The document discusses opportunities for decarbonizing India's transport sector to meet its climate commitments. It outlines that road transport accounts for most emissions, while rail presents opportunities for increasing low-carbon mobility. Integrating more renewables into rail through large-scale solar and rooftop projects could help reduce costs and meet climate targets. Water management is also essential given rail's large water needs, with potential for conservation and wastewater reuse. Overall, the document argues for more sustainable, integrated solutions that balance development and affordability concerns while lowering emissions.

1. Accelerating Low Carbon Transport
Towards India’s INDCs
Aditya Ramji
Programme Lead
Council on Energy, Environment and Water
National Conference
New Delhi, 24 January 2017
© Council on Energy, Environment and Water, 2017

2. CEEW: one of South Asia’s leading think-tanks
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Energy Access Renewables Low-Carbon Pathways
Greenhouse Gases and
Monitoring, Reporting, Verification
Risks and Adaptation Technology

3. Road Transport
• 7 states Contribute to 67% of the
road transport emissions in India
• Implementing authorities – States
• Delhi, Odisha, Haryana, Kerala
Gujarat, MP have formulated own
state Transport policies

4. Navigation and waterways
• India’s GHG emissions from Navigation are small: 2 MtCO2eq in 2012-13
– Declined from 4 MT CO2eq in 2010
• Major fuels consumed by the shipping sector : HSDO and Furnace Oil
• Jal Marg Vikas Project has been an initiative of GOI; to provide environment friendly,
fuel efficient and cost effective alternative transport for hazardous goods & bulk
goods.
• Harnessing coastal routes for connectivity across towns/cities

5. Aviation
• Deal will be implemented in 2 phases –
– First phase (2020 to 2026) is voluntary
– Second phase (2027 to 2035) is mandatory
• Huge tourism potential
– Indian share is only 0.6% of global tourist arrivals
• Developmental concerns
– Need to cater to 300 million middle-class base if not the entire 1.3 billion citizens
• Need to offset emissions commensurate with at least 10 billion RTKs annually by 2030
– Present emissions commensurate with 6.5 billion RTKs
– This burden will further increase due to the individual offsetting
• Historical burden completely absolved due to the individual offsetting clause
• Need more non-market based measures to stay within 2 degree limit
– Stringent standards
– More investments in developing bio fuels

6. Low-carbon Transport: Transmission to Transformation
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SOURCE: CEEW 2017
• Increasing mobility requirements: From road to rail
• Moving from petroleum fuels to electricity based transportation
Water
Integrated
Rail
Transport
Solutions
Efficiency Affordable
Union Rail
Budget
Mission 41k
Environmentally
Sustainable
EnergyWaste

7. Decarbonisation of the Indian Railways

8. Integrating Renewables: Scaling Ambitions
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• Two objectives:
– Reduce the cost of power procurement
– Increase the share of renewables in the electricity mix
• From 1 GW to 5 GW?
– 25% renewables in electricity mix by 2025
IR Solar Projects
5 GW
Large Scale
Ground Mounted
4,000 MW
Far from TSS
2,000 MW
Along the
track/TSS
2,000 MW
Rooftop
1,000 MW
Sheds/Buildings
1,000 MW

9. Water management in the Indian Railways
• With 23 million passengers each day, railways is one of the largest consumers of water
• With an expanding rail network, associated railway operations will continue to become
resource intensive
• Apart from energy, water as resource is essential for its operations
• First critical step: comprehensive metering, monitoring and benchmarking
• water use
• wastewater generation
• Second: water audits across all facilities
• avenues for water conservation and water use efficiency
• potential to save 71% of the present water use
• Third: use wastewater as resource
• water, energy, nutrient recovery
• 1 MLD of wastewater can generate 100 m3 of biogas
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SOURCE: CEEW, 2016; TERI, 2012
DLW Varanasi STP

10. Railways: An attractive business opportunity?
• Energy + Water + Waste
• Railways – Sovereign rating
• Low risk of payment delays
• Low cost finance for developers
– Railways can raise capital for integration and infrastructure costs
• Utility of multilateral funds
– De-risking instruments
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11. 10
Climate Finance

12. • Balance – affordability + sustainable transport solutions
– Differential population; income inequality and poverty
• Infrastructure in transport - land acquisition
• Rural connectivity and mobility of passengers and freight crucial as part of development plan
• Least carbon intensive transport methods have become the least preferred
• Integrated urban planning and development
• Finance and Technology – Developed Countries Commitment
Going forward: Challenges for transport sector

13. THANK YOU
http://ceew.in/
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