goal of the pilot study was to test the feasibility of sampling total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon fromthe confines of a float plane. Carbonatechemistry and pH is complex under estuarine conditions where rivers and oceans meet. We need to understand how climate change and changing river flows affect the conditions of buffering our waters fromocean acidification. Measurements to Inform Ocean Acidification and Climate Change Personal Field Impression Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Personal Field Impression 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Getting the best measurements possible for pH is becoming increasingly importantas we try to understand the possible influence of ocean acidification in PugetSound. We recently ran a pilot study on total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon. See our newly published report (clickhere).

5. This isa newfeatureandwearesolicitingfeedback (salb461@ecy.wa.gov). Eventuallywewill featurethemostrecentdata. good poor visibility Find depths with high and low visibility • Best visibility wasaround 50 feetor more off Browns and Dash Points near Tacoma. • Poor visibility occurred in many places of Puget Sound within the first10 feet of the surface. • In July, visibility continued to improvein Central Basin south of Seattle, along the east shore. Sinclair Inlet visibility declined. • Elliott Bay visibility improved from39 ft to 42 ft since June. • We usetransmissometer readings fromour CTD packageand convertthem into horizontalvisibility. What is the visibility in the water for divers? Personal Field ImpressionThe divers' page, visibility 8-24-2016 Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring StreamsField log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams

6. Climate Influences leading to 8-24-2016 Climate and naturalinfluences,includingweather,rivers,and the adjacent ocean,can affect our marine waters. Graphics are basedonprovisional dataandare subject to change. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/mar_wat/weather.html,page 26. Summary: Air temperatures almostback to normal, except in the north. Precipitationlevels slightly below normal. Sunshine levels below normal for July, (cloud cover was higher). River flows remain below normal, particularly in the north. Oceaninfluence returning closer to normal levels. higher No datalowerexpected *UpwellingAnomalies (PFEL) PDO = PacificDecadal Oscillation NPGO = North Pacific GyreOscillation ENSO = El Niño Southern Oscillation Field log Weather Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring StreamsField log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams

7. We usea boatand a chartered float plane to access our monthly monitoring stations. We communicate data and environmental marine conditions using: 1. Marine Water Condition Index (MWCI) 2. Eyes OverPuget Sound (EOPS) 3. Anomaliesand sourcedata Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Ourlong-termmarinemonitoringstationsinWashington Starthere Isl. .

8. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams HowwellisPugetSoundexchangingitswater? Year 2016 continues to have record-breakingglobal temperatures. Inour region,the Fraser River flow has plummeted. Estuarine circulationis important because water temperatures inPuget Sound are still warmer thannormal! The Fraser River is the largest freshwater source for the SalishSea,significantly affectinganddriving estuarine circulation. Inwinter andspring 2016, the Fraser River and other rivers discharged prematurely. This year’s Fraser River summer flow is extremely low,in response to warm winter temperatures andlack of snowpack inBC. Very low summer flows inhibit the renewal of water inPuget Sound. Source: http://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/index_e.html Very low Fraser River flow this summer means stagnant water inthe Salish Sea and reducedexchange withthe coast. As a consequence,water warms andpollution accumulates. Credit: Christopher Krembs 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Discharge(m3s-1) Higher than normal Lower than normal Expected

9. Physical conditionstracked in historicalcontext Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Explore profiles at all stations Temperature Normalizing Variable OxygenNormal Salinity It is transitiontime for Puget Sound, as climate conditions are changing,while The Bloband El Niño disappear. After nearly 2 years of record-breakingwater temperatures,Puget Soundtemperatures and salinity were closer to expectedranges inJuly. Lower oxygenconditions appearedinsouthernPuget Sound. At the coast,water temperatures were warmer.

10. a) PacificDecadalOscillationIndex(PDO,temperature) (explanation) b) UpwellingIndex(anomalies)(Upwelling,low oxygen) (explanation) c) NorthPacificGyreOscillationIndex(NPGO, productivity) (explanation) Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Theoceanaffectswaterquality: OceanClimateIndices NPGO(x10) PDO/UpwellingIndex Three-year running average of PDO, Upwelling, and NPGO indices scores . Ocean boundaryconditions long-term variability: (a)water is still warm (PDO), (b) upwellingoflow oxygen and high nutrient ocean water are normal (UpwellingIndex anomaly),and (c) surface productivity alongthe coast is normalizing(NPGO). -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

11. Summary: Aerial photography8-24-2016 Large jellyfishaggregations confinedto EldandBudd Inlets. Noctiluca accumulatingat the surface in Budd, Eld, andCase Inlets and in Nisqually Reach. Red-brownblooms widespreadinfinger inlets of SouthSound, including Pickering Passage andSinclair Inlet. Carr Inlet with greenmacro-algae developingnearshore,otherwise low activity. Port Madisonwitholive-brownbloom. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Start here Mixing and Fronts: Fronts in Totten Inlet Dena Passage, CaseInletand Port Madison. Debris: Noctiluca in many places of South Sound. Macroalgaeforming in Carr Inlet. Some larger organic material debris recorded east of Bainbridge island. Visible blooms: Budd, Eld, Henderson and Sinclair Inlets, Wollochet Bay and Jerrell Cove- strong red-brown blooms. Totten Inletbloom in green and yellow. Dyes Inlet- green bloom in southern portions. PortMadison olive brown bloom. Jellyfish: Very numerous in Budd and Eld Inlet. Not seen in other inlets. BloomDebrisFront Suspendedsediment: Little suspended sediment sources include local human activity around musselrafts, tidal resuspension near shoreand expected river inputs. Plume Mats of macro-algae,Von Geldern Cove, Carr Inlet Bloom in WollochetBay, Hale Passage algae Bloom eelgrass

12. Strait of Juan de Fuca San Juan Islands Padilla Bay Main Basin Hood Canal South Sound Whidbey Basin Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Sunny,good visibility Flight Information: Aerial photography and navigation guide Flight route 9 3 2 8 Tide data(Seattle): Time Height (ft) High/Low 04:10 AM 0.76 L 10:39 AM 9.33 H 04:14 PM 4.65 L 10:19 PM 11.23 H 6 10 11 14 41 Observation Maps: Central Sound South Sound 15 12 13 7 5 17 18 19 20 16

13. Strong red-brown bloom and abundant jellyfishpatches and organic debris at surface. Location: Near Butler Cove, Budd Inlet (South Sound),2:21 PM. 1 Aerial photography 8-24-2016 Navigate Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams boat Bloom Debris Bloom boat boat jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish Debris

14. Strong red-brown bloom and abundant jellyfishpatches and organic debris at surface. Location: Near Butler Cove, Budd Inlet (South Sound),2:21 PM. boat Bloom jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish boat marker 2 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Debris Debris jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish boat marker jellyfish Bloom

15. Bloom boat 3 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Strong red-brown bloom and abundant jellyfishpatches. Location: Big Tykle Cove, Budd Inlet (South Sound),2:25 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams boat jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish Bloom

16. 4 Navigate Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Aerial photography 8-24-2016 Strong red-brown bloom and abundant jellyfishpatches and organic debris at surface. Location: Budd Inlet (South Sound),2:25 PM. Bloom boat jellyfish logs Debris Debris Debris jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish Bloom Debris

17. 5 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Strong red-brown bloom and abundant jellyfishpatches. Location: Eld Inlet (South Sound),2:28 PM. Bloom Bloom boat jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish

18. Strong red-brown bloom and abundant jellyfishpatches. Location: Eld Inlet (South Sound),2:28 PM. 6 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams boat Bloom boat jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish jellyfish

19. Colorful bloom in green and red mixedin with suspended sediment flowing northward. Location: Totten Inlet (South Sound),2:30 PM. 7 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Bloom Plume mussel raft boat

20. Noctiluca and organic material accumulating near Boston Harbor Location: Entrance to Budd Inlet (South Sound),2:35 PM. 8 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Debris Bloom Debris boat boat Debris

21. Noctiluca and organic material accumulating along tidal fronts. Green bloom in Peale Passage Location: Entrance to Dana Passage (South Sound),2:36 PM. 9 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Debris Bloom boat boat boat Debris Bloom Bloomv Bloom

22. 10 NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Strong bloom in brown, green and red. No jellyfish! Location: Above WoodlandPark,Henderson Inlet (South Sound),2:38 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams boat Plume Bloom Bloom Bloom

23. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Noctiluca accumulating as organic debris at surface. Location: NisquallyReach (South Sound),2:41 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 11 Debris boat Debris boat Debris NisquallyRiver

24. A. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Suspended sediment plume near aquaculture structures possibly mussel rafts? Location: Northern Harstine Island,Case Inlet (South Sound),2:46 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 12 suspendedsediment boat B. boat boat boat mussel rafts suspended sediment

25. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Red-brown bloom, green bloom and reports of Noctiluca in Jarrell Cove. Location:Jarrell Cove, Harstine Island (South Sound),2:46 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 13 Bloom Debris marina Bloom Debris

26. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Large accumulations of a Noctiluca bloom at an unusual time of the year. Location: Entrance to Pickering Passage,Case Inlet (South Sound),2:48 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 14 boat Debris Debris Bloom boat Debris Pickering Passage

27. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Glacial flour in the Puyallup River plume. Flows are low in August. Fire in the background. Location: Commencement Bay(Central Sound), 2:58 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 15 internal waves Plume ship fire and smoke ship ship boat boat internal waves

28. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Tugboat and barge reveal narrow layer of glacial flour and freshwater originating from the Puyallup River. Location: Commencement Bay(Central Sound),2:58 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 16 Debris boat Plume tug barge Debris

29. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Red-brown bloom adjacent to sediment plume from nearby creeks. No Jellyfish! Location: Sinclair Inlet (Central Sound),3:09PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 17 boat Bloom Bloom boat Plume

30. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 Greenbloom confined to southern Dyes Inlet. Macroalgae developing off Elwood Point. Location: Dyes Inlet (Central Sound),3:12 PM. 18 boat Debris Debris Debris Bloom boat

31. A. B. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 A. Liberty Bay with moderate green bloom, no jellyfish.B. Red-brown bloom in shallow embayment. Location: LibertyBay,Poulsbo (Central Sound),3:17 PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 19 boat Bloom Bloom

32. A. B. NavigateAerial photography 8-24-2016 A. Front and B. localizedbloom in Port Madison. Location: A and B near Westport,Bainbridge Island (Central Sound),3:21PM. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 20 Bloom

33. n.a. Hood Canal Central Sound Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference Date: 8-24-2016 Qualitative aerial observer map during transit Navigate Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 17 18 19 20 16 15

34. Date: 8-24-2016 Qualitative aerial observer map during transit Numbers on map refer to picture numbers for spatial reference Navigate South Sound Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams 1 23 45 6 8 9 7 10 11 12 14 13

35. The Victoria Clipper IV carries sensorsin its sea chest. The sensorsallow us to plot overtime transects of: A. Temperature B. Chlorophyll C. Turbidity D. CDOM = colored dissolved organic matter Over time, we see the dynamics of these variables in surface water betweenSeattle and Victoria,BC. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos C. B.A. D. CDOMsensor is out of commissionuntil further notice. Sensor data not available Continuous monitoring Streams ContinuousmonitoringJuly – August Summary of Victoria Clipper IVferry data: Summer trends of warmwater andalgal growthcontinue. Temperatures are generally >15 °C in Puget Sound. Turbidity and chlorophyll have similar patterns; thus,algae may contribute largely to turbidity. In mid-August, chlorophyll peakedin central Puget Sound and temporarily increasednear Victoria,BC.

36. Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Continuousmonitoringon 8-23-2016 Figures show daily data from sensors installed on the ferry which measure near-surface waters at 5-secintervals while the Victoria Clipper IV transits between Seattle and Victoria,BC. A. Sea Surface Temperature: Water is warminCentral Basin, with temperatures over 15 °C. B. Chlorophyll: Concentrations are high in Central Basin,with patchy conditions inthe Strait of Juande Fuca. C. Turbidity: Turbidity was low onthe entire route. D. Colored Dissolved Organic Matter(CDOM): Not available. A. C. Victoria Olympic Peninsula Seattle Victoria Olympic Peninsula Seattle Victoria Olympic Peninsula Seattle D. B. CDOM sensor is out of commission until further notice.

37. How have streamflows fared over Summer 2016? Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Jim Shedd, Ecology In August, however, thepercentageof streams experiencing lower-than-normalflows increased to almost 50% (C). The increase wasespecially pronounced in the already verylow ranges (flows below the 10th percentile). Closer-to-usualprecipitation in July improved streamflows. However, in August, many streams slipped back to below-normal or much-below-normalflows increasing water temperatures, oxygen depletion, reduction of fish habitat, and fish mortality. A. Precipitationin July increased to near normal in some areas of the Puget Sound Basin (above). B. As a result, streamflowsimproved somewhat in July over June, particularlyin the Olympics and West Central Cascades, see flow summary maps B. A. C. June 2016 Monthly Flow Summary July 2016 Monthly Flow Summary B.

38. Accessmooring data: ftp://www.ecy.wa.gov/ea p/Mooring_Raw/Puget_S ound/ Continuous monitoring : Suzan.Pool@ecy.wa.gov Get data from Ecology’sMarine MonitoringPrograms Long–Term MonitoringNetwork Real–Time Sensor Network Accesscore monitoringdata: https://fortress.wa.gov/ec y/eap/marinewq/mwdata set.asp christopher.krembs@ecy.w a.gov Ecology’s long-termmarine monitoring stations Continuous track Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams Riverand Stream WaterQuality Monitoring http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/fw_riv /rv_main.html Discontinued (fundingcuts)

39. You may subscribe or unsubscribe to the Eyes Over Puget Sound email listservby going to: http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=ECOLOGY-EYES-OVER-PUGET-SOUND Many thanks to our business partners: Clipper Navigation,SwantownMarina,andKenmore Air. We are looking forfeedbackto improve ourproducts. Dr. ChristopherKrembs christopher.krembs@ecy.wa.gov Marine Monitoring Unit EnvironmentalAssessment Program WA Department of Ecology Field log Climate Water column Aerial photos Continuous monitoring Streams

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Eops 2016 08_24

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Eops 2016 08_24